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The Zodiac - Alchemical.org
The Zodiac - Alchemical.org

... ground. The Greeks first saw Cancer as a Turtle, then later as a crab. This constellation was first associated with the Sun on the Summer Solstice. It was later associated with the Moon in Alexander the Great’s time. ...
Beers_First_Stars_NIC_School
Beers_First_Stars_NIC_School

... Abstract: Numerical simulations of structure formation in the early Universe predict the formation of some fraction of stars with masses several hundred times the solar mass. No clear evidence of supernovae from such supermassive stars has, however, yet been found in the chemical compositions of Mil ...
Document
Document

... thus, at a certain point, the newly forming object becomes visible. At this stage the large luminous body is called a protostar. The other half of its gravitational energy remains within the protostar as heat. As contraction continues, the internal temperature of the protostar keeps rising, and when ...
key for the HR Diagram Lab Handout
key for the HR Diagram Lab Handout

... Geminorum have brightness of 9,000 Suns and 310 Suns respectively; these stars are much larger than Proxima and Barnard s with brightness of 0.00005 and 0.0003 Suns. The significant difference in brightness with no change in temperature means that Betelgeuse and Mu Geminorum are much larger than the ...
Science Olympiad 2008 Reach for the Stars Division B
Science Olympiad 2008 Reach for the Stars Division B

... full moon. It would also be about as bright as the full moon. 96. What event marks the beginning of a supernova? A) the onset of helium burning after a helium flash in a star with mass comparable to that of the Sun B) the sudden outpouring of X rays from a newly formed accretion disk C) the sudden c ...
5 Understanding stars and star ClUsters
5 Understanding stars and star ClUsters

... with a negative charge that orbit the atomic nucleus. Electrons must always move in distinct orbit levels. If the electron moves to the next lower orbit it loses energy and spits out a light particle (photon) of a specific color (energy). Each different atom has different color photons, which are em ...
Practice Exam for 3 rd Astronomy Exam
Practice Exam for 3 rd Astronomy Exam

... OB Association In the Milky Way Galaxy there are very many Giant Molecular Clouds (GMC). A typical GMC contains most hydrogen and helium gas and microscopic solid particles of ice and rocky material known collectively as “dust”. The typical GMC may be 300 ly in diameter and encompass 300,000 solar m ...
DTU9ePPTChap13 - Faculty Lounge : Astronomy
DTU9ePPTChap13 - Faculty Lounge : Astronomy

... (a) Intense radiation from the supernova explosion caused three rings of gas surrounding SN 1987A to glow in this HST image. This gas was ejected from the star 20,000 years before the star detonated. All three rings lie in parallel planes. The inner ring is about 1.3 ly across. The white and colored ...
Notes 6 - University of Northern Iowa
Notes 6 - University of Northern Iowa

... can be used to directly test computer models of not only the evolutionary paths of stars but also stellar pulsation models. But not all stars in this phase are pulsating stars like Cepheids or RR Lyre, so that also needs to be explained. The region of instability is relatively narrow, and star will ...
THE HR DIAGRAM
THE HR DIAGRAM

... 3. Once the core temperature reaches 10 million K, coulombic repulsion between the now ionized hydrogen atoms (protons) is overcome, and nuclear fusion commences. Hydrogen fuses to form helium nuclei, releasing energy in the process. Initially, the increased outward radiation pressure is still insu ...
Here
Here

... •Fainter systems are bluer This could be explained if small E galaxies were younger or more metalpoor than the large bright ones. ...
THE INNER CORE OF A NEUTRON STAR Part 1
THE INNER CORE OF A NEUTRON STAR Part 1

... star composition makes it so heavy that its density is at least twice the mass of Earth’s Sun. Current thinking subscribes to the possibility that a neutron star is primarily made up of almost entirely sub-atomic particles without net electrical charge. Neutron stars are very hot and are supported a ...
HD 140283: A Star in the Solar Neighborhood that Formed Shortly
HD 140283: A Star in the Solar Neighborhood that Formed Shortly

... luminosity by 0.7–1.0 Gyr (Imbriani et al. 2004). Although it is unlikely that there will be further significant revisions to basic stellar physics, because most of the ingredients of stellar ...
A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Deep Sky Objects
A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Deep Sky Objects

... Nebulae are very important in astronomy because they are the key to understanding the birth of stars. All stars, including the sun, formed from nebulae like the Orion Nebula. Astronomers have also found, however, that certain types of nebulae mark the death of stars (see slides #62 and 63). In old a ...
DP11 Foundations of Astronomy
DP11 Foundations of Astronomy

... prevent its own collapse. If it has a mass of less than 0.08 solar masses, nothing else will happen – it will contract and cool over billions of years, shining extremely faintly. It will be a brown dwarf. ...
GRB Progenitors and their environments
GRB Progenitors and their environments

... of the accretion rate onto the disk might be doable – timing in the engine. • For massive star long-duration burst progenitors, engine perturbations will be difficult to predict. But we can differentiate the surrounding environment – ongoing work on both CE and wind/LBV phases. ...
THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STARS 1
THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STARS 1

... them the universe as a whole. As it is well known, stars are formed in groups from the gravitational collapse of giant and cold clouds of molecular gas, take long episodes of production of energy through thermonuclear reactions in their interior with a length that depends on the mass, and die as hig ...
File
File

... light emitted from far nebulae are absorbed by foreground gas and dust in the space and cannot reach to the Solar System. Light emitted from nearby nebulae, where there is not much foreground gas and dust, can reach to the Solar System. Thus visible objects in the Milky Way Galaxy are located near t ...
THE SUN IS NOT AN AVERAGE STAR Sometimes biblical creation
THE SUN IS NOT AN AVERAGE STAR Sometimes biblical creation

Glossary Topics - Home - DMNS Galaxy Guide Portal
Glossary Topics - Home - DMNS Galaxy Guide Portal

... layers. Such stars also become blue and red supergiants. As they build up an iron core, they too explode as supernovae. The remaining core then begins to collapse. If the core is larger than five solar masses, collapse continues until it becomes a black hole. If the core is less than five solar mass ...
AST1100 Lecture Notes
AST1100 Lecture Notes

... When the inner core consisting mainly of neutrons becomes degenerate, the collapse is suddenly stopped, the core bounces back and an energetic shock wave is generated. This shock wave travels outwards from the core but is blocked by the massive and dense ’iron cap’, the outer core, which is in free ...
1 Stars
1 Stars

... This type of star is made almost entirely of neutrons. A neutron star has more mass than the Sun, yet it is only a few kilometers in diameter. If the core remaining after a supernova is more than about 5 times the mass of the Sun, the core collapses to become a black hole. Black holes are so dense t ...
Lec2015_22
Lec2015_22

No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Looking to the Future The participants in NUVA have realized with great concern that no firm plans exist to maintain an Ultraviolet observing capability for astrophysics for the future. This is despite the fact that the range of important astrophysical issues in astrophysics which require observatio ...
Structure of Neutron Stars
Structure of Neutron Stars

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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.If dark energy—represented by the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, or scalar fields, such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space—accelerates the expansion of the universe, then the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will stretch ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies. Stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time. According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind will disappear, leaving behind only black holes, which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation. Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.
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