![species interactions in intertidal food webs: prey or predation](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005803190_1-f50a47a51f4db2f35846a2ab4ed2f952-300x300.png)
Trophic studies on constructed "restored" oyster reefs
... Oyster reef restoration has begun in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay as a collaborative effort between the Shellfish Replenishment Program of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). It is timely to examine trophic interactions o ...
... Oyster reef restoration has begun in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay as a collaborative effort between the Shellfish Replenishment Program of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). It is timely to examine trophic interactions o ...
Peckarsky et al. (2008) - Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
... populations during the ‘‘low phase’’ of the cycle when predator densities are low (Cary and Keith 1979, Boonstra et al. 1998b). The observation that hare fecundity remains low for several years following periods of high predator density (Keith 1990, Stefan and Krebs 2001) suggests that females survi ...
... populations during the ‘‘low phase’’ of the cycle when predator densities are low (Cary and Keith 1979, Boonstra et al. 1998b). The observation that hare fecundity remains low for several years following periods of high predator density (Keith 1990, Stefan and Krebs 2001) suggests that females survi ...
Oyster Reef Communities in the Chesapeake Bay: A Brief Primer
... the amount of shell surface area on the reef in contrast to the surface area of the flat bottom. Note the many “canyons” or channels created between mounds: these are excellent places for hungry fish to cruise through and look for food! ...
... the amount of shell surface area on the reef in contrast to the surface area of the flat bottom. Note the many “canyons” or channels created between mounds: these are excellent places for hungry fish to cruise through and look for food! ...
Alpine Biodiversity in Europe: An Introduction
... coping with alpine conditions These include cold hardiness, supercooling or, rarely, tolerance of freezing, anaerobiosis in response to ice crusting, increased rates of metabolism, and resistance to desiccation. Some specialists make use of winter habitat differences resulting from uneven snow cover ...
... coping with alpine conditions These include cold hardiness, supercooling or, rarely, tolerance of freezing, anaerobiosis in response to ice crusting, increased rates of metabolism, and resistance to desiccation. Some specialists make use of winter habitat differences resulting from uneven snow cover ...
Cold seep benthic communities in Japan subduction zones: spatial
... modes are clearly associated with active seeps: scavenging and predatory fish and crustaceans, deposit-feeding gastropods and holothurians, suspension-feeding polychaetes and anemones. The presence of these other organisms, as well as the variable presence of bivalves and Vestimentifera, invokes que ...
... modes are clearly associated with active seeps: scavenging and predatory fish and crustaceans, deposit-feeding gastropods and holothurians, suspension-feeding polychaetes and anemones. The presence of these other organisms, as well as the variable presence of bivalves and Vestimentifera, invokes que ...
Climate change and unequal phenological changes
... the early fledglings gain enough experience to escape predation before predation pressure reaches its peak (Fig. 1d). The passerines in this example may advance their phenology in synchrony with their food, but still experience a change in selection pressure from the higher trophic level (top-down), ...
... the early fledglings gain enough experience to escape predation before predation pressure reaches its peak (Fig. 1d). The passerines in this example may advance their phenology in synchrony with their food, but still experience a change in selection pressure from the higher trophic level (top-down), ...
Food Web Stability: The Influence of Trophic Flows across Habitats
... recently found that food web dynamics were stabilized by weak to moderate amounts of trophic omnivory, one component of multichannel omnivory. They did not, however, examine the influence of other types of multichannel omnivory on food web dynamics. In this article, we address this problem by extend ...
... recently found that food web dynamics were stabilized by weak to moderate amounts of trophic omnivory, one component of multichannel omnivory. They did not, however, examine the influence of other types of multichannel omnivory on food web dynamics. In this article, we address this problem by extend ...
Physiological Ecology of Rocky Intertidal Organisms: A Synergy of Concepts L T *
... force, have not been elucidated but are likely to significantly constrain reproductive output (Carrington, this volume). The assumed gradient in multiple physical factors, (e.g., temperature, aerial exposure, time for feeding, wave conditions, etc.) along the transition from the subtidal towards the ...
... force, have not been elucidated but are likely to significantly constrain reproductive output (Carrington, this volume). The assumed gradient in multiple physical factors, (e.g., temperature, aerial exposure, time for feeding, wave conditions, etc.) along the transition from the subtidal towards the ...
Biology Fall Semester An open source text edited by MPS teachers
... http://creativecommons.org/licenses/byncsa/3.0/legalcode Prior to making this book publicly available, we have reviewed its contents extensively to determine the correct ownership of the material and obtain the appropriate licenses to make the material available. We will promptly remove any material ...
... http://creativecommons.org/licenses/byncsa/3.0/legalcode Prior to making this book publicly available, we have reviewed its contents extensively to determine the correct ownership of the material and obtain the appropriate licenses to make the material available. We will promptly remove any material ...
Physiological Ecology of Rocky Intertidal Organisms: A
... force, have not been elucidated but are likely to significantly constrain reproductive output (Carrington, this volume). The assumed gradient in multiple physical factors, (e.g., temperature, aerial exposure, time for feeding, wave conditions, etc.) along the transition from the subtidal towards the ...
... force, have not been elucidated but are likely to significantly constrain reproductive output (Carrington, this volume). The assumed gradient in multiple physical factors, (e.g., temperature, aerial exposure, time for feeding, wave conditions, etc.) along the transition from the subtidal towards the ...
Chapter 1
... As the herbivores eat plants and secondary consumers eat herbivores and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers, the energy flows through the ecosystem from plants to herbivores to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers. Each time an animal eats a plant, it takes the energy within that plant ...
... As the herbivores eat plants and secondary consumers eat herbivores and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers, the energy flows through the ecosystem from plants to herbivores to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers. Each time an animal eats a plant, it takes the energy within that plant ...
Test 2 Ch 3 and 4.2 - Kenton County Schools
... ____ 15. Only ____ percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. a. 100 c. 10 b. 50 d. 0 ____ 16. What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonium? a. nitrogen fixation c. decomposition b. excretion d. denitrification ____ 1 ...
... ____ 15. Only ____ percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. a. 100 c. 10 b. 50 d. 0 ____ 16. What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonium? a. nitrogen fixation c. decomposition b. excretion d. denitrification ____ 1 ...
Asian Carp: Huge Fish with Huge Impacts
... The Fish and Wildlife Service is also leading the development of a National Management and Control Plan for Asian carp. The Plan should be completed by the end of 2004, and will provide coordinated direction for prevention, management, and control activities targeted at Asian carp. ...
... The Fish and Wildlife Service is also leading the development of a National Management and Control Plan for Asian carp. The Plan should be completed by the end of 2004, and will provide coordinated direction for prevention, management, and control activities targeted at Asian carp. ...
Evaluating the effect of predation mortality on forage species
... Fogarty and Murawski, 1998; Garrison and Link, 2000; Link et al., 2002). Although those changes have been documented in detail elsewhere, briefly, the NEUS ecosystem has experienced a decline in pelagic fish, a decline in groundfish, an increase in elasmobranchs, and a more recent recovery of pelagi ...
... Fogarty and Murawski, 1998; Garrison and Link, 2000; Link et al., 2002). Although those changes have been documented in detail elsewhere, briefly, the NEUS ecosystem has experienced a decline in pelagic fish, a decline in groundfish, an increase in elasmobranchs, and a more recent recovery of pelagi ...
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents: Canada`s First Marine Protected Area.
... ecozones. British Columbia has the Pacific Marine ecozone which begins at the BC Coast and is defined by cold Arctic waters to the north. 10. endemic – found no where else on earth. Unique or limited to one place or habitat type on earth. 11. environmental impact – the effect, usually negative, of h ...
... ecozones. British Columbia has the Pacific Marine ecozone which begins at the BC Coast and is defined by cold Arctic waters to the north. 10. endemic – found no where else on earth. Unique or limited to one place or habitat type on earth. 11. environmental impact – the effect, usually negative, of h ...
Venerupis philippinarum, Japanese littleneck clam
... research has shown that clams are sexually mature when shell length is 5-10 mm. However, most individuals do not spawn until shell length is at least 20 mm (Holland and Chew 1974). Spawning can occur either once or twice every year depending on location and environmental ...
... research has shown that clams are sexually mature when shell length is 5-10 mm. However, most individuals do not spawn until shell length is at least 20 mm (Holland and Chew 1974). Spawning can occur either once or twice every year depending on location and environmental ...
The potential role of waterbirds in dispersing invertebrates and
... eggs, sometimes attached to fragments of vegetation. Their viability was confirmed when eggs left at room temperature developed two dark red, squarish eye spots within a week then a pair of legs or antennae within the egg within three more days. By that time, these latter structures had a dark pink ...
... eggs, sometimes attached to fragments of vegetation. Their viability was confirmed when eggs left at room temperature developed two dark red, squarish eye spots within a week then a pair of legs or antennae within the egg within three more days. By that time, these latter structures had a dark pink ...
Stachowicz Annual Reviews - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... total density of organisms with species richness, whereas replacement designs confound intraspecific density with richness, so each is limited in the types of mechanisms and outcomes that it can elucidate. Second, additive designs will become intractable when experiments include a large range of spec ...
... total density of organisms with species richness, whereas replacement designs confound intraspecific density with richness, so each is limited in the types of mechanisms and outcomes that it can elucidate. Second, additive designs will become intractable when experiments include a large range of spec ...
Major contribution of both zooplankton and protists to the top
... this group on heterotrophic bacterioplankton in inland waters (Pace et al. 1990, Brendelberger 1991, Jürgens et al. 1994, Kim et al. 2000, Langenheder & Jürgens 2001, Degans & Zöllner 2002, Berga et al. 2015). The ability of cladocera to feed on bacteria differs among species and size classes within ...
... this group on heterotrophic bacterioplankton in inland waters (Pace et al. 1990, Brendelberger 1991, Jürgens et al. 1994, Kim et al. 2000, Langenheder & Jürgens 2001, Degans & Zöllner 2002, Berga et al. 2015). The ability of cladocera to feed on bacteria differs among species and size classes within ...
10. The Influence of Atmospheric CO2, Temperature, and Water on
... result of an anatomical pre-adaptation within this phylogenetic line. Ehleringer, Cerling, and Helliker (1997) and Sage (2001) discuss the importance of parallel venation in C4 photosynthesis. Since the most common configuration of C4 photosynthesis is a concentration of the C3 cycle within the bund ...
... result of an anatomical pre-adaptation within this phylogenetic line. Ehleringer, Cerling, and Helliker (1997) and Sage (2001) discuss the importance of parallel venation in C4 photosynthesis. Since the most common configuration of C4 photosynthesis is a concentration of the C3 cycle within the bund ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... communities is invariant with respect to average size, suggesting that energetic equivalence across communities is occurring in this study. Regular patterns in CCSRs across a wide array of systems and taxa suggest a similar and powerful constraint operating across these different systems. Where reso ...
... communities is invariant with respect to average size, suggesting that energetic equivalence across communities is occurring in this study. Regular patterns in CCSRs across a wide array of systems and taxa suggest a similar and powerful constraint operating across these different systems. Where reso ...