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Lecture 18: Supernovae
Lecture 18: Supernovae

... Nuclei photodisintegrate into He, p, & n Protons & electrons combine into neutrons and neutrinos, neutrinos escape and carry off energy Makes the core collapse faster, as the insufficient pressure is decreased further ...
EX - Uplift North Hills Prep
EX - Uplift North Hills Prep

... (a) Explain why a star having a mass of 50 times the solar mass would be expected to have a lifetime of many times less than that of the Sun. (a) The more massive stars will have much more nuclear material (initially hydrogen). Massive stars have greater gravity so equilibrium is reached at a highe ...
Star Classification - University of Louisville
Star Classification - University of Louisville

... • Stars illuminate and nourish solar systems with energy, generating the heavy elements essential to creating life. From Earth, the stars in the night sky appear as a parcel of sparkly little diamonds of different sizes, yet otherwise, all the same. * • These "diamonds" are quite varied in fact, hav ...
Stages 12 to 14
Stages 12 to 14

File - Mr. Goodyear Astronomy
File - Mr. Goodyear Astronomy

... contact star creating other elements in star increasing fusion process. This increase energy causes an explosion-like occurrence. This cause star to lose large quantities of mass. Also during this time period star sheds off excess gas envelopes, which appears as a ring around star when viewed from a ...
Study Guide for Stars and Galaxies Quiz ANSWER KEY
Study Guide for Stars and Galaxies Quiz ANSWER KEY

... 1. Are stars usually by themselves or in groups of two or more?   Stars are usually found in groups of two (binary stars) or three (triple stars)  2. List the three types of galaxies, and give properties of each. Be able to sketch each.  a. elliptical ­ contains old stars and little gas/dust  b. irr ...
Review Astronomy - Cowley`s Earth Systems
Review Astronomy - Cowley`s Earth Systems

... b. The Big Bang Theory is less controversial in light of the new data that has been collected c. The two satellites conducted the same research but led to completely different conclusions d. The technology used for these studies was so expensive that the data collected on these missions had to be re ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... How stars form: the basic process 1. A cold cloud of gas and dust starts to contract, pulled together by gravity. It breaks up into several smaller clouds and each continues to contract. 2. Within a contracting cloud, each particle attracts every other particle, so that the cloud collapses towards ...
Stellar Evolution and the HR Diagram – Study Guide
Stellar Evolution and the HR Diagram – Study Guide

... Supernovae are the result of the death of a star that can no longer carry out fusion. All the elements that made of the star (and new ones made in the supernova explosion) are ejected as gas clouds into space where they can re-form star-building nebulas. In addition, the supernova shock wave can cau ...
The Life Cycle of a Star
The Life Cycle of a Star

... surviving core is greater than 3 solar masses, then a black hole forms. A black hole is a core so dense and massive that it will generate so much gravity that not even light can escape it. ...
Chapter19
Chapter19

... the cycle begins anew. AGB stars have thick, cool dust shells around them that absorb their visible light and re-emit it in the infrared. The gas in the planetary nebula was shed from the star while it was an AGB star. The star must be hot in order to produce ultraviolet radiation, which can ionize ...
Star Formation
Star Formation

... •  Why doesn’t the Sun’s gravity just crush it into nothing? ...
Document
Document

... Outflow velocities • Typically shell expands at 10-30 km/s • Some are much faster: the Ant nebula has an outflow velocity of about 1000 km/s ...
Lecture 13
Lecture 13

... fusing H to He in shell outside the core … but there is no H to He fusion in the core. • All stars become larger and redder after exhausting their core hydrogen fuel: giants and supergiants. • Most stars end up small and white after all fusion has ceased: white dwarfs. • The white dwarf stage is the ...
Astronomers classify stars according to their physical characteristics
Astronomers classify stars according to their physical characteristics

... •Scientists study the star’s _black_ _line _ _spectrum__ to determine what it is made of. Stars vary in their composition, but most are made of _hydrogen___, _helium___, and a small amount of _other_ _elements__. ...
Nov 2009
Nov 2009

... (h) State the two quantities that need to be measured in order to use a Cepheid variable as a “standard candle” to determine the distance to the galaxy in which the Cepheid is located. ...
The Stellar Luminosity Function
The Stellar Luminosity Function

... THE STELLAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION Moat text-books on astronomy state that the sun is a middle-sized star. This may be true when one compares it to the relative sizes of super-giants and white dwarfs. But how does the sun compare with the majority of stars? To answer this, I decided to calculate the st ...
Professor Emeritus, University of Canterbury Yevgeny Lifshitz
Professor Emeritus, University of Canterbury Yevgeny Lifshitz

... the centre of the picture, but 5 times further away. Its light forms an “Einstein ring”. This bending of light is being used to study the universe. The amount of distortion of images tells us about the total mass in any region. This is the best evidence for the existence of dark matter clustered aro ...
Groups of Stars
Groups of Stars

... Galaxies Irregular Galaxies  A small fraction of all galaxies are known as irregular galaxies. Irregular galaxies have a disorganized appearance. They have many young stars and large amounts of gas and ...
Astronomy Syllabus - Jefferson Forest High School
Astronomy Syllabus - Jefferson Forest High School

... Composition and physical properties of the interstellar medium Characteristics of emission nebulae Properties of dark interstellar clouds Theory of star formation Effect of mass on star formation Evolutionary stages followed by a Sun-like star Evolutionary stages of high-mass and low mass stars Type ...
File
File

... original size and it cools down. The outer layers of the star begin to expand far out into space. As the outer layers expand, they get farther away from the core and cool down. What color are cool stars? Yep, red! That is why, in this stage of a star’s life, it is called a “red giant”. ...
Star and Sun Properties
Star and Sun Properties

... Day 1: What Are Stars?  A star is a large celestial body that is composed of hot gas and that emits light; the sun is a typical star • The Sun, our closest star, is 93 million miles from Earth. • The next closest star is 4.3 lighter years away. • By mass, the Sun is 71 % Hydrogen, 27% helium and t ...
Earths Place in the Universe
Earths Place in the Universe

Light, spectra, Doppler shifts
Light, spectra, Doppler shifts

... idealized black bodies. A hotter object produces more light at every wavelength. Also, hotter objects produce more light at a higher average energy. ...
Light, spectra, Doppler shifts
Light, spectra, Doppler shifts

... idealized black bodies. A hotter object produces more light at every wavelength. Also, hotter objects produce more light at a higher average energy. ...
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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.If dark energy—represented by the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, or scalar fields, such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space—accelerates the expansion of the universe, then the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will stretch ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies. Stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time. According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind will disappear, leaving behind only black holes, which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation. Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.
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