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Advanced Programming Guide
Advanced Programming Guide

... Preface...........................................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................xv Section 1 - In ...
Executable Formal Specifications with Clojure
Executable Formal Specifications with Clojure

... written in imperative programming languages shows that assignment statements generate side-effects which explains the impure nature of the imperative programming. Like immutable data, pure functions are not characteristic only to functional programming: nothing prevents writing pure functions with i ...
Chapter 1 and 2
Chapter 1 and 2

... programmer with better understanding of the program. The better the comment is, the better the program design is and the least time the programmer takes time to maintain • There are two type of comments in C++ ...
Implementing a non-strict purely functional language in JavaScript
Implementing a non-strict purely functional language in JavaScript

... Literals Literals do not have to be transformed. They have the same representation in Sapl and JavaScript. Identifiers Identifiers in Sapl and JavaScript share the same namespace, therefore, they need not to be transformed either. However, the absence of block scope in JavaScript can cause problems. ...
PolyP | a polytypic programming language extension
PolyP | a polytypic programming language extension

... dictionary passing style. We give a type based translation from PolyP to Haskell that uses partial evaluation to completely remove the dictionary values at compile time. Thus we avoid run time overhead for creating instances of polytypic functions. The compiler for PolyP is still under development, ...
TCP/UDP Sockets
TCP/UDP Sockets

... – (family, string_ptr, address_ptr) – Convert IP address string to network byte ordered 32 or 128 bit value – 1 on success, -1 on failure, 0 on invalid input ...
An introduction to C++ template programming
An introduction to C++ template programming

... in now called the Standard Template Library (STL), and templates seem more central to its design then elaborate deep class hierarchies. C++ can be thought of as composed of two layers of language constructs. The lower layer is a simple procedural language aimed at low-level data structures built mai ...
TCP/UDP Sockets
TCP/UDP Sockets

... – (family, string_ptr, address_ptr) – Convert IP address string to network byte ordered 32 or 128 bit value – 1 on success, -1 on failure, 0 on invalid input ...
PS14
PS14

... (define make-player (lambda (total) (letrec ((steps 0) (get-steps (lambda () steps)) (set-steps (lambda () (set! steps (+ steps 1)))) (get-total (lambda () total)) (set-total (lambda (piece) (let ((piece-value (cond ( (eq? piece 'queen) 9) ((eq? piece 'rook) 5) ((eq? piece 'bishop) 3) ((eq? piece 'k ...
Introduction to the lambda calculus
Introduction to the lambda calculus

... Two main camps Haskell – Pure, lazy functional language; no side-effects ML (SML, OCaml) – Call-by-value, with side-effects Old, still around: Lisp, Scheme Disadvantage/feature: no static typing ...
Chapter 4 Methods
Chapter 4 Methods

... To develop reusable code that is modular, easy to read, easy to debug, and easy to maintain (§6.6). To write a method that converts hexadecimals to decimals (§6.7). To use method overloading and understand ambiguous overloading ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... To develop reusable code that is modular, easy to read, easy to debug, and easy to maintain (§6.6). To write a method that converts hexadecimals to decimals (§6.7). To use method overloading and understand ambiguous overloading ...
Java Exception Handling
Java Exception Handling

... Types ...
Programming with Multiple Paradigms in Lua - DI PUC-Rio
Programming with Multiple Paradigms in Lua - DI PUC-Rio

... standard library also offers some traversal functions, which receive a function to be applied to every element of a collection. Most programming techniques for strict functional programming also work without modifications in Lua. As an example, LuaSocket, the standard library for network connection ...
Section 5 slides - Emory Math/CS Department
Section 5 slides - Emory Math/CS Department

... header has its scope in the entire loop. But a variable declared inside a for loop body has its scope limited in the loop body from its declaration and to the end of the block that contains the variable. ...
Transformat ions on higher
Transformat ions on higher

... computations should be performed at compile-time (namely those that are not underlined) and which should be postponed until run-time (namely those The resulting program is that are underlined). called a d-level program and similarly, an annotated expression is called a d-level ezpression. The discus ...
PPT - Bioinformatics.ca
PPT - Bioinformatics.ca

... Changing one type into another ...
05slide
05slide

... rights reserved. 0136012671 ...
Chapter 4 Methods - I.T. at The University of Toledo
Chapter 4 Methods - I.T. at The University of Toledo

... rights reserved. 0136012671 ...
Functional programming languages - Gallium
Functional programming languages - Gallium

... Conversion to exception-returning style Goal: get rid of exceptions. Input: a functional language featuring exceptions (raise and try...with). Output: a functional language with pattern-matching but no exceptions. Idea: every expression a evaluates to either V (v ) if a evaluates normally or to E (v ...
Combining Events And Threads For Scalable
Combining Events And Threads For Scalable

... Such massively-concurrent programs are difficult to implement, especially when other requirements, such as high performance and strong security, must also be met. Events vs. threads: Two implementation strategies for building such inherently concurrent systems have been successful. Both the multithr ...
Lecture slides for Chapter 9
Lecture slides for Chapter 9

... • Function applications – Prefix (Polish) notation : flexibility – Fully parenthesized : no precedence rules ...
Introduction to Imperative C Functional vs. imperative programming
Introduction to Imperative C Functional vs. imperative programming

... A block ({}) is also known as a compound statement, and contains a sequence of statements† . A C block ({}) is similar to Racket’s begin: statements are evaluated in sequence. Unlike begin, a block ({}) does not “produce” a value. This is one reason why return is needed. ...
C Programming conditional Statements
C Programming conditional Statements

... In this program, the user is asked to enter the value of n. Suppose you entered 19 then, count is initialized to 1 at first. Then, the test expression in the for loop,i.e., (count<= n) becomes true. So, the code in the body of for loop is executed which makes sum to 1. Then, the expression ++count i ...
CSE244 Compiler (a.k.a. Programming Language Translation)
CSE244 Compiler (a.k.a. Programming Language Translation)

... – First Pass: all identifiers are assigned to memory addresses (0offset) – e.g. substitute 0 for a, and 4 for b – Second Pass: produce relocatable machine code: ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 10 >

Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that perform a specific task, packaged as a unit. This unit can then be used in programs wherever that particular task should be performed. Subprograms may be defined within programs, or separately in libraries that can be used by multiple programs. In different programming languages, a subroutine may be called a procedure, a function, a routine, a method, or a subprogram. The generic term callable unit is sometimes used.As the name subprogram suggests, a subroutine behaves in much the same way as a computer program that is used as one step in a larger program or another subprogram. A subroutine is often coded so that it can be started (called) several times and from several places during one execution of the program, including from other subroutines, and then branch back (return) to the next instruction after the call once the subroutine's task is done. Maurice Wilkes, David Wheeler, and Stanley Gill are credited with the invention of this concept, which they termed a closed subroutine, contrasted with an open subroutine or macro.Subroutines are a powerful programming tool, and the syntax of many programming languages includes support for writing and using them. Judicious use of subroutines (for example, through the structured programming approach) will often substantially reduce the cost of developing and maintaining a large program, while increasing its quality and reliability. Subroutines, often collected into libraries, are an important mechanism for sharing and trading software. The discipline of object-oriented programming is based on objects and methods (which are subroutines attached to these objects or object classes).In the compiling method called threaded code, the executable program is basically a sequence of subroutine calls.
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