FISH MAPPING OF 18S-5.8S
... however, identified only a single 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus on the satellite chromosome of A. cepa. Considering that, in triploid hybrids of A. cepa with related species, in this case Ljutika, one would expect from three to six rDNA signals (three major ones containing the majority of ribosomal genes, ...
... however, identified only a single 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus on the satellite chromosome of A. cepa. Considering that, in triploid hybrids of A. cepa with related species, in this case Ljutika, one would expect from three to six rDNA signals (three major ones containing the majority of ribosomal genes, ...
Supernumerary ring chromosome 1 FTNW.pub
... of the digestive tract that can lead to intestinal blockage. The intestine becomes twisted and the twisting can cut off blood flow to the intestine and damage it. Treatment is determined on an individual basis but a volvulus is usually repaired as soon as possible by surgery. This child died shortly ...
... of the digestive tract that can lead to intestinal blockage. The intestine becomes twisted and the twisting can cut off blood flow to the intestine and damage it. Treatment is determined on an individual basis but a volvulus is usually repaired as soon as possible by surgery. This child died shortly ...
Dosage Compensation Mechanisms: Evolution
... elegans and eutherian mammalian species. In these three cases, the key feature is the existence of a mechanism able to modify transcriptional levels by modulating chromatin structure along whole chromosomes. A consideration of the mechanisms found in protostome species is relevant here. In D. melano ...
... elegans and eutherian mammalian species. In these three cases, the key feature is the existence of a mechanism able to modify transcriptional levels by modulating chromatin structure along whole chromosomes. A consideration of the mechanisms found in protostome species is relevant here. In D. melano ...
Title Heterochromatin Blocks Constituting the Entire
... was lost in the human lineage after the divergence of these species and humans.15 Owl monkeys (genus Aotus; also called night monkeys) are members of parvorder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), whereas hominids and gibbons as well as Old World monkeys (family Cercopithecidae) belong to parvorder Cata ...
... was lost in the human lineage after the divergence of these species and humans.15 Owl monkeys (genus Aotus; also called night monkeys) are members of parvorder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), whereas hominids and gibbons as well as Old World monkeys (family Cercopithecidae) belong to parvorder Cata ...
Laboratory Resource Guide to accompany Essentials of Biology
... through soil. Soil prevents desiccation and keeps them cool and moist. By moving under things, they could stay cooler, stay moist, and stay hidden in the dark. Perhaps light bothers them also. Earthworms can move backward and forward from both ends. When they are investigating a substance, they make ...
... through soil. Soil prevents desiccation and keeps them cool and moist. By moving under things, they could stay cooler, stay moist, and stay hidden in the dark. Perhaps light bothers them also. Earthworms can move backward and forward from both ends. When they are investigating a substance, they make ...
Biology A Chapter 10
... 1. When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____ occurs. a. crossing over c. hybridization b. mutagenesis d. fertilization 2. Crossing over results in a _____. a. female genotype c. genetic recombination b. male genotype d. phenoty ...
... 1. When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____ occurs. a. crossing over c. hybridization b. mutagenesis d. fertilization 2. Crossing over results in a _____. a. female genotype c. genetic recombination b. male genotype d. phenoty ...
Meiotic Induction of the Yeast HOP1 Gene Is
... from pNH44-1 inserted into the blunt-ended XhoI sites in the CYC1 promoter of pAV73. Mutant derivatives of pAV128-1, plasmids pAV128-15 (URS1H), pAV134 (UASH), and pAV135 (URSlH, UASH), were constructed in a similar manner except that the 103-bp HOP1 promoter fragments containing the mutations were ...
... from pNH44-1 inserted into the blunt-ended XhoI sites in the CYC1 promoter of pAV73. Mutant derivatives of pAV128-1, plasmids pAV128-15 (URS1H), pAV134 (UASH), and pAV135 (URSlH, UASH), were constructed in a similar manner except that the 103-bp HOP1 promoter fragments containing the mutations were ...
Histone H3 phosphorylation is required for the initiation, but not
... Similarly, rapid and stable increases in H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 accompany PCC induced by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and fostriecin (Ajiro et al., 1996; Guo et al., 1995). In this report, we correlate the initiation of mammalian chromosome condensation with H3 phosphory ...
... Similarly, rapid and stable increases in H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 accompany PCC induced by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and fostriecin (Ajiro et al., 1996; Guo et al., 1995). In this report, we correlate the initiation of mammalian chromosome condensation with H3 phosphory ...
Chapter_11_Powerpoint
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Methods for karyotyping and for localization of developmentally
... individual genes and resulting gene maps are unavailable for this or for any sea urchin. As a result, the purple sea urchin genome has not been mapped onto specific chromosomes and remains inaccessible to genome-wide approaches addressing questions that require positional information for particular ...
... individual genes and resulting gene maps are unavailable for this or for any sea urchin. As a result, the purple sea urchin genome has not been mapped onto specific chromosomes and remains inaccessible to genome-wide approaches addressing questions that require positional information for particular ...
The DNA chromatin condensation expressed by the image optical
... The appearance of heterochromatin is generally accepted as a useful tool for the evaluation of the cell state including pathology; however, information on the heterochromatin DNA condensation state expressed by the image optical density in interphase nuclear regions and mitotic chromosomes with sile ...
... The appearance of heterochromatin is generally accepted as a useful tool for the evaluation of the cell state including pathology; however, information on the heterochromatin DNA condensation state expressed by the image optical density in interphase nuclear regions and mitotic chromosomes with sile ...
figure 1 - Open Biology
... attachments; that is, sister kinetochores forming attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, prior to anaphase onset. A sister kinetochore is therefore tasked with not only forming end-on attachment to spindle microtubule plus-ends (capture) in early mitosis, but also forming ...
... attachments; that is, sister kinetochores forming attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, prior to anaphase onset. A sister kinetochore is therefore tasked with not only forming end-on attachment to spindle microtubule plus-ends (capture) in early mitosis, but also forming ...
Section 12. Mendelian Genetics
... Different pairs of alleles segregate independently o f each other (“Mendel’s second law or law of independent segregation”). Genes in the zygote are transmitted to all the cells in the plant as cells divide. Genes are i nherited equally from both parents (biparental inheritance) via the gametes when ...
... Different pairs of alleles segregate independently o f each other (“Mendel’s second law or law of independent segregation”). Genes in the zygote are transmitted to all the cells in the plant as cells divide. Genes are i nherited equally from both parents (biparental inheritance) via the gametes when ...
F 1 Generation
... Concept 15.3: Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome • Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes • Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called linked genes ...
... Concept 15.3: Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome • Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes • Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called linked genes ...
Mendel and After - U3A Site Builder Home Page
... contain two sets of chromosomes, one set derived from each parent. Our somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes comprising two homologous sets of 23. Gametes are haploid – they contain one set of chromosomes. They are produced by a mode of cell division called meiosis during which homologous chromosomes ...
... contain two sets of chromosomes, one set derived from each parent. Our somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes comprising two homologous sets of 23. Gametes are haploid – they contain one set of chromosomes. They are produced by a mode of cell division called meiosis during which homologous chromosomes ...
Cell Biology - New Age International
... 13. Schimper (1883) classified plastids into three types – Leucoplasts (colourless), Chloroplasts (green) and Chromoplasts (colour other than green). The green plastids were also identified by Meyer (1883) who called them autoplasts. However, Errera gave the name chloroplasts to them. 14. Mitochondr ...
... 13. Schimper (1883) classified plastids into three types – Leucoplasts (colourless), Chloroplasts (green) and Chromoplasts (colour other than green). The green plastids were also identified by Meyer (1883) who called them autoplasts. However, Errera gave the name chloroplasts to them. 14. Mitochondr ...
Are all sex chromosomes created equal?
... between linked sites in finite populations. This effect is extreme in the nonrecombining segment of Y and W chromosomes because of their reduced population sizes and lack of recombination. Homogametic: the sex with one type of sex chromosome in the diploid phase. In XY systems, females (which have a ...
... between linked sites in finite populations. This effect is extreme in the nonrecombining segment of Y and W chromosomes because of their reduced population sizes and lack of recombination. Homogametic: the sex with one type of sex chromosome in the diploid phase. In XY systems, females (which have a ...
Gene nuc2 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... then transferred to restrictive temperature (36~ for 4 h and examined by DAPI stain for whether chromosomes of ts mutant cells remain condensed without separation. In the wild-type S. pombe, chromosomes separate after condensation (e.g., Toda et al., 1981). Therefore, if mutations specifically preve ...
... then transferred to restrictive temperature (36~ for 4 h and examined by DAPI stain for whether chromosomes of ts mutant cells remain condensed without separation. In the wild-type S. pombe, chromosomes separate after condensation (e.g., Toda et al., 1981). Therefore, if mutations specifically preve ...
The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender Lecture One
... born, was the time of Sputnik. So the Soviets sent that satellite around the earth. At 600 miles, the halfton satellite joined the meteors in outer space... And the adults of my parents' generation decided that kids needed to learn science if the United States was to be strong. I started some resear ...
... born, was the time of Sputnik. So the Soviets sent that satellite around the earth. At 600 miles, the halfton satellite joined the meteors in outer space... And the adults of my parents' generation decided that kids needed to learn science if the United States was to be strong. I started some resear ...
Transfer of Primordial Germ-cells inXenopus laevis
... Moreover, there is no reason to suppose that if 'germinal' endoderm cells exist they have the same distribution and aggregation as the primordial germcells. In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the en ...
... Moreover, there is no reason to suppose that if 'germinal' endoderm cells exist they have the same distribution and aggregation as the primordial germcells. In the experiments, care was taken at the time of operation to graft pieces of endoderm very similar in size. In view of the argument at the en ...
Chromosome Dynamics in Meiotic Prophase I in
... Processes taking place in early meiotic prophase I impose major changes on the appearance and behavior of chromosomes. Thin, thread-like univalent chromosomes present at the beginning of zygotene thicken as a result of progressing chromatin condensation and form bivalents as a result of homologous p ...
... Processes taking place in early meiotic prophase I impose major changes on the appearance and behavior of chromosomes. Thin, thread-like univalent chromosomes present at the beginning of zygotene thicken as a result of progressing chromatin condensation and form bivalents as a result of homologous p ...
Microsporogenesis in Maize`
... for 3 to 4 h on a metal tray. They were then thawed at room temperature while shaking at 30 rpm. The buffer was replaced with 20 ml of staining solution containing 86 mm Na phosphate (pH 7.3), 0.3 M p-nitroblue-tetrazolium chloride (Sigma Chemical Co.), 1.0 mM NAD+ (ICN Nutritional Biochemicals), an ...
... for 3 to 4 h on a metal tray. They were then thawed at room temperature while shaking at 30 rpm. The buffer was replaced with 20 ml of staining solution containing 86 mm Na phosphate (pH 7.3), 0.3 M p-nitroblue-tetrazolium chloride (Sigma Chemical Co.), 1.0 mM NAD+ (ICN Nutritional Biochemicals), an ...
video slide
... If these two genes were on different chromosomes, the alleles from the F1 dihybrid would sort into gametes independently, and we would expect to see equal numbers of the four types of offspring. If these two genes were on the same chromosome, we would expect each allele combination, B+ vg+ and b vg, ...
... If these two genes were on different chromosomes, the alleles from the F1 dihybrid would sort into gametes independently, and we would expect to see equal numbers of the four types of offspring. If these two genes were on the same chromosome, we would expect each allele combination, B+ vg+ and b vg, ...
Cytostatic factor: an activity that puts the cell cycle on hold
... arrest). Fertilization releases the oocyte from this arrest and triggers exit from meiosis II. The lower panel shows a simplified scheme illustrating the cytoplasmic injection experiments that led to the identification of MPF and CSF in frog oocytes. Small amounts of cytoplasm taken from mature oocy ...
... arrest). Fertilization releases the oocyte from this arrest and triggers exit from meiosis II. The lower panel shows a simplified scheme illustrating the cytoplasmic injection experiments that led to the identification of MPF and CSF in frog oocytes. Small amounts of cytoplasm taken from mature oocy ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... before having mutation. Such duplication allows the haploid to have copies of a gene for an existing function in pheno-type, its chromosome can acquire a new gene by mutation while keeping the original gene. That is, gene duplication must precede mutation so haploid evolution takes a long time in ge ...
... before having mutation. Such duplication allows the haploid to have copies of a gene for an existing function in pheno-type, its chromosome can acquire a new gene by mutation while keeping the original gene. That is, gene duplication must precede mutation so haploid evolution takes a long time in ge ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.