Cretaceous Period 2 Cretaceous Period 3
... • Frugivory: flowers and fruits are new food sources • Gramnivory: encased seeds from the new plants • Insectivory: bugs that co-evolved with flowering species multiply increasing bug eating opportunities ...
... • Frugivory: flowers and fruits are new food sources • Gramnivory: encased seeds from the new plants • Insectivory: bugs that co-evolved with flowering species multiply increasing bug eating opportunities ...
Ecology
... organisms. Most organic matter eventually becomes detritus and is consumed by detritivores. A great variety of animals, often called scavengers, eat detritus. For instance, earthworms, many rodents, and insects eat fallen leaves and other detritus. Other scavengers include crayfish, catfish, cro ...
... organisms. Most organic matter eventually becomes detritus and is consumed by detritivores. A great variety of animals, often called scavengers, eat detritus. For instance, earthworms, many rodents, and insects eat fallen leaves and other detritus. Other scavengers include crayfish, catfish, cro ...
Chapter 1 Notes
... The Origin of Species developed two main points Descent with Modification: - as populations spilled into new environments, modifications become prominent over time - helped fit organisms into ways of life ...
... The Origin of Species developed two main points Descent with Modification: - as populations spilled into new environments, modifications become prominent over time - helped fit organisms into ways of life ...
The co-evolutionary genetics of ecological communities
... G x E, the environmental variation is abiotic and does not have a genetic component. As a result, the species evolves but the environmental context does not. In this case, adaptive plasticity maximizes fitness across a fixed distribution of environmental contexts. Co-evolution is different because t ...
... G x E, the environmental variation is abiotic and does not have a genetic component. As a result, the species evolves but the environmental context does not. In this case, adaptive plasticity maximizes fitness across a fixed distribution of environmental contexts. Co-evolution is different because t ...
competition for hummingbird pollination shapes flower color
... An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchronously, fitness can be reduced through competition for pollinator service (Waser 1978; Morales and T ...
... An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchronously, fitness can be reduced through competition for pollinator service (Waser 1978; Morales and T ...
What Bugs you
... Arthropods have been around for millions of years and some of their ancient characteristics have been carried over into modern arthropods, such as the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports and protects this invertebrate group. Exoskeletons are composed of a material called chitin. Having an exoskele ...
... Arthropods have been around for millions of years and some of their ancient characteristics have been carried over into modern arthropods, such as the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports and protects this invertebrate group. Exoskeletons are composed of a material called chitin. Having an exoskele ...
EB omtentaVT2_130615
... 2. What would be the possible outcomes when two populations that have long been isolated geographically come back into contact, and under what conditions does each outcome occur? (5p) Plant evolution and diversification: 3. Why is hybrid speciation more common in plants than in animals? What are the ...
... 2. What would be the possible outcomes when two populations that have long been isolated geographically come back into contact, and under what conditions does each outcome occur? (5p) Plant evolution and diversification: 3. Why is hybrid speciation more common in plants than in animals? What are the ...
Document
... 30. The extinction of megafauna during the late-Pleistocene was likely due to: a. asteroids b. human hunting c. oceanic catastrophe d. plate tectonics e. volcanoes 31. The following are examples of absolute (annual) dating methods: a. coral layers b. ice cores c. radiocarbon d. sediment varves e. t ...
... 30. The extinction of megafauna during the late-Pleistocene was likely due to: a. asteroids b. human hunting c. oceanic catastrophe d. plate tectonics e. volcanoes 31. The following are examples of absolute (annual) dating methods: a. coral layers b. ice cores c. radiocarbon d. sediment varves e. t ...
COMPETITION FOR HUMMINGBIRD POLLINATION SHAPES
... An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchronously, fitness can be reduced through competition for pollinator service (Waser 1978; Morales and T ...
... An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchronously, fitness can be reduced through competition for pollinator service (Waser 1978; Morales and T ...
Habitats, species of animals and plants
... The Fat Dormouse is an arboreal species that easily climb trees. It rarely descends on the ground, and even then, it stays inside the forested areas, avoiding coming out in open areas. Dormice are active at night, when they move through the canopy in search of food: fruits, seeds, acorns, beechnuts, ...
... The Fat Dormouse is an arboreal species that easily climb trees. It rarely descends on the ground, and even then, it stays inside the forested areas, avoiding coming out in open areas. Dormice are active at night, when they move through the canopy in search of food: fruits, seeds, acorns, beechnuts, ...
Ecology
... Not all organisms fit neatly into these categories. For example, some predators such as wolves also eat berries, nuts, and leaves. Parasitoids - insects that lay eggs (1 or a few) on or in another insect host. When the egg hatches, the larva remains in the host, which they eat and usually kill. ...
... Not all organisms fit neatly into these categories. For example, some predators such as wolves also eat berries, nuts, and leaves. Parasitoids - insects that lay eggs (1 or a few) on or in another insect host. When the egg hatches, the larva remains in the host, which they eat and usually kill. ...
ecology 2015 - Warren County Schools
... pollinating the plant. Insects (beetles) on the plant found this protein/sugar mix and used it as food. Insects became dependent on this food source and started carrying pollen from plant to plant. Beetle-pollination must have been more efficient than wind for some species, so there was natural sele ...
... pollinating the plant. Insects (beetles) on the plant found this protein/sugar mix and used it as food. Insects became dependent on this food source and started carrying pollen from plant to plant. Beetle-pollination must have been more efficient than wind for some species, so there was natural sele ...
FRAYER MODEL
... NATURAL SELECTION 4. Answer the question. The process that shows that some individuals are better adapted to their environment – which allows them to survive and reproduce is known as __________. A. Overproduction B. Inherited variation C. Successful reproduction D. Natural selection ...
... NATURAL SELECTION 4. Answer the question. The process that shows that some individuals are better adapted to their environment – which allows them to survive and reproduce is known as __________. A. Overproduction B. Inherited variation C. Successful reproduction D. Natural selection ...
Ecology, 2e - Sinauer Associates
... populations and alter the outcomes of species interactions, thereby causing communities to change Ecological Effects of Parasites CONCEPT 13.5 Simple models of host–pathogen dynamics suggest ways to control the establishment and spread of diseases Dynamics and Spread of Diseases ...
... populations and alter the outcomes of species interactions, thereby causing communities to change Ecological Effects of Parasites CONCEPT 13.5 Simple models of host–pathogen dynamics suggest ways to control the establishment and spread of diseases Dynamics and Spread of Diseases ...
evolution-frequency-dependent-selection
... Determining and understanding the mechanisms by which genetic diversity is generated and maintained is one of the main focuses of evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection occurs where the fitness of a genotype is dependent upon the frequency of the allele or genotype within the population ...
... Determining and understanding the mechanisms by which genetic diversity is generated and maintained is one of the main focuses of evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection occurs where the fitness of a genotype is dependent upon the frequency of the allele or genotype within the population ...
ADAPTATIONS - Jefferson City Schools
... adaptation; that is, whether or not these qualities actually help the organism survive. Lay down a sheet of newspaper. Cut out small squares (1x1 inch) of red paper, white paper, and newspaper and sprinkle them on sheet to be the “insects”. Ask a few friends (hungry mockingbirds) to each run to the ...
... adaptation; that is, whether or not these qualities actually help the organism survive. Lay down a sheet of newspaper. Cut out small squares (1x1 inch) of red paper, white paper, and newspaper and sprinkle them on sheet to be the “insects”. Ask a few friends (hungry mockingbirds) to each run to the ...
Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on ecological communities
... the Principle of Population [25] famously emphasized that competition for food resources would limit the human population. Charles Darwin (1859) was greatly impressed by Malthus’s theory and incorporated competition as the primary driver of diversification in the formation of new species, for exampl ...
... the Principle of Population [25] famously emphasized that competition for food resources would limit the human population. Charles Darwin (1859) was greatly impressed by Malthus’s theory and incorporated competition as the primary driver of diversification in the formation of new species, for exampl ...
Oecología
... However, the functioning of this assemblage of species can be said to be organised through habitat adaptation so that. as a byproduct, interspecific competitive risks are minimized. Moreover the ecological complementarity of the coexisting species, which allows a more efficient use of the available ...
... However, the functioning of this assemblage of species can be said to be organised through habitat adaptation so that. as a byproduct, interspecific competitive risks are minimized. Moreover the ecological complementarity of the coexisting species, which allows a more efficient use of the available ...
Bio205_Gymnosperm
... • Grow upward near soil surface • Branch to form masses • Root cortex inhabited by Cyanobacteria (carry out nitrogen fixation) ...
... • Grow upward near soil surface • Branch to form masses • Root cortex inhabited by Cyanobacteria (carry out nitrogen fixation) ...
EcologyUnit3-6.24.15
... 3255.3.2 Create a chart to compare and contrast specialist and generalist species and describe environmental conditions that favor these two approaches. CLE 3255.3.2 Relate species interactions such as competition, predation and symbiosis to coevolution. 3255.3.3 Distinguish among the following ...
... 3255.3.2 Create a chart to compare and contrast specialist and generalist species and describe environmental conditions that favor these two approaches. CLE 3255.3.2 Relate species interactions such as competition, predation and symbiosis to coevolution. 3255.3.3 Distinguish among the following ...
Introduction Cooperative interactions, or mutualisms, are ubiquitous
... algae, enteric microbes, epiphytic and endophytic fungi, and many others. Embracing the prevalence and complexity of multispecies mutualism, including those involving microscopic organisms, not only improves our understanding of the role of mutualism in natural systems, but presents opportunities fo ...
... algae, enteric microbes, epiphytic and endophytic fungi, and many others. Embracing the prevalence and complexity of multispecies mutualism, including those involving microscopic organisms, not only improves our understanding of the role of mutualism in natural systems, but presents opportunities fo ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.