Astronomy 1 Study Guide Key 16
... 7. A galaxy is a collection of stars. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. 8. It has many solar systems with in its arms. At the center of our spiral galaxy is a black hole, so our galaxy is also called a quasar. Stars Be able to read an H-R diagram. ...
... 7. A galaxy is a collection of stars. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. 8. It has many solar systems with in its arms. At the center of our spiral galaxy is a black hole, so our galaxy is also called a quasar. Stars Be able to read an H-R diagram. ...
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Astronomy Project Purpose: To
... Requirements: For each star that is chosen, the following must be completed along with it. Example: if you work in groups of 3, then you will have three sets of data for each of the stars you chose. 1.) Determine the stars temperature in Celsius and Kelvin 2.) With the provided formula, determine th ...
... Requirements: For each star that is chosen, the following must be completed along with it. Example: if you work in groups of 3, then you will have three sets of data for each of the stars you chose. 1.) Determine the stars temperature in Celsius and Kelvin 2.) With the provided formula, determine th ...
The Sun and Other Stars
... 0.7% of mass is converted into energy when hydrogen becomes helium; fusion occurs only in the core, not outer areas. • Our sun contains 8.9 x 1056 hydrogen atoms, and fuses 3.7 x 1038 every second! • This results in 4 million metric tons of matter being converted into energy every second! • Larger s ...
... 0.7% of mass is converted into energy when hydrogen becomes helium; fusion occurs only in the core, not outer areas. • Our sun contains 8.9 x 1056 hydrogen atoms, and fuses 3.7 x 1038 every second! • This results in 4 million metric tons of matter being converted into energy every second! • Larger s ...
red shift blue shift
... A black hole can result from the death of a supergiant star. The event horizon is the boundary that marks the “point of no return” for a black hole. Also thought of as the size of the black hole. There is a super-massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. ...
... A black hole can result from the death of a supergiant star. The event horizon is the boundary that marks the “point of no return” for a black hole. Also thought of as the size of the black hole. There is a super-massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. ...
Stars and Galaxies
... have a life cycle and evolve over time. The mass of a star controls its Evolution Lifespan Ultimate fate (how it dies) ...
... have a life cycle and evolve over time. The mass of a star controls its Evolution Lifespan Ultimate fate (how it dies) ...
THE HR DIAGRAM
... diagrams of a single star cluster are used to determine factors about that cluster such as the type of stars in the cluster and the distance or age of the cluster. When examining a general HR diagram, notice that the stars are clumped into several groups. The broad line of stars extending from the u ...
... diagrams of a single star cluster are used to determine factors about that cluster such as the type of stars in the cluster and the distance or age of the cluster. When examining a general HR diagram, notice that the stars are clumped into several groups. The broad line of stars extending from the u ...
Sample Exam Questions
... a) Earth ... degenerate electrons b) Stillwater ... degenerate electrons c) Earth ... normal gas ions and electrons d) Stillwater ... nuclear fission 26. Single stars ten times more massive than the Sun will eventually explode as a) novae b) supergiants c) supernovae d) emission nebulae 27. It is po ...
... a) Earth ... degenerate electrons b) Stillwater ... degenerate electrons c) Earth ... normal gas ions and electrons d) Stillwater ... nuclear fission 26. Single stars ten times more massive than the Sun will eventually explode as a) novae b) supergiants c) supernovae d) emission nebulae 27. It is po ...
Part 2 Answer Key
... Star Clusters are multiple star systems bound together by the force of gravity. Star Clusters can be divided into two main groups. One group is called Globular Clusters. They contain many stars and gravity holds them tightly together. They swarm just outside the galaxy and form a halo or bulge. We k ...
... Star Clusters are multiple star systems bound together by the force of gravity. Star Clusters can be divided into two main groups. One group is called Globular Clusters. They contain many stars and gravity holds them tightly together. They swarm just outside the galaxy and form a halo or bulge. We k ...
Type II supernova
A Type II supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least 8 times, and no more than 40–50 times, the mass of the Sun (M☉) for this type of explosion. It is distinguished from other types of supernovae by the presence of hydrogen in its spectrum. Type II supernovae are mainly observed in the spiral arms of galaxies and in H II regions, but not in elliptical galaxies.Stars generate energy by the nuclear fusion of elements. Unlike the Sun, massive stars possess the mass needed to fuse elements that have an atomic mass greater than hydrogen and helium, albeit at increasingly higher temperatures and pressures, causing increasingly shorter stellar life spans. The degeneracy pressure of electrons and the energy generated by these fusion reactions are sufficient to counter the force of gravity and prevent the star from collapsing, maintaining stellar equilibrium. The star fuses increasingly higher mass elements, starting with hydrogen and then helium, progressing up through the periodic table until a core of iron and nickel is produced. Fusion of iron or nickel produces no net energy output, so no further fusion can take place, leaving the nickel-iron core inert. Due to the lack of energy output allowing outward pressure, equilibrium is broken.When the mass of the inert core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.4 M☉, electron degeneracy alone is no longer sufficient to counter gravity and maintain stellar equilibrium. A cataclysmic implosion takes place within seconds, in which the outer core reaches an inward velocity of up to 23% of the speed of light and the inner core reaches temperatures of up to 100 billion kelvin. Neutrons and neutrinos are formed via reversed beta-decay, releasing about 1046 joules (100 foes) in a ten-second burst. The collapse is halted by neutron degeneracy, causing the implosion to rebound and bounce outward. The energy of this expanding shock wave is sufficient to accelerate the surrounding stellar material to escape velocity, forming a supernova explosion, while the shock wave and extremely high temperature and pressure briefly allow for theproduction of elements heavier than iron. Depending on initial size of the star, the remnants of the core form a neutron star or a black hole. Because of the underlying mechanism, the resulting nova is also described as a core-collapse supernova.There exist several categories of Type II supernova explosions, which are categorized based on the resulting light curve—a graph of luminosity versus time—following the explosion. Type II-L supernovae show a steady (linear) decline of the light curve following the explosion, whereas Type II-P display a period of slower decline (a plateau) in their light curve followed by a normal decay. Type Ib and Ic supernovae are a type of core-collapse supernova for a massive star that has shed its outer envelope of hydrogen and (for Type Ic) helium. As a result, they appear to be lacking in these elements.