A. The 24 original chromosomes replicate, resulting in 48
... Identify one structural characteristic of a cyanobacteria cell that is similar to a characteristic of a plant cell. b. Identify two structural characteristics of a cyanobacteria cell that are different from the characteristics of a plant cell. c. Identify and describe the most likely process of repr ...
... Identify one structural characteristic of a cyanobacteria cell that is similar to a characteristic of a plant cell. b. Identify two structural characteristics of a cyanobacteria cell that are different from the characteristics of a plant cell. c. Identify and describe the most likely process of repr ...
Human Genetics and Linked Genes
... are! (more will have same genotype as parent) Why? Less possibility for crossing over to occur which creates variability. Independent assortment does not apply The expected ratio for the cross would be significantly different in the observed. ...
... are! (more will have same genotype as parent) Why? Less possibility for crossing over to occur which creates variability. Independent assortment does not apply The expected ratio for the cross would be significantly different in the observed. ...
aneuploidy
... mutation in which a single base pair is added or deleted. This causes a shift in the reading of the codons by one base Insertion or Deletion one base of a DNA molecule will change nearly every amino acid in the protein. ...
... mutation in which a single base pair is added or deleted. This causes a shift in the reading of the codons by one base Insertion or Deletion one base of a DNA molecule will change nearly every amino acid in the protein. ...
Ch 14: The Human Genome
... 1. Most of the time, the mechanisms that separate chromosomes in meiosis work well, but sometimes errors happen. 2. The most common error during meiosis is nondisjunction 3. nondisjunction- failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis 4. If nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of ch ...
... 1. Most of the time, the mechanisms that separate chromosomes in meiosis work well, but sometimes errors happen. 2. The most common error during meiosis is nondisjunction 3. nondisjunction- failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis 4. If nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of ch ...
Meiosis and Introduction to Inheritance Instructions
... Two identical (replicated) DNA strands are called sister chromatids. Attach the new sister chromatids for your maternal chromosome together at the centromeres. Do the same for your replicated paternal chromosome. ...
... Two identical (replicated) DNA strands are called sister chromatids. Attach the new sister chromatids for your maternal chromosome together at the centromeres. Do the same for your replicated paternal chromosome. ...
Biology Final Study Guide
... 26. What is a mutation? Why/how does it have an effect on the whole organism? What does it do to a protein? How does that change an organism’s phenotype or “traits”? 27. What is a chromosome? What is it made of? Where are the genes? 28. For mitosis and meiosis, you may want to download and print dia ...
... 26. What is a mutation? Why/how does it have an effect on the whole organism? What does it do to a protein? How does that change an organism’s phenotype or “traits”? 27. What is a chromosome? What is it made of? Where are the genes? 28. For mitosis and meiosis, you may want to download and print dia ...
Chapter 11 Biology Study Guide
... 9. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance? a. principle of dominance b. principle of independent assortment ...
... 9. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance? a. principle of dominance b. principle of independent assortment ...
TM Review Genetics
... homozygous dominant father and a heterozygous mother. Describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, including the percentages of each. ...
... homozygous dominant father and a heterozygous mother. Describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, including the percentages of each. ...
Chapter 11 Notes – Introduction to Genetics
... Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from both it’s parents. When an organism produces gametes, those 2 sets of genes must be separated from each other so that each gamete contains just one set of genes. B. ...
... Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from both it’s parents. When an organism produces gametes, those 2 sets of genes must be separated from each other so that each gamete contains just one set of genes. B. ...
The phases of Mitosis
... Interphase-Continuing growth and preparation The cell is continuing to grow and make proteins ...
... Interphase-Continuing growth and preparation The cell is continuing to grow and make proteins ...
Lesson 34 - Science with Mr Thompson
... Eukaryotes divide by a more complicated system called Mitosis This is because: They have a nucleus which must be broken up and then reformed They have their DNA “packaged” in the form of Chromosomes Chromosomes are composed of Chromatin Made of DNA Strands & Proteins They usually have more than 1 ch ...
... Eukaryotes divide by a more complicated system called Mitosis This is because: They have a nucleus which must be broken up and then reformed They have their DNA “packaged” in the form of Chromosomes Chromosomes are composed of Chromatin Made of DNA Strands & Proteins They usually have more than 1 ch ...
AP Study Guide Exam 3
... Proteins attach to centromeres (kinetochores) Microtubles attach to kinetochores (Connect centromeres to centrioles) Chromosomes begin migrating to equator 35. Metaphase Chromosomes align across the equator This occurs on metaphase plate (ensures proper chromosome separation) 36. Anaphase ...
... Proteins attach to centromeres (kinetochores) Microtubles attach to kinetochores (Connect centromeres to centrioles) Chromosomes begin migrating to equator 35. Metaphase Chromosomes align across the equator This occurs on metaphase plate (ensures proper chromosome separation) 36. Anaphase ...
Principles of Inheritance
... •The position of a gene on an homologous chromosome pair is known as a Locus –The locus of the beta gene for the Hemoglobin molecule is near the tip of the short arm of chromosome number 11 –The locus of the alpha gene is near the tip of the short arm of chromosome number 16 ...
... •The position of a gene on an homologous chromosome pair is known as a Locus –The locus of the beta gene for the Hemoglobin molecule is near the tip of the short arm of chromosome number 11 –The locus of the alpha gene is near the tip of the short arm of chromosome number 16 ...
Lecture 7 – PDF
... Multiple sex chromosomes (generally sex chromosome-autosome translocations) C. Sex linkage and sex-linked genes: 1. Genes on X but not on Y -- leads to a “criss-cross” pattern of inheritance where sons receive their X chromosome from the maternal parent and daughters receive an X from both parents 2 ...
... Multiple sex chromosomes (generally sex chromosome-autosome translocations) C. Sex linkage and sex-linked genes: 1. Genes on X but not on Y -- leads to a “criss-cross” pattern of inheritance where sons receive their X chromosome from the maternal parent and daughters receive an X from both parents 2 ...
File - Miss Jenkins
... Problems with genes We know a lot about the position of genes on chromosomes by looking at the chromosomes of people with genetic diseases. Scientists can work out what the gene sequence should be like from healthy people and can see what has gone wrong in someone with a genetic disease. New discov ...
... Problems with genes We know a lot about the position of genes on chromosomes by looking at the chromosomes of people with genetic diseases. Scientists can work out what the gene sequence should be like from healthy people and can see what has gone wrong in someone with a genetic disease. New discov ...
Cell diversity - The Physics Teacher
... and uranium, as well as certain viruses. Viruses work by taking over the nucleus of the cell they are attacking. Some viruses appear to damage the oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) of cells and hence may cause cancer. Carcinogens cause mutations (changes) in the DNA that controls cell division. Cance ...
... and uranium, as well as certain viruses. Viruses work by taking over the nucleus of the cell they are attacking. Some viruses appear to damage the oncogenes (cancer-causing genes) of cells and hence may cause cancer. Carcinogens cause mutations (changes) in the DNA that controls cell division. Cance ...
PowerPoint - Mr. Ulrich`s Land of Biology
... Looking at Chromosomes Determined in babies through amniocentesis and karyotyping ...
... Looking at Chromosomes Determined in babies through amniocentesis and karyotyping ...
Mendelian Genetics part 4
... a. This is the result of a faulty gene (recessive) on the X chromosome for making a particular type of light wavelength (color) absorbing protein in cones of the retina of the eye. b. The most common type is Red/Green Colorblindness. (Red and Green appear gray.) 2. Hemophilia (Means “love of bleedin ...
... a. This is the result of a faulty gene (recessive) on the X chromosome for making a particular type of light wavelength (color) absorbing protein in cones of the retina of the eye. b. The most common type is Red/Green Colorblindness. (Red and Green appear gray.) 2. Hemophilia (Means “love of bleedin ...
Module A: Unit 2, Lesson 1 – Mitosis
... • A duplicated chromosome is made of two identical structures called chromatids. What are the stages of the cell cycle? The life cycle of a eukaryotic cell, called the cell cycle, can be divided into three stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. • Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle du ...
... • A duplicated chromosome is made of two identical structures called chromatids. What are the stages of the cell cycle? The life cycle of a eukaryotic cell, called the cell cycle, can be divided into three stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. • Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle du ...
Cells and Tissues
... And finally…Meiosis ends • Anaphase II • The spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes apart. Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell. ...
... And finally…Meiosis ends • Anaphase II • The spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes apart. Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell. ...
Unit Summary-cell cycle
... The Importance of Homeostasis: Organisms maintain their internal equilibrium by responding and adjusting to environmental stressors. For example, aquatic organisms must respond to changes in water temperature, sunlight, chemicals, and other organisms. All organisms must adjust and respond to changes ...
... The Importance of Homeostasis: Organisms maintain their internal equilibrium by responding and adjusting to environmental stressors. For example, aquatic organisms must respond to changes in water temperature, sunlight, chemicals, and other organisms. All organisms must adjust and respond to changes ...
Unit 8: Human Inheritance
... egg cells, and male gametes are sperm Female gametes are ____ ______ cells. meiosis in the ovaries or testes, respectively. Gametes are produced through the process of ________ In meiosis, when the tetrad, or homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in anaphase I of meiosis, the sex chromosomes sepa ...
... egg cells, and male gametes are sperm Female gametes are ____ ______ cells. meiosis in the ovaries or testes, respectively. Gametes are produced through the process of ________ In meiosis, when the tetrad, or homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in anaphase I of meiosis, the sex chromosomes sepa ...
Mitosis: Cell division
... Here is a quick visual review of the ordinary process of cell division. The ordinary eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing several pairs of chromosomes. Each chromosome determines specific characteristics of the individual, such as eye-color, ear shape, and hair curl, while the chromosome configu ...
... Here is a quick visual review of the ordinary process of cell division. The ordinary eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing several pairs of chromosomes. Each chromosome determines specific characteristics of the individual, such as eye-color, ear shape, and hair curl, while the chromosome configu ...
Genetics of Fishes
... Aquaculture - penreared Atlantic salmon may have inefficient feed transfer if energy is devoted to egg/sperm production Polyploid salmon may not mature - all feed into growth ...
... Aquaculture - penreared Atlantic salmon may have inefficient feed transfer if energy is devoted to egg/sperm production Polyploid salmon may not mature - all feed into growth ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.