Organism Relationships Vocabulary
... Biotic factors- a living or once living part of an organism’s habitat Abiotic factors- a nonliving part of an organism’s habitat Population-all the members of one species living in the same area Niche- how an organism makes its living and interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in its habitat ...
... Biotic factors- a living or once living part of an organism’s habitat Abiotic factors- a nonliving part of an organism’s habitat Population-all the members of one species living in the same area Niche- how an organism makes its living and interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in its habitat ...
Aschelminths
... Rotifers are microscopic roundworms found in freshwater. Can be found living independently or colonially. The coolest thing about rotifers, is that males are very rare or nonexistent! This means that the females reproduce by parthenogenesis. (They don’t need a male rotifer to get pregnant!) ...
... Rotifers are microscopic roundworms found in freshwater. Can be found living independently or colonially. The coolest thing about rotifers, is that males are very rare or nonexistent! This means that the females reproduce by parthenogenesis. (They don’t need a male rotifer to get pregnant!) ...
Conflicts over host manipulation between different parasites and
... water column. These changes are assumed to facilitate trophic transmission to their respective hosts. Hosts with both parasites occur in intermediate water depths, whilst their photophobia is similarly reduced as that of hosts infected by the fish parasite. The fish parasite was also the stronger ma ...
... water column. These changes are assumed to facilitate trophic transmission to their respective hosts. Hosts with both parasites occur in intermediate water depths, whilst their photophobia is similarly reduced as that of hosts infected by the fish parasite. The fish parasite was also the stronger ma ...
Eaten alive: cannibalism is enhanced by parasites
... [9–11]. In particular, parasites can modify the rate of predatory interactions [12,13] as well as alter the vulnerability of infected hosts to predation [9,14]. Parasitism, we propose, may therefore also be an important determinant in cannibalistic interactions with implications for population struc ...
... [9–11]. In particular, parasites can modify the rate of predatory interactions [12,13] as well as alter the vulnerability of infected hosts to predation [9,14]. Parasitism, we propose, may therefore also be an important determinant in cannibalistic interactions with implications for population struc ...
Relationships between organisms
... – (If there is a decrease in the amount of prey, there will soon be a decrease in the amount of predators). – (If there is an increase in the amount of prey, there will soon be an increase in the amount of predators). ...
... – (If there is a decrease in the amount of prey, there will soon be a decrease in the amount of predators). – (If there is an increase in the amount of prey, there will soon be an increase in the amount of predators). ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... of amphibian populations worldwide has been well studied (Voyles et al., 2009), leading to a great deal of publicity. The kingdom Eumycota groups the following four divisions: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota (James et al., 2006), but also include a particular group of micr ...
... of amphibian populations worldwide has been well studied (Voyles et al., 2009), leading to a great deal of publicity. The kingdom Eumycota groups the following four divisions: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota (James et al., 2006), but also include a particular group of micr ...
Host ontogeny and the temporal decay of similarity in parasite
... per size class, for each of the three host species, are available in Supplementary Tables S1–3. In each of the three fish species, the parasite community was dominated by one or a few parasite species that had a more important influence on similarity values than other species. In C. guatucupa, the lar ...
... per size class, for each of the three host species, are available in Supplementary Tables S1–3. In each of the three fish species, the parasite community was dominated by one or a few parasite species that had a more important influence on similarity values than other species. In C. guatucupa, the lar ...
Johnson et al. 2014 heterogeneity
... within their hosts, leading Poulin (2007) to refer to aggregation as one of the few ‘general laws’ in parasite ecology. Mechanistically, heterogeneity in infection load results from variation in host exposure and host susceptibility (Wilson et al. 2001). These drivers are often further divided into ...
... within their hosts, leading Poulin (2007) to refer to aggregation as one of the few ‘general laws’ in parasite ecology. Mechanistically, heterogeneity in infection load results from variation in host exposure and host susceptibility (Wilson et al. 2001). These drivers are often further divided into ...
Chapter 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
... o ____________________- the relationship in which one of the organism ______________, but the other one is neither _________________ nor __________________ For example: The relationships between clownfish and sea anemones. Clownfish swim among the stinging tentacles of sea anemones without harm. T ...
... o ____________________- the relationship in which one of the organism ______________, but the other one is neither _________________ nor __________________ For example: The relationships between clownfish and sea anemones. Clownfish swim among the stinging tentacles of sea anemones without harm. T ...
From determinants of parasite species richness to - Agritrop
... only for protozoan parasites in Primates. Interestingly, the recent discovery of new Plasmodium species in tropical primates and the potential risks for humans are in favour of non-human primate origins of Plasmodium falciparum in lower but species-rich latitude (Rayner et al., 2011). Bordes et al. ...
... only for protozoan parasites in Primates. Interestingly, the recent discovery of new Plasmodium species in tropical primates and the potential risks for humans are in favour of non-human primate origins of Plasmodium falciparum in lower but species-rich latitude (Rayner et al., 2011). Bordes et al. ...
Chemicals in Host-Parasitoid and Prey-Predator Relations
... prey–predator relations, it is necessary first to comment on some general features of predators and parasitoids, and of their interaction with their prey and hosts. Predators are found in all parts of the animal kingdom and they follow different strategies for securing prey: to pursue (lions, cheeta ...
... prey–predator relations, it is necessary first to comment on some general features of predators and parasitoids, and of their interaction with their prey and hosts. Predators are found in all parts of the animal kingdom and they follow different strategies for securing prey: to pursue (lions, cheeta ...
Ecology - yayscienceclass
... http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpg http://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm ...
... http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpg http://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm ...
defence: what does theory tell us? The role of ecological feedbacks
... parasites that carry the virulent allele as it can then infect a wider range of host genotypes. Similarly, there is an advantage for hosts that carry the resistant allele. If there are no costs to virulence or resistance, then these two alleles will evolve to fixation. If there is a cost to resistan ...
... parasites that carry the virulent allele as it can then infect a wider range of host genotypes. Similarly, there is an advantage for hosts that carry the resistant allele. If there are no costs to virulence or resistance, then these two alleles will evolve to fixation. If there is a cost to resistan ...
Ant mutualisms
... An inherent feature of coevolution We often think of “arms races” as occurring between predators and prey, or between parasites and hosts – this makes intuitive sense But it is not really that different in mutualists – each mutualist will be best adapted when it receives the maximum benefit while pa ...
... An inherent feature of coevolution We often think of “arms races” as occurring between predators and prey, or between parasites and hosts – this makes intuitive sense But it is not really that different in mutualists – each mutualist will be best adapted when it receives the maximum benefit while pa ...
Why infectious disease research needs community ecology
... surprises” (20). Recent examples include the unexpected amplification of MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronavirus in internationally traded camels, and increased contact between badgers and cattle after implementation of badger culling, ultimately leading to increased rather than decrease ...
... surprises” (20). Recent examples include the unexpected amplification of MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronavirus in internationally traded camels, and increased contact between badgers and cattle after implementation of badger culling, ultimately leading to increased rather than decrease ...
Why infectious disease research needs community ecology
... surprises” (20). Recent examples include the unexpected amplification of MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronavirus in internationally traded camels, and increased contact between badgers and cattle after implementation of badger culling, ultimately leading to increased rather than decrease ...
... surprises” (20). Recent examples include the unexpected amplification of MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronavirus in internationally traded camels, and increased contact between badgers and cattle after implementation of badger culling, ultimately leading to increased rather than decrease ...
Oct 12 Lecture 12 Evolution of Virulence
... Many observations are consistent with the conventional wisdom: Legionnaire’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola fever, and SARS are consequences of human infection with symbionts of other species that have recently jumped into humans ...
... Many observations are consistent with the conventional wisdom: Legionnaire’s disease, Lyme disease, Ebola fever, and SARS are consequences of human infection with symbionts of other species that have recently jumped into humans ...
28 - McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
... 1. Resident microbiota multiply on or in the skin; transients usually are unable to multiply on skin; most skin bacteria are found on superficial cells, colonizing dead cells, or closely associated with oil and sweat glands 2. Skin surface varies from one part of the body to another and generally is ...
... 1. Resident microbiota multiply on or in the skin; transients usually are unable to multiply on skin; most skin bacteria are found on superficial cells, colonizing dead cells, or closely associated with oil and sweat glands 2. Skin surface varies from one part of the body to another and generally is ...
Lecture Notes
... Foraging Ecology A) All organisms are consumers and victims of consumers. Consumers can be classified into groups characterized by the ways that each uses resources to obtain energy for their own growth and reproduction. These groups are: Predators: capture, kill and remove prey from populations. Ho ...
... Foraging Ecology A) All organisms are consumers and victims of consumers. Consumers can be classified into groups characterized by the ways that each uses resources to obtain energy for their own growth and reproduction. These groups are: Predators: capture, kill and remove prey from populations. Ho ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2008). Standing populations of livestock in 2007 were estimated at 1.43 billion cattle, 1.87 billion sheep and goats, 0.98 billion pigs and 19.6 billion chickens, with average yearly increases of 5.1% and 3.6% in developing country meat and dairy sectors, respectively, since 1970 (WHO ...
... 2008). Standing populations of livestock in 2007 were estimated at 1.43 billion cattle, 1.87 billion sheep and goats, 0.98 billion pigs and 19.6 billion chickens, with average yearly increases of 5.1% and 3.6% in developing country meat and dairy sectors, respectively, since 1970 (WHO ...
Keeping the herds healthy and alert - People
... population and thereby prevented from spreading disease. Mathematical models were used to characterize the circumstances in which parasites can become more harmful to host species after predators have been eliminated or reduced. It was assumed that predator abundance is decoupled from prey densities ...
... population and thereby prevented from spreading disease. Mathematical models were used to characterize the circumstances in which parasites can become more harmful to host species after predators have been eliminated or reduced. It was assumed that predator abundance is decoupled from prey densities ...
Chapter 12
... Chapter 14 1. A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a a) predator. b) parasite. c) parasitoid. d) cannibal. e) debilitator. Answer: B 2. An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________. Answer: pathogen 3. A “negatively phototaxic” amphipo ...
... Chapter 14 1. A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a a) predator. b) parasite. c) parasitoid. d) cannibal. e) debilitator. Answer: B 2. An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________. Answer: pathogen 3. A “negatively phototaxic” amphipo ...
Biological Control Agents - Orchids
... hosts, show a high degree of specialization, and also reproduce at a faster rate. Micro-Parasites, such as viruses and bacteria, can be directly transmitted between hosts of the same species. Parasitoids are parasitic organisms that spend part of their life cycle attached to or inside a single host. ...
... hosts, show a high degree of specialization, and also reproduce at a faster rate. Micro-Parasites, such as viruses and bacteria, can be directly transmitted between hosts of the same species. Parasitoids are parasitic organisms that spend part of their life cycle attached to or inside a single host. ...
Interactions Among Living Things Listening Bingo
... A niche includes the type of food the organism eats, how it obtains this food, and which other organisms use the organism as food. A niche also includes when and how the organism reproduces and the physical conditions that it requires to survive. ...
... A niche includes the type of food the organism eats, how it obtains this food, and which other organisms use the organism as food. A niche also includes when and how the organism reproduces and the physical conditions that it requires to survive. ...
Parasitism
In biology/ecology, parasitism is a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. Traditionally parasite (in biological usage) referred primarily to organisms visible to the naked eye, or macroparasites (such as helminths). Parasite now includes microparasites, which are typically smaller, such as protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Examples of parasites include the plants mistletoe and cuscuta, and animals such as hookworms.Unlike predators, parasites typically do not kill their host, are generally much smaller than their host, and will often live in or on their host for an extended period. Both are special cases of consumer-resource interactions. Parasites show a high degree of specialization, and reproduce at a faster rate than their hosts. Classic examples of parasitism include interactions between vertebrate hosts and tapeworms, flukes, the Plasmodium species, and fleas. Parasitism differs from the parasitoid relationship in that parasitoids generally kill their hosts.Parasites reduce host biological fitness by general or specialized pathology, such as parasitic castration and impairment of secondary sex characteristics, to the modification of host behavior. Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, e.g. food, water, heat, habitat, and transmission. Although parasitism applies unambiguously to many cases, it is part of a continuum of types of interactions between species, rather than an exclusive category. In many cases, it is difficult to demonstrate harm to the host. In others, there may be no apparent specialization on the part of the parasite, or the interaction between the organisms may remain short-lived.