Valuing the Ocean: Extended Executive Summary
... atmospheric CO2 would have already reached around 450 ppm, 60 ppm higher than it is today. However, while this process partially buffers climate change, the resulting perturbations to the ocean’s carbonate system – known as ocean acidification – has potentially serious consequences for the organisms ...
... atmospheric CO2 would have already reached around 450 ppm, 60 ppm higher than it is today. However, while this process partially buffers climate change, the resulting perturbations to the ocean’s carbonate system – known as ocean acidification – has potentially serious consequences for the organisms ...
IFC`s Definitions and Metrics for Climate
... 5) Accuracy: Reduce uncertainties as much as is practical. 6) Conservativeness: Use conservative assumptions, values, and procedures when uncertainty is high. IFC also draws upon methodologies from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism, as well as othe ...
... 5) Accuracy: Reduce uncertainties as much as is practical. 6) Conservativeness: Use conservative assumptions, values, and procedures when uncertainty is high. IFC also draws upon methodologies from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Clean Development Mechanism, as well as othe ...
Meeting Carbon Budgets – Implications of Brexit for UK climate policy
... In this note we consider the implications of leaving the EU for the UK’s emissions reduction efforts. UK policy has developed over time in an EU context. The Government has stated its intention to initially convert existing EU laws into UK legislation when the UK leaves the EU. Many aspects of EU-le ...
... In this note we consider the implications of leaving the EU for the UK’s emissions reduction efforts. UK policy has developed over time in an EU context. The Government has stated its intention to initially convert existing EU laws into UK legislation when the UK leaves the EU. Many aspects of EU-le ...
2015-02-05-Zero-Carbon-Zero-Poverty-the-Climate-Justice-Way
... A carbon phase-out rapid enough to keep warming likely to stay below 2°C will require extremely ambitious mitigation action in both rich and poor countries. The risks to human rights from mitigation activities are very real, and indeed some are already being witnessed at much lower scales of mitigat ...
... A carbon phase-out rapid enough to keep warming likely to stay below 2°C will require extremely ambitious mitigation action in both rich and poor countries. The risks to human rights from mitigation activities are very real, and indeed some are already being witnessed at much lower scales of mitigat ...
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting
... According to Herrero et al. (2011), our World Watch article did not quantify the lost opportunity for carbon sequestration that results from other forms of land use, such as urban development. In fact, our World Watch article used a minimal figure for foregone carbon absorption in land set aside fo ...
... According to Herrero et al. (2011), our World Watch article did not quantify the lost opportunity for carbon sequestration that results from other forms of land use, such as urban development. In fact, our World Watch article used a minimal figure for foregone carbon absorption in land set aside fo ...
Annual report 2014
... According to SMHI, 2014 was the warmest year in Sweden since regular temperature measurements started. Sweden was not unique in this regard; 2014 was an unusually warm year around the world and the collated measurements indicate that 2014 was the warmest year in record also in the global mean. Even ...
... According to SMHI, 2014 was the warmest year in Sweden since regular temperature measurements started. Sweden was not unique in this regard; 2014 was an unusually warm year around the world and the collated measurements indicate that 2014 was the warmest year in record also in the global mean. Even ...
Wooldridge et al. 2012. GBR Safeguarding Corals Against CC
... often exceed 1 μM (typically due to terrestrial waste-water discharge) and bleach more severely during periods of thermal stress (Wagner et al. 2010). Similarly, a strong quantitative relationship exists between the bleaching threshold of inshore corals on the GBR and the degree of exposure to DIN-r ...
... often exceed 1 μM (typically due to terrestrial waste-water discharge) and bleach more severely during periods of thermal stress (Wagner et al. 2010). Similarly, a strong quantitative relationship exists between the bleaching threshold of inshore corals on the GBR and the degree of exposure to DIN-r ...
Climate Change and Water in Africa: Analysis of Knowledge Gaps
... mm year‐1. As most of Africa lies in tropical and subtropical latitudes, temperatures are high throughout the year and vary more from daytime to nighttime than during the course of the year. The diurnal range is about 10 to 15 °C, except in the deserts. Rainfall in all but the extr ...
... mm year‐1. As most of Africa lies in tropical and subtropical latitudes, temperatures are high throughout the year and vary more from daytime to nighttime than during the course of the year. The diurnal range is about 10 to 15 °C, except in the deserts. Rainfall in all but the extr ...
Prospectus for Future Research: Temperature Effects
... a disruption of cellular homeostasis, including UV radiation. This is due to the fact that UV light affects the biomolecules that block enzymatic reactions that ultimately induce the formation of ROS. Due to the stress, ROS can cause damage to membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids which can le ...
... a disruption of cellular homeostasis, including UV radiation. This is due to the fact that UV light affects the biomolecules that block enzymatic reactions that ultimately induce the formation of ROS. Due to the stress, ROS can cause damage to membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids which can le ...
How does climate change cause extinction?
... [14], the climate-related loss of host and pollinator species [15,16] and positive impacts of climate change on pathogens and competitors [17,18], among others. The relative importance of these factors is unclear and has not, to our knowledge, previously been reviewed, despite increasing interest in ...
... [14], the climate-related loss of host and pollinator species [15,16] and positive impacts of climate change on pathogens and competitors [17,18], among others. The relative importance of these factors is unclear and has not, to our knowledge, previously been reviewed, despite increasing interest in ...
Peak energy and climate change: the double bind
... environmental sinks. The chicken is now coming home to roost in the form of climate change. Local gains from environmentalism are endangered by the effects of anthropogenic climate change: higher temperatures, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, desertification, famines, etc. As a result, indu ...
... environmental sinks. The chicken is now coming home to roost in the form of climate change. Local gains from environmentalism are endangered by the effects of anthropogenic climate change: higher temperatures, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, desertification, famines, etc. As a result, indu ...
PDF
... rather than on profit records. Unlike land-use data, which are readily available from official acreage reports, reliable profit data are scarce and suffer from measurement errors. As noted by Deschênes and Greenstone (2007), the use of land value as a proxy for profit can result in biased estimates ...
... rather than on profit records. Unlike land-use data, which are readily available from official acreage reports, reliable profit data are scarce and suffer from measurement errors. As noted by Deschênes and Greenstone (2007), the use of land value as a proxy for profit can result in biased estimates ...
How does climate change cause extinction?
... [14], the climate-related loss of host and pollinator species [15,16] and positive impacts of climate change on pathogens and competitors [17,18], among others. The relative importance of these factors is unclear and has not, to our knowledge, previously been reviewed, despite increasing interest in ...
... [14], the climate-related loss of host and pollinator species [15,16] and positive impacts of climate change on pathogens and competitors [17,18], among others. The relative importance of these factors is unclear and has not, to our knowledge, previously been reviewed, despite increasing interest in ...
Why Physical Geography matters - School of Geography and the
... 8 reasons why desert dust is very important and why we need to know more about it A critical part of the linked land‐sea‐air global system ...
... 8 reasons why desert dust is very important and why we need to know more about it A critical part of the linked land‐sea‐air global system ...
The Sky`s Limit - Oil Change International
... simple: whether through climate change or stranded assets, a failure to begin a managed decline now would inevitably entail major economic and social costs. The good news is that there is already progress toward stopping new fossil fuel development. China and Indonesia have declared moratoria on new ...
... simple: whether through climate change or stranded assets, a failure to begin a managed decline now would inevitably entail major economic and social costs. The good news is that there is already progress toward stopping new fossil fuel development. China and Indonesia have declared moratoria on new ...
copenhagen, climate change `refugees` and the need for a global
... (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega‐deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate change (Kolmannskog 2008: 23). Global sea level this century is likely to rise twice as much as ...
... (Docherty and Giannini 2009: 355). The IPCC has highlighted small island states, the continent of Africa, mega‐deltas (particularly those in Asia) and the polar regions as areas most exposed to climate change (Kolmannskog 2008: 23). Global sea level this century is likely to rise twice as much as ...
Adaptation Planning and Climate Impact Assessments: Learning From NEPA’s Flaws
... information technology to make all of the EIS documents easily available and connected with geographic information systems. Public access should be a priority for adaptation assessment. • The inadequate treatment of uncertainty in impact statements. This is a key issue for adaptation because of the ...
... information technology to make all of the EIS documents easily available and connected with geographic information systems. Public access should be a priority for adaptation assessment. • The inadequate treatment of uncertainty in impact statements. This is a key issue for adaptation because of the ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2015
... Germanwatch Climate Risk Index 2015 is the 10th edition of the annual analysis. Its aim is to contextualize ongoing climate policy debates – especially the international climate talk – with realworld impacts of the last year and the last 20 years. However, it must not be mistaken for a comprehensive ...
... Germanwatch Climate Risk Index 2015 is the 10th edition of the annual analysis. Its aim is to contextualize ongoing climate policy debates – especially the international climate talk – with realworld impacts of the last year and the last 20 years. However, it must not be mistaken for a comprehensive ...
Now You “Sea” Ice, Now You Don`t
... 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
... 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
how china`s food choices can help mitigate climate change
... As the main driver of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are typically associated with fossil fuels used for energy, transportation or industry. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, thus raising the temperature of the pla ...
... As the main driver of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are typically associated with fossil fuels used for energy, transportation or industry. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, thus raising the temperature of the pla ...
INDC Chile english version
... such as health and education, improving the quality of such services remains an issue. In this regard, reducing the high levels of inequality in the Chilean economy as well as providing security to vulnerable groups with little social protection are still pending tasks. These are important challenge ...
... such as health and education, improving the quality of such services remains an issue. In this regard, reducing the high levels of inequality in the Chilean economy as well as providing security to vulnerable groups with little social protection are still pending tasks. These are important challenge ...
INTRODUCTION What can demographers contribute to the study of
... such as labor force participation, marital status, ethnicity, and religion, have also been included in such demographic models. Indeed, demography is highly relevant to the study of global environmental change since human beings are at the center of the environmental system, both as the driver of an ...
... such as labor force participation, marital status, ethnicity, and religion, have also been included in such demographic models. Indeed, demography is highly relevant to the study of global environmental change since human beings are at the center of the environmental system, both as the driver of an ...
The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global
... As evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change has increased, international efforts have focused on ways in which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed n ...
... As evidence for the link between atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change has increased, international efforts have focused on ways in which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed n ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""