chapter 1 – introduction
... Microorganisms used in research have many useful properties. They will grow on simple, cheap medium and will often rise to large populations in a matter of 24 hours. It is easy to isolate their genomic material, manipulate it in the test tube and then place it back into the microbe. Due to their lar ...
... Microorganisms used in research have many useful properties. They will grow on simple, cheap medium and will often rise to large populations in a matter of 24 hours. It is easy to isolate their genomic material, manipulate it in the test tube and then place it back into the microbe. Due to their lar ...
Recent expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: a
... 2000). It is possible that LP AIV are regularly transmitted to humans who are frequently in contact with birds. In Europe, millions of wild birds are shot, cooked and consumed by hunters and their dogs every year. A recent study in Iowa, United States, showed transmission of H11N9 virus from wild bi ...
... 2000). It is possible that LP AIV are regularly transmitted to humans who are frequently in contact with birds. In Europe, millions of wild birds are shot, cooked and consumed by hunters and their dogs every year. A recent study in Iowa, United States, showed transmission of H11N9 virus from wild bi ...
9c5e$$ja36 Black separation
... other viral infections of the CNS. Most infections are not recognized clinically, and those that are can have diverse manifestations, ranging from nonspecific viral illness to aseptic meningitis or frank encephalitis. Specific laboratory testing is required to differentiate La Crosse virus from othe ...
... other viral infections of the CNS. Most infections are not recognized clinically, and those that are can have diverse manifestations, ranging from nonspecific viral illness to aseptic meningitis or frank encephalitis. Specific laboratory testing is required to differentiate La Crosse virus from othe ...
Effect of Diaporthe RNA virus 1 (DRV1) on growth and
... The naturally-infected D. perjuncta (CMW3407) isolate had the slowest growth rate of all the isolates at 25°C (Fig. 2). The virus did not result in significant differences in growth rate of the transfected (CMW5588-DRV1) and corresponding isogenic virusfree (CMW5588) isolate of the Phomopsis sp. The ...
... The naturally-infected D. perjuncta (CMW3407) isolate had the slowest growth rate of all the isolates at 25°C (Fig. 2). The virus did not result in significant differences in growth rate of the transfected (CMW5588-DRV1) and corresponding isogenic virusfree (CMW5588) isolate of the Phomopsis sp. The ...
International Review..
... The number of illnesses due to foodborne transmission was estimated for each of the sixteen pathogens commonly transmitted by food and the proportion of all acute gastroenteritis due to foodborne transmission was calculated. As such estimates have an inherent degree of uncertainty, due largely to a ...
... The number of illnesses due to foodborne transmission was estimated for each of the sixteen pathogens commonly transmitted by food and the proportion of all acute gastroenteritis due to foodborne transmission was calculated. As such estimates have an inherent degree of uncertainty, due largely to a ...
P.PSH.0750 qRT-PCR to detect FMD virus dft FR
... Of all exotic diseases, foot and mouth disease (FMD) presents the greatest threat to Australia’s livestock industries. An outbreak of FMD would have a severe impact through loss of both productivity and exports. This virus can be difficult to detect in sheep and there has been significant evidence o ...
... Of all exotic diseases, foot and mouth disease (FMD) presents the greatest threat to Australia’s livestock industries. An outbreak of FMD would have a severe impact through loss of both productivity and exports. This virus can be difficult to detect in sheep and there has been significant evidence o ...
Timing and severity of immunizing diseases in rabbits is controlled
... week, year and a continuous-time vector modelled as covariates was used to generate a continuous time series of population fluctuations based on MNA (black thin line). This was also used to reveal the seasonal trend in population size using a sinusoidal model (blue line). The number of rabbits that ...
... week, year and a continuous-time vector modelled as covariates was used to generate a continuous time series of population fluctuations based on MNA (black thin line). This was also used to reveal the seasonal trend in population size using a sinusoidal model (blue line). The number of rabbits that ...
After Ebola in West Africa - World Health Organization
... consequences. Conakry was the earliest affected capital city (from week 31 of 2014 onward), but the case incidence there remained inexplicably low throughout the epidemic (Fig. 1B). Ebola was reported in Monrovia, Liberia, later than it was reported in Conakry but only 3 weeks after cases were detec ...
... consequences. Conakry was the earliest affected capital city (from week 31 of 2014 onward), but the case incidence there remained inexplicably low throughout the epidemic (Fig. 1B). Ebola was reported in Monrovia, Liberia, later than it was reported in Conakry but only 3 weeks after cases were detec ...
Rapid drop in the reproduction number during the Ebola
... case by date of onset of symptoms (Wallinga & Teunis, 2004). This method does not make any assumptions about how the reproduction number changes with time and can take the individual heterogeneity in the number of secondary cases better into account. The results from this analysis confirmed the find ...
... case by date of onset of symptoms (Wallinga & Teunis, 2004). This method does not make any assumptions about how the reproduction number changes with time and can take the individual heterogeneity in the number of secondary cases better into account. The results from this analysis confirmed the find ...
The basic reproduction ratio for a model of - Imecc
... host's immunological response and the parasite, has thus been taken into account The variable amount of microparasites eliminated by an infectious individual, and the different (heterogeneous) immunological response build up by the host when in interaction with parasite are present in the model. The ...
... host's immunological response and the parasite, has thus been taken into account The variable amount of microparasites eliminated by an infectious individual, and the different (heterogeneous) immunological response build up by the host when in interaction with parasite are present in the model. The ...
Feline upper respiratory disease (URD)
... Organisms are transmitted from infected cats through saliva and ocular and nasal discharges and can be aerosolized through sneezing, coughing and even breathing. Infection can be caused by direct physical contact with other cats, cages, toys, food bowls and even people who have handled infected cats ...
... Organisms are transmitted from infected cats through saliva and ocular and nasal discharges and can be aerosolized through sneezing, coughing and even breathing. Infection can be caused by direct physical contact with other cats, cages, toys, food bowls and even people who have handled infected cats ...
Evidence for emergence of an amphibian iridoviral disease because
... rainbow trout) than other amphibian isolates. Despite monophyly based on capsid protein sequences, there was low genetic divergence among all strains (< 1.1%) based on a supergene analysis of the capsid protein and the two noncoding regions. These analyses also showed polyphyly of strains from Arizo ...
... rainbow trout) than other amphibian isolates. Despite monophyly based on capsid protein sequences, there was low genetic divergence among all strains (< 1.1%) based on a supergene analysis of the capsid protein and the two noncoding regions. These analyses also showed polyphyly of strains from Arizo ...
Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in
... diversification of the HA gene within this clade and subclade. A small number of clade 3C.3a viruses were also detected. Antigenic characterisation of 3C.2a viruses continued to be technically difficult because many viruses did not agglutinate red blood cells in the absence or presence of oseltamiv ...
... diversification of the HA gene within this clade and subclade. A small number of clade 3C.3a viruses were also detected. Antigenic characterisation of 3C.2a viruses continued to be technically difficult because many viruses did not agglutinate red blood cells in the absence or presence of oseltamiv ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... short of this kind of experimental transmission, the mutated virus doesn’t seem to make it into the natural external secretions of an infected cat. This effectively confines the mutated virus inside the sick cat’s body, though the sick cat will still shed non-mutated virus. It appears that genetics ...
... short of this kind of experimental transmission, the mutated virus doesn’t seem to make it into the natural external secretions of an infected cat. This effectively confines the mutated virus inside the sick cat’s body, though the sick cat will still shed non-mutated virus. It appears that genetics ...
Molecular Characterization and Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
... populations worldwide. The aim of the research was to better understand the molecular characteristics of the virus and to investigate the factors behind the continuous emergence of new genetic variants and the occurrence of outbreaks. The studies showed that the viral genome is under a continuous ev ...
... populations worldwide. The aim of the research was to better understand the molecular characteristics of the virus and to investigate the factors behind the continuous emergence of new genetic variants and the occurrence of outbreaks. The studies showed that the viral genome is under a continuous ev ...
Computer virus / Unauthorized Computer Access Incident Report for
... The number of the cases reported for viruses*1 in the third quarter of 2012 decreased from that of the second quarter of 2012 (See Figure 1-1). By virus type, W32/Mydoom was reported most. As for XM/Laroux which is a type of macro virus, although the number of the cases reported decreased from that ...
... The number of the cases reported for viruses*1 in the third quarter of 2012 decreased from that of the second quarter of 2012 (See Figure 1-1). By virus type, W32/Mydoom was reported most. As for XM/Laroux which is a type of macro virus, although the number of the cases reported decreased from that ...
Type Specific and Type Common Antigens in Cells Infected with
... C A R O L I N E S I M AND D. H. W A T S O N § ...
... C A R O L I N E S I M AND D. H. W A T S O N § ...
Pandemic Influenza
... • Impacts and historical evidence from previous pandemics • Control and prevention for individuals, households and at WWU • How WWU is preparing ...
... • Impacts and historical evidence from previous pandemics • Control and prevention for individuals, households and at WWU • How WWU is preparing ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS (FIP)
... The vaccine has been specifically developed so that it does NOT stimulate detectable levels of serum neutralizing antibody. THIS IS GOOD...coronavirus antibody is NOT protective against FIP and cats that have circulating coronavirus antibody may actually have a more severe disease subsequent to infe ...
... The vaccine has been specifically developed so that it does NOT stimulate detectable levels of serum neutralizing antibody. THIS IS GOOD...coronavirus antibody is NOT protective against FIP and cats that have circulating coronavirus antibody may actually have a more severe disease subsequent to infe ...
DISEASES OF THE NEWBORN
... • Stomach tube feeding with mare’s milk or reconstituted by milk at dose rate of 80 ml/kg. B. wt. In 10 divided dose day. ...
... • Stomach tube feeding with mare’s milk or reconstituted by milk at dose rate of 80 ml/kg. B. wt. In 10 divided dose day. ...
Landscape Epidemiology of Vector
... Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, ...
... Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
... value. A definite diagnosis can only be made on the basis of histological examination of biopsy material or postmortem. An important event in FIP pathogenesis is the infection of monocytes and macrophages. Thus, a virulent FECVs remain largely confined to the digestive tract and typically do not spr ...
... value. A definite diagnosis can only be made on the basis of histological examination of biopsy material or postmortem. An important event in FIP pathogenesis is the infection of monocytes and macrophages. Thus, a virulent FECVs remain largely confined to the digestive tract and typically do not spr ...
Chicken embros
... laboratory and field tests of this vaccine. In addition, on the basis of the epidemiology information of H5N1 influenza virus, the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses are the dominative strains in the wild birds and poultry in southeast Asia, we developed new H5N1 inactivated vaccine and recombinant NDV vaccine a ...
... laboratory and field tests of this vaccine. In addition, on the basis of the epidemiology information of H5N1 influenza virus, the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses are the dominative strains in the wild birds and poultry in southeast Asia, we developed new H5N1 inactivated vaccine and recombinant NDV vaccine a ...
DISEASE INFORMATION FACT SHEET Feline immunodeficiency virus
... lymphocytes decline. As the cat mounts an immune response, a rebound of CD8+ lymphocytes above pre-infection levels occurs. This causes an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio that is persistent. Over time, the level of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes may gradually decline, ultimately leading ...
... lymphocytes decline. As the cat mounts an immune response, a rebound of CD8+ lymphocytes above pre-infection levels occurs. This causes an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio that is persistent. Over time, the level of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes may gradually decline, ultimately leading ...
Fact sheet - Seasonal/Avian/Pandemic influenza
... new strain of influenza virus appears that can easily spread from person to person, and to which we have little or no natural immunity. It is impossible to predict where and when an influenza pandemic might begin. There are steps in place to prevent pandemic influenza from occurring in Australia. In ...
... new strain of influenza virus appears that can easily spread from person to person, and to which we have little or no natural immunity. It is impossible to predict where and when an influenza pandemic might begin. There are steps in place to prevent pandemic influenza from occurring in Australia. In ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.