OPIOID ANALGESICS
... MOA OF MORPHINE Certain opioid receptors are located on primary afferent and spinal cord pain transmission neurons(ascending pathways) and on neurons in the midbrain and medulla(descending pathways) that ...
... MOA OF MORPHINE Certain opioid receptors are located on primary afferent and spinal cord pain transmission neurons(ascending pathways) and on neurons in the midbrain and medulla(descending pathways) that ...
Affective and Anxiety Disorders
... ◦ 2X greater prevalence in women than men ◦ estimated only ~ 50% receive specific treatment ◦ increased rate of and suicide attempts ...
... ◦ 2X greater prevalence in women than men ◦ estimated only ~ 50% receive specific treatment ◦ increased rate of and suicide attempts ...
Twisting arms to angiotensin receptor blockers/antagonists: the turn
... not increase cancers as compared with ramipril. In the studies comparing telmisartan with placebo (TRANSCEND and the PROFESS), cancer rates were equivalent. These observations raise reasonable doubts in the interpretation, also in view of the fact that the rates of new cancers in these studies were ...
... not increase cancers as compared with ramipril. In the studies comparing telmisartan with placebo (TRANSCEND and the PROFESS), cancer rates were equivalent. These observations raise reasonable doubts in the interpretation, also in view of the fact that the rates of new cancers in these studies were ...
Cardiovascular Drugs
... enzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. As a consequence, it reduce the metabolism of certain drugs e.g. anticoagulants. The anticoagulant effects of warfarin is significantly increased when amiodarone is added. 2-Flecainide concentrations increase by an average of 60% with concomitant amiodarone therapy. it is ...
... enzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. As a consequence, it reduce the metabolism of certain drugs e.g. anticoagulants. The anticoagulant effects of warfarin is significantly increased when amiodarone is added. 2-Flecainide concentrations increase by an average of 60% with concomitant amiodarone therapy. it is ...
“Natural” Hormone Replacement Therapy
... patches & gels). There does not appear to be any published studies specifically on Triest cream. MThe role of estriol: The estrone and estradiol components of triest cream have well recognized estrogenic effects, while estriol has very weak and short acting estrogenic effects. Its highly promoted be ...
... patches & gels). There does not appear to be any published studies specifically on Triest cream. MThe role of estriol: The estrone and estradiol components of triest cream have well recognized estrogenic effects, while estriol has very weak and short acting estrogenic effects. Its highly promoted be ...
24 slides
... Carmichael, W.W. Health effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria: “The cyanoHABs.” Hum. Ecol Risk Assessment 7: 1393-1407, 2001. Cox, P.A., S.A. Banack, S.J. Murch et al. Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce B-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102: 5074-5078, ...
... Carmichael, W.W. Health effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria: “The cyanoHABs.” Hum. Ecol Risk Assessment 7: 1393-1407, 2001. Cox, P.A., S.A. Banack, S.J. Murch et al. Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce B-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102: 5074-5078, ...
Karen R. Hurd Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements
... are a number of issues that limit tamoxifen's effectiveness related to the effects of tamoxifen in other tissues. Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen in the uterus, which increases the risk of uterine disorders involving growth of cells (proliferative action) in women taking the drug. In addition, tamoxif ...
... are a number of issues that limit tamoxifen's effectiveness related to the effects of tamoxifen in other tissues. Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen in the uterus, which increases the risk of uterine disorders involving growth of cells (proliferative action) in women taking the drug. In addition, tamoxif ...
Antidepressant
... monoamine release arise via a variety of mechanisms (monoamine oxidase inhibition, reuptake blockade, presynaptic or somatodendritic autoreceptor downregulation), and result in activation of a range of post-synaptic receptors that are coupled to ‘second messenger’ signal transduction mechanisms. Act ...
... monoamine release arise via a variety of mechanisms (monoamine oxidase inhibition, reuptake blockade, presynaptic or somatodendritic autoreceptor downregulation), and result in activation of a range of post-synaptic receptors that are coupled to ‘second messenger’ signal transduction mechanisms. Act ...
GENERAL ANESTHETICS INHALATION ANESTHETICS
... Distribution: All over, but esp. in the head (in general) and the base of the brain (specific) Receptor effector mechanisms (opioid receptors): G protein-linked, inhibition adenylyl cyclase, activation of K+ channels, suppression of voltage-gated Ca++ channels Leads to blockade of NT release (e. ...
... Distribution: All over, but esp. in the head (in general) and the base of the brain (specific) Receptor effector mechanisms (opioid receptors): G protein-linked, inhibition adenylyl cyclase, activation of K+ channels, suppression of voltage-gated Ca++ channels Leads to blockade of NT release (e. ...
Biological interactions in fish stocks: models and reality
... form a large-scale model representing the ecosystem. Such models are generally termed multispecies models, but usually the primary interaction between species is via predation. The purpose of multispecies modelling is manifold: 1. As a tool for formal testing of whether or not certain interactions o ...
... form a large-scale model representing the ecosystem. Such models are generally termed multispecies models, but usually the primary interaction between species is via predation. The purpose of multispecies modelling is manifold: 1. As a tool for formal testing of whether or not certain interactions o ...
document
... On April 12, 2004, a final rule went into effect prohibiting the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (ephedra). Ephedra, also called Ma huang, is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants. Its principal active ingredient is ephedrine, which when chemically synthesize ...
... On April 12, 2004, a final rule went into effect prohibiting the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (ephedra). Ephedra, also called Ma huang, is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants. Its principal active ingredient is ephedrine, which when chemically synthesize ...
presentation source
... • Octreotide. This is a synthetic somatostatin given by im or subcutaneous injection three times daily (reserved for those in whom surgery or bromocriptine are unsuccessful or inappropriate). A new depot formulation of octreotide for im injection (Sandostatin LAR) needs to be given only monthly. ...
... • Octreotide. This is a synthetic somatostatin given by im or subcutaneous injection three times daily (reserved for those in whom surgery or bromocriptine are unsuccessful or inappropriate). A new depot formulation of octreotide for im injection (Sandostatin LAR) needs to be given only monthly. ...
Adrenergic Drugs - Nursing Pharmacology
... Salmeterol is appropriate for prevention of bronchospasms. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that is not effective for acute bronchospasms. Advair Diskus is used for daily maintenance, not acute exacerbations. ...
... Salmeterol is appropriate for prevention of bronchospasms. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that is not effective for acute bronchospasms. Advair Diskus is used for daily maintenance, not acute exacerbations. ...
Drug Interactions with Tobacco Smoke
... TOBACCO CESSATION TOOLKIT Resources for healthcare professionals ...
... TOBACCO CESSATION TOOLKIT Resources for healthcare professionals ...
stu narcotic analg..
... Biochemical mechanism postulated to explain morphine tolerance and dependence. Morphine inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thus reducing cAMP formation (green line). A secondary rise in adenylyl cyclase expression occurs (red line), so that cAMP production recovers in the presence of morphine (i.e. toleran ...
... Biochemical mechanism postulated to explain morphine tolerance and dependence. Morphine inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thus reducing cAMP formation (green line). A secondary rise in adenylyl cyclase expression occurs (red line), so that cAMP production recovers in the presence of morphine (i.e. toleran ...
Paracetamol self poisoning_ahd (Specific toxin)
... • 200 ml 5% dextrose i.v. infusion 50mg/kg over 4 hours • 500ml of 5% dextrose 100mg/kg over 16 hours • 1L of 5% dextrose ...
... • 200 ml 5% dextrose i.v. infusion 50mg/kg over 4 hours • 500ml of 5% dextrose 100mg/kg over 16 hours • 1L of 5% dextrose ...
Pharm 22, 23- Drugs for Affective Disorders Depression
... Therefore, it will not block the withdrawal syndrome often seen with cessation of therapy with these drugs Benzodiazepines Benzene ring (benzo) joined to a 7-member ring with two nitrogen molecules (diazepine) MOA: facilitate the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
... Therefore, it will not block the withdrawal syndrome often seen with cessation of therapy with these drugs Benzodiazepines Benzene ring (benzo) joined to a 7-member ring with two nitrogen molecules (diazepine) MOA: facilitate the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
Week 8
... inhalation and last for < 30 minutes but effect is intense and similar to LSD effect. ...
... inhalation and last for < 30 minutes but effect is intense and similar to LSD effect. ...
Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs
... been proposed that the slow inactivation pathway is more prominent during prolonged depolarisation, as might be expected during epileptiform discharges. Calcium channels. Voltage-gated calcium channels represent another important target for several antiepileptic agents. The efficacy of ethosuximide ...
... been proposed that the slow inactivation pathway is more prominent during prolonged depolarisation, as might be expected during epileptiform discharges. Calcium channels. Voltage-gated calcium channels represent another important target for several antiepileptic agents. The efficacy of ethosuximide ...
CNS pharmacology
... • It is a disease that affects 1% of the world’s popula=on (1/100) • It is a disease that affects men and women equally • It is a disease of the brain (disturbed thinking) • Has a gene=c co ...
... • It is a disease that affects 1% of the world’s popula=on (1/100) • It is a disease that affects men and women equally • It is a disease of the brain (disturbed thinking) • Has a gene=c co ...
San Francisco Designer Drug that was supposed to mimic heroin
... immune system effects histamine release ...
... immune system effects histamine release ...
NV and antidiarrheal drugs
... caused by cytotoxic anticancer drugs where they are considered drugs of choice. 2) Postoperative vomiting; radiation-induced vomiting. Side Effects: Constipation Does metoclopromide antagonize 5-HT3 receptors? Yes, that is why it surpassed promethazines. E) Cannabinoids (e.g. nabilone) for vomiting ...
... caused by cytotoxic anticancer drugs where they are considered drugs of choice. 2) Postoperative vomiting; radiation-induced vomiting. Side Effects: Constipation Does metoclopromide antagonize 5-HT3 receptors? Yes, that is why it surpassed promethazines. E) Cannabinoids (e.g. nabilone) for vomiting ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.