gypsy moth and nun moth
... beetles could become more detrimental due to prolonged growing season leading to multivoltinism, absence of extreme temperatures in winter that diminish population levels and possible shifts to novel host plants (Liebhold et al. 1995; Ayres and Lombardero 2000, Volney and Fleming 2000, Battisti 2004 ...
... beetles could become more detrimental due to prolonged growing season leading to multivoltinism, absence of extreme temperatures in winter that diminish population levels and possible shifts to novel host plants (Liebhold et al. 1995; Ayres and Lombardero 2000, Volney and Fleming 2000, Battisti 2004 ...
Understanding Climate Variability : Implications for Water Resources
... – Climate variability Lack of sanitation – Rapid increase in generated waste ...
... – Climate variability Lack of sanitation – Rapid increase in generated waste ...
senate rules committee - senate floor analysis
... The statute also specifies that ARB may include market-based compliance mechanisms in the AB 32 regulations after considering the potential for direct, indirect, and cumulative emission impacts from these mechanisms, including localized impacts in communities that are already adversely impacted by a ...
... The statute also specifies that ARB may include market-based compliance mechanisms in the AB 32 regulations after considering the potential for direct, indirect, and cumulative emission impacts from these mechanisms, including localized impacts in communities that are already adversely impacted by a ...
Climate projections: Past performance no guarantee of future skill?
... question arises of how to make a best estimate prediction of future temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) combines the results of the available models to form an ensemble average, giving all models equal weight. Other studies argue in ...
... question arises of how to make a best estimate prediction of future temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) combines the results of the available models to form an ensemble average, giving all models equal weight. Other studies argue in ...
Climate change and global water resources
... By 2025, it is estimated that around 5 billion people, out of a total population of around 8 billion, will be living in countries experiencing water stress (using more than 20% of their available resources). Climate change has the potential to impose additional pressures in some regions. This paper ...
... By 2025, it is estimated that around 5 billion people, out of a total population of around 8 billion, will be living in countries experiencing water stress (using more than 20% of their available resources). Climate change has the potential to impose additional pressures in some regions. This paper ...
PDF
... immediate, extensive action. Policymakers are thus confronted with a wide range of recommendations about how to address the risks posed by a changing climate—in particular, whether, how, and how much to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. (CBO 2005) The focus on uncertainty has taken on increased u ...
... immediate, extensive action. Policymakers are thus confronted with a wide range of recommendations about how to address the risks posed by a changing climate—in particular, whether, how, and how much to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. (CBO 2005) The focus on uncertainty has taken on increased u ...
1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and
... The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the target of reducing GHG emissions.13 For the purposes of GHG emissions reduction, the UNFCCC divides the world into Annex I countries14 and developing countries, legally bindin ...
... The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the target of reducing GHG emissions.13 For the purposes of GHG emissions reduction, the UNFCCC divides the world into Annex I countries14 and developing countries, legally bindin ...
Gaurnet Review - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... higher temperature increase coupled with decreased precipitation and relative humidity. The U1 climate scenario would likely reduce both the natural and anthropogenic capacity for snow production in association with an increased rate of snow melt, particularly at lower elevations, leading to both a ...
... higher temperature increase coupled with decreased precipitation and relative humidity. The U1 climate scenario would likely reduce both the natural and anthropogenic capacity for snow production in association with an increased rate of snow melt, particularly at lower elevations, leading to both a ...
The language of climate change adaptation
... Scottish Adaptation Programme – may be different to that which is appropriate at a local level or with a particular sector or other stakeholder groups. The high-level term should be augmented with language that already resonates with the audience, such as, for the business sector, that around risk m ...
... Scottish Adaptation Programme – may be different to that which is appropriate at a local level or with a particular sector or other stakeholder groups. The high-level term should be augmented with language that already resonates with the audience, such as, for the business sector, that around risk m ...
Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions
... lives—the eruption also was an ‘experiment of nature’ from which science has learned until today. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of the Tambora eruption and its effects on climate as expressed in early instrumental observations, climate proxies and geological evidenc ...
... lives—the eruption also was an ‘experiment of nature’ from which science has learned until today. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of the Tambora eruption and its effects on climate as expressed in early instrumental observations, climate proxies and geological evidenc ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
... follow a business-as-usual path, and in the second emissions were constrained under the assumption that the Kyoto Protocol is fully and successfully implemented. Wigley found that [The] rate of slow-down in temperature rise is small, with no sign of any approach to climate stabilization.. . . The in ...
... follow a business-as-usual path, and in the second emissions were constrained under the assumption that the Kyoto Protocol is fully and successfully implemented. Wigley found that [The] rate of slow-down in temperature rise is small, with no sign of any approach to climate stabilization.. . . The in ...
Earth Atmospheric Land Surface Temperature and Station Quality in
... is the rate of change of temperature rather than absolute temperature. Although the curves are plotted separately in Figure 4, they track each other so closely that differences between them are statistically small. It is more instructive to subtract the anomaly found with poor (4+5) station data fro ...
... is the rate of change of temperature rather than absolute temperature. Although the curves are plotted separately in Figure 4, they track each other so closely that differences between them are statistically small. It is more instructive to subtract the anomaly found with poor (4+5) station data fro ...
NEWSLETTER
... in binding CO2 emission targets. Nevertheless, a process towards binding targets was started, but the rates of reduction are lower than those already recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This means that communities in the North Sea region are facing higher temperature ...
... in binding CO2 emission targets. Nevertheless, a process towards binding targets was started, but the rates of reduction are lower than those already recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This means that communities in the North Sea region are facing higher temperature ...
Climate change, food, water and population health in China
... remains a problem for China, especially for those living in poor and remote areas.23 More than 100 million farmers and their families still experience poverty and are highly vulnerable to many forms of stress. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the problems they face, because they often lack the ...
... remains a problem for China, especially for those living in poor and remote areas.23 More than 100 million farmers and their families still experience poverty and are highly vulnerable to many forms of stress. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the problems they face, because they often lack the ...
NG-ACCESS
... covering time periods ranging from hours, days, weeks, and extending out to seasonal and decades. NG-ACCESS provides a framework to bring together efforts related to weather forecasting, climate prediction, Earth System Modelling e.g., carbon flows, socio-economic or integrated assessment modelling, ...
... covering time periods ranging from hours, days, weeks, and extending out to seasonal and decades. NG-ACCESS provides a framework to bring together efforts related to weather forecasting, climate prediction, Earth System Modelling e.g., carbon flows, socio-economic or integrated assessment modelling, ...
Environmental Realpolitik - Digital Repository @ Maurer Law
... 8. JI projects must contribute to a reduction in global GHG emissions. Baselines define the initial conditions against which such improvements are to be measured. If all parties to a climate change regime were assigned caps on their national emissions, these caps would constitute the baseline above ...
... 8. JI projects must contribute to a reduction in global GHG emissions. Baselines define the initial conditions against which such improvements are to be measured. If all parties to a climate change regime were assigned caps on their national emissions, these caps would constitute the baseline above ...
Scientific aspects - Wageningen UR E
... separately for different disciplines and carried out by the scientific community. Therefore, impact projections are not easily integrated, e.g. for ecosystems and agriculture and relatively little attention is paid to the practical use of the projections. In this theme we will make couplings based o ...
... separately for different disciplines and carried out by the scientific community. Therefore, impact projections are not easily integrated, e.g. for ecosystems and agriculture and relatively little attention is paid to the practical use of the projections. In this theme we will make couplings based o ...
From mitigation to creativity: the agency of museums and science
... action, justifications for inaction and the state of scientific risk predictions (Cameron et al, 2011). Here, many noted links between media reporting and politics in which the former acted as an advocate for particular policy positions. Cultural institutions, such as museums and science centres, ar ...
... action, justifications for inaction and the state of scientific risk predictions (Cameron et al, 2011). Here, many noted links between media reporting and politics in which the former acted as an advocate for particular policy positions. Cultural institutions, such as museums and science centres, ar ...
Open file
... responsible for this feature. 9. To study the dynamics of the Earth’s crust in the Queen Maud Land area of Schirmarcher Oasis and Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. 10. To study the mass balance and ice dynamics of the Nivlisen ice shelf in Antarctica ...
... responsible for this feature. 9. To study the dynamics of the Earth’s crust in the Queen Maud Land area of Schirmarcher Oasis and Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. 10. To study the mass balance and ice dynamics of the Nivlisen ice shelf in Antarctica ...
Climate change and animal health in Africa
... water bodies for irrigation in drier areas may facilitate the survival of the intermediate snail host of F. gigantica. Although diseases transmitted directly between animals in close contact are less related to climate, changes in the ecosystem resulting in the disappearance or intermittent availabi ...
... water bodies for irrigation in drier areas may facilitate the survival of the intermediate snail host of F. gigantica. Although diseases transmitted directly between animals in close contact are less related to climate, changes in the ecosystem resulting in the disappearance or intermittent availabi ...
US-Swedish Planning Workshop on Joint Arctic Research using the
... including health, social issues and commerce. Over the last several decades climate change has been larger in the Arctic than elsewhere on Earth, and since the mid 1960’s the annually averaged near-surface air temperature north of 60°N has increased more than twice as much as the corresponding globa ...
... including health, social issues and commerce. Over the last several decades climate change has been larger in the Arctic than elsewhere on Earth, and since the mid 1960’s the annually averaged near-surface air temperature north of 60°N has increased more than twice as much as the corresponding globa ...
Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States
... carbon-capture-and-storage technologies; advance previous collaboration to reduce emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, a group of gases with very high warming potential; share best practices on low-carbon cities; and promote trade in “green goods.”6 The announcement states that China’s CO2 emissions wo ...
... carbon-capture-and-storage technologies; advance previous collaboration to reduce emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, a group of gases with very high warming potential; share best practices on low-carbon cities; and promote trade in “green goods.”6 The announcement states that China’s CO2 emissions wo ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... Change in atmospheric chemistry affects air quality (ozone and PM) and climate (ozone, PM, methane). Change in climate affects natural emissions (biosphere, dust, fires, lightning) with implications for air quality. Chemistry-climate interactions involve a number of possible feedbacks, as illustrated ...
... Change in atmospheric chemistry affects air quality (ozone and PM) and climate (ozone, PM, methane). Change in climate affects natural emissions (biosphere, dust, fires, lightning) with implications for air quality. Chemistry-climate interactions involve a number of possible feedbacks, as illustrated ...
STUDY ON THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CHINA`S
... could change for a prolonged period. Under such circumstances, the Ricardian estimate would be either over- or underestimating the climate change impacts, depending on how the prices change. The bias was calculated to be small in most relevant examples of climate change (Mendelsohn et al., 1996). Ho ...
... could change for a prolonged period. Under such circumstances, the Ricardian estimate would be either over- or underestimating the climate change impacts, depending on how the prices change. The bias was calculated to be small in most relevant examples of climate change (Mendelsohn et al., 1996). Ho ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... Change in atmospheric chemistry affects air quality (ozone and PM) and climate (ozone, PM, methane). Change in climate affects natural emissions (biosphere, dust, fires, lightning) with implications for air quality. Chemistry-climate interactions involve a number of possible feedbacks, as illustrated ...
... Change in atmospheric chemistry affects air quality (ozone and PM) and climate (ozone, PM, methane). Change in climate affects natural emissions (biosphere, dust, fires, lightning) with implications for air quality. Chemistry-climate interactions involve a number of possible feedbacks, as illustrated ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""