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Composition of the Sun
Composition of the Sun

... lines of starlight to those of Earth’s elements, and identify the elements in the star’s atmosphere. Both hydrogen and helium occur in the sun. About 75% of the sun’s mass is hydrogen, and hydrogen and helium together make up about 99% of the sun’s mass. The sun’s spectrum reveals that the sun con ...
The Sun is a ball of gas!
The Sun is a ball of gas!

... 200 BILLION YEARS! By comparison, the Sun shines with a luminosity of 1026 Watts. (that’s a lot of lightbulbs) ...
The Big Bang Demonstration
The Big Bang Demonstration

Homework #2 1. There are two ways to estimate the energy carried
Homework #2 1. There are two ways to estimate the energy carried

... increases by about 14% and the effective temperature decreases as a result by about 7%. To understand this, consider the structure of a radiative atmosphere in which gas pressure dominates and the enclosed mass, enclosed luminosity and opacity are all constant (constant Mr and Lr are quite reasonabl ...
Solar System Outline
Solar System Outline

... It is about 11 times the radius and 330 times the mass of the earth. It is the first representative of the outer solar system. Unlike the inner planets, Jupiter is not a solid body, but instead is a ball of gas and liquid (mostly hydrogen and helium). – From the earth, there are two obvious clues to ...
Stellar Physics, VT 2010 Problem Set 2
Stellar Physics, VT 2010 Problem Set 2

RMH_Stellar_Evolution_Ast2001_09_29_09
RMH_Stellar_Evolution_Ast2001_09_29_09

... Indirect: -- must know distance Luminosity – depends on surface area (size) and temperature (Stefan-Boltzman Law) Mass -- with luminosity + physics , mass – luminosity relation ...
Which of the following statements is TRUE
Which of the following statements is TRUE

... D. If both stars were at the same distance from us, the Sun would appear 81 times fainter than star X E. ...
Seasonal and Daily Temperatures and the Earth’s General
Seasonal and Daily Temperatures and the Earth’s General

... Very little change in the tropics ...
Star Energy Packet:
Star Energy Packet:

... The sun warms the earth and allows life to exist. It provides us with most of our energy and with light. But how does it keep giving off light? Will it ever stop shining? The answer to the 2nd question is that the sun has been burning for 5 billion years and should burn for another 5 billion years. ...
The Photosphere
The Photosphere

Chapter 7 Study notes
Chapter 7 Study notes

Stellar Structure and Evolution I
Stellar Structure and Evolution I

... core contracts and heats up ...
STARS
STARS

... giants are HUGE. They’re not all the same size as each other, but they are all big. *The little white dot is how big our sun is right now, compared to the red giant Antares, the biggest one shown in the picture at left. ...
The Planets
The Planets

... Our Solar System Planets and other stuff! ...
Our Solar System
Our Solar System

... primary energy source for all processes on Earth much closer to Earth than any other star! about 4 ½ billion years old ...
The Solar System
The Solar System

... Revolution and Rotation of the Planets • All the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun in a ...
Astronomy 112: Physics of Stars Problem set 2: Due April 29 1. Time
Astronomy 112: Physics of Stars Problem set 2: Due April 29 1. Time

The Inner Planets of Our Solar System
The Inner Planets of Our Solar System

... Largest thing in our A ball of glowing gas! solar system – 99.8% of the mass of the solar system ...
Solar Geometry - TeachEngineering
Solar Geometry - TeachEngineering

... The sun is mostly made up of hydrogen (about 73% by mass) and helium (about 25% by mass). The remaining 2% consists of traces of other elements. All the heavier elements were produced by thermonuclear fusion reactions in the sun. In every thermonuclear reaction, some of the original mass is converte ...
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe

... • But: come up with theory that explains all the features of the Sun and predicts new things • Do more experiments to test predictions • This lends plausibility to theory ...
The Passage of Time Moon, Moonth, Month Sidereal (Star) Time
The Passage of Time Moon, Moonth, Month Sidereal (Star) Time

The Sun
The Sun

Timeline of the Nebular Theory
Timeline of the Nebular Theory

... that consisted of all the matter and energy that exists today. o About 4.6 billion years ago shockwaves caused the solar nebula (dust and gas that developed into our solar system) to contract. o As the solar nebula condensed its temperature increased and began glowing, forming the protosun (the prot ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

< 1 ... 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 ... 237 >

Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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