Summary of proposed changes, rationale and actions required Agent Approved List
... raised against South American arenaviruses known to be associated with HF (Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabia´ ). RT-PCR analysis and subsequent analysis of the complete virus S and L RNA segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the path ...
... raised against South American arenaviruses known to be associated with HF (Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabia´ ). RT-PCR analysis and subsequent analysis of the complete virus S and L RNA segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the path ...
Outbreak of Ebola Virus disease in West Africa – 13th update
... On 9 October 2015, the UK notified the appearance of an unusual late complication, more than eight months after initial recovery, in an Ebola survivor who was infected as a healthcare worker in West Africa (Sierra Leone). A number of close contacts are under follow-up. As a precautionary measure, cl ...
... On 9 October 2015, the UK notified the appearance of an unusual late complication, more than eight months after initial recovery, in an Ebola survivor who was infected as a healthcare worker in West Africa (Sierra Leone). A number of close contacts are under follow-up. As a precautionary measure, cl ...
Mathematical Approaches in the Study of Viral Kinetics and Drug
... between the two forms can be established by allowing for more biological details in the immune responsiveness, following the method of process functions. We have shown that in untreated patients the HIV-specific immune response is likely to be largely insensitive to changes in the infected cell leve ...
... between the two forms can be established by allowing for more biological details in the immune responsiveness, following the method of process functions. We have shown that in untreated patients the HIV-specific immune response is likely to be largely insensitive to changes in the infected cell leve ...
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... During the past decade, various methods for the detection of BoHV-1 DNA in clinical samples have been described, including DNA–DNA hybridisation and the PCR. The PCR is also increasingly used in routine diagnostic submissions (Moore et al., 2000). Compared with virus isolation, the PCR has the prima ...
... During the past decade, various methods for the detection of BoHV-1 DNA in clinical samples have been described, including DNA–DNA hybridisation and the PCR. The PCR is also increasingly used in routine diagnostic submissions (Moore et al., 2000). Compared with virus isolation, the PCR has the prima ...
Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Nursing Homes: An Unappreciated
... 42–44]. Rare reports have implicated the parasitic agents Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum as causes of outbreaks of GI infection in nursing homes ...
... 42–44]. Rare reports have implicated the parasitic agents Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum as causes of outbreaks of GI infection in nursing homes ...
PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX (PRDC): A REVIEW
... 1993). The insufficient amount of drinking water and the inadequate feed could also influence the onset as well as the severity of infections from the respiratory diseased complex. Apart the factors that are generally predisposing to respiratory infections, there are more specific causes, the most i ...
... 1993). The insufficient amount of drinking water and the inadequate feed could also influence the onset as well as the severity of infections from the respiratory diseased complex. Apart the factors that are generally predisposing to respiratory infections, there are more specific causes, the most i ...
Patterns of Infection:a Delicate Balance
... infection. On rare occasions, this virus can enter the central nervous system and cause an encephalitis which is often fatal. Similar alterations of tropism in a single virus infection can be observed for many RNA viruses. Consider poliovirus, a picornavirus with enteric tropism. The poliovirus rece ...
... infection. On rare occasions, this virus can enter the central nervous system and cause an encephalitis which is often fatal. Similar alterations of tropism in a single virus infection can be observed for many RNA viruses. Consider poliovirus, a picornavirus with enteric tropism. The poliovirus rece ...
NosoVeille n°2
... Objective: To examine trends in the incidence of MRSA central line-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in US intensive care units (ICUs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data reported by hospitals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1997-2007 were used to calculate p ...
... Objective: To examine trends in the incidence of MRSA central line-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in US intensive care units (ICUs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data reported by hospitals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1997-2007 were used to calculate p ...
Laboratory Diagnostics, Specimen Collection, and Biosafety
... • Isolates & maintains virus integrity • Prevents bacteria and fungi growth • Can be made in a lab or purchased • Different types of VTM: Animal specimen collection Viral isolation of human specimens ...
... • Isolates & maintains virus integrity • Prevents bacteria and fungi growth • Can be made in a lab or purchased • Different types of VTM: Animal specimen collection Viral isolation of human specimens ...
Coronavirus Strain (MERS-CoV) - Emergency Nurses Association
... important to note that hospitalized MERS patients have had other comorbidities.18 While most cases have been reported in male adults with a median age of 50 years, this virus can affect children and adults of all ages. Treatment Currently, there is no specific treatment for MERS-CoV infections, nor ...
... important to note that hospitalized MERS patients have had other comorbidities.18 While most cases have been reported in male adults with a median age of 50 years, this virus can affect children and adults of all ages. Treatment Currently, there is no specific treatment for MERS-CoV infections, nor ...
7 Structure and Function of the Hepatitis E Virus Capsid Related to
... thought to be made of 180 copies of CP with an approximate diameter of 27-34nm (Guu et al., 2009; Xing et al., 1999). Both immune and negative stain electron microscopy of human stool specimens have showed that the diameter of HEV is about 32nm (Balayan et al., 1983; Bradley et al., 1988). The surfa ...
... thought to be made of 180 copies of CP with an approximate diameter of 27-34nm (Guu et al., 2009; Xing et al., 1999). Both immune and negative stain electron microscopy of human stool specimens have showed that the diameter of HEV is about 32nm (Balayan et al., 1983; Bradley et al., 1988). The surfa ...
Evolution of New Variant Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
... The identification and genotyping of the 3 isolates were confirmed by genetic sequencing of the 457bp region of spike1 (S1) gene followed by alignment and phylogenetic tree construction with previously characterized Egyptian and known global reference strains. Based on the nucleotide sequence, the r ...
... The identification and genotyping of the 3 isolates were confirmed by genetic sequencing of the 457bp region of spike1 (S1) gene followed by alignment and phylogenetic tree construction with previously characterized Egyptian and known global reference strains. Based on the nucleotide sequence, the r ...
UNCONVENTIONAL VIRUSES AND THE ORIGIN AND DISAPPEARANCE OF KURU
... caused by rumbling nonproductive, even defective, more conventional viruses including measles virus, papovaviruses (JC and SV-40-PML), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes-simplex virus, adenovirus types 7 and 32, and probably RSSE virus (Table 2). However, unlike these “conventional” viruses the ...
... caused by rumbling nonproductive, even defective, more conventional viruses including measles virus, papovaviruses (JC and SV-40-PML), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes-simplex virus, adenovirus types 7 and 32, and probably RSSE virus (Table 2). However, unlike these “conventional” viruses the ...
D. Carleton Gajdusek - Nobel Lecture
... caused by rumbling nonproductive, even defective, more conventional viruses including measles virus, papovaviruses (JC and SV-40-PML), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes-simplex virus, adenovirus types 7 and 32, and probably RSSE virus (Table 2). However, unlike these “conventional” viruses the ...
... caused by rumbling nonproductive, even defective, more conventional viruses including measles virus, papovaviruses (JC and SV-40-PML), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes-simplex virus, adenovirus types 7 and 32, and probably RSSE virus (Table 2). However, unlike these “conventional” viruses the ...
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus genesig Standard Kit
... Introduction to Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is an RNA virus of the Novirhabdovirus genus which causes Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), a chronic disease of Salmonoid fish. The linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome of th ...
... Introduction to Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is an RNA virus of the Novirhabdovirus genus which causes Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), a chronic disease of Salmonoid fish. The linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome of th ...
the extent of population exposure to assess clinical safety
... 1. Tests for Retroviruses For the MCB and for cells cultured up to or beyond the limit of in vitro cell age used for production, tests for retroviruses, including infectivity assays in sensitive cell cultures and electron microscopy (EM) studies, should be carried out. If infectivity is not detected ...
... 1. Tests for Retroviruses For the MCB and for cells cultured up to or beyond the limit of in vitro cell age used for production, tests for retroviruses, including infectivity assays in sensitive cell cultures and electron microscopy (EM) studies, should be carried out. If infectivity is not detected ...
Q5A(R1)
... 1. Tests for Retroviruses For the MCB and for cells cultured up to or beyond the limit of in vitro cell age used for production, tests for retroviruses, including infectivity assays in sensitive cell cultures and electron microscopy (EM) studies, should be carried out. If infectivity is not detected ...
... 1. Tests for Retroviruses For the MCB and for cells cultured up to or beyond the limit of in vitro cell age used for production, tests for retroviruses, including infectivity assays in sensitive cell cultures and electron microscopy (EM) studies, should be carried out. If infectivity is not detected ...
The biology of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1)
... vaccines. Vaccines are used to reduce the severity of disease, but cannot always prevent infection due to the endemic nature of BoHV-1 infection (Fenner et al. 1993). There are two vaccines registered for use in Australia: Rhinogard (live BoHV-1.2b strain V155); and IBEPUR, a subunit vaccine (APVMA ...
... vaccines. Vaccines are used to reduce the severity of disease, but cannot always prevent infection due to the endemic nature of BoHV-1 infection (Fenner et al. 1993). There are two vaccines registered for use in Australia: Rhinogard (live BoHV-1.2b strain V155); and IBEPUR, a subunit vaccine (APVMA ...
Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Children
... Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detection by RT-PCR spiratory infections, acute bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia to apnea in children (3, 4). In hospitalized children, RSV infections occur at greater frequencies than other viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. It is identified as the etiol ...
... Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detection by RT-PCR spiratory infections, acute bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia to apnea in children (3, 4). In hospitalized children, RSV infections occur at greater frequencies than other viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. It is identified as the etiol ...
Detection of Measles Virus RNA in Air and Surface Specimens in a
... high basic reproductive rates of 15–20 [1]. Entry routes of the virus are thought to be through target cells in both alveolar spaces and the mucocilliary epithelium of the mid and upper respiratory tract [13]. This makes transmission by exposure to the broad range of particle sizes and the long dist ...
... high basic reproductive rates of 15–20 [1]. Entry routes of the virus are thought to be through target cells in both alveolar spaces and the mucocilliary epithelium of the mid and upper respiratory tract [13]. This makes transmission by exposure to the broad range of particle sizes and the long dist ...
Ebola virus outbreak, updates on current therapeutic strategies
... Filoviruses are enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which include Ebola and Marburg viruses, known to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality of up to 90%. There have been several Ebola virus outbreaks since the first outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 19 ...
... Filoviruses are enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which include Ebola and Marburg viruses, known to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality of up to 90%. There have been several Ebola virus outbreaks since the first outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 19 ...
FULL TEXT - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
... The biological efficiency depends on the microbial resistance to the sampling and analysis stress. The efficiencies of bioaerosol samplers have been extensively investigated [7, 8, 9]. Some studies conducted measurements with different samplers side-by-side in isolators or on sites where the microbi ...
... The biological efficiency depends on the microbial resistance to the sampling and analysis stress. The efficiencies of bioaerosol samplers have been extensively investigated [7, 8, 9]. Some studies conducted measurements with different samplers side-by-side in isolators or on sites where the microbi ...
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), are suitable for BoHV-1 propagation. Cell cultures can be grown in glass or plastic tubes, plates or dishes. When 24-well plastic plates are used, a 100–200 µl volume of the supernatants described above is inoculated int ...
... established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), are suitable for BoHV-1 propagation. Cell cultures can be grown in glass or plastic tubes, plates or dishes. When 24-well plastic plates are used, a 100–200 µl volume of the supernatants described above is inoculated int ...
Interferon Induced within the Central Nervous System during
... (Lodmell, 1983). All of the mice were bled from the retro-orbital plexus 2 and 6 h postinoculation, and at 24 h intervals for the next 7 days. Individual sera were assayed for antiviral activity on outbred Swiss Webster mouse embryo (ME) cells by using a standard c.p.e, bioassay (Armstrong, 1981), a ...
... (Lodmell, 1983). All of the mice were bled from the retro-orbital plexus 2 and 6 h postinoculation, and at 24 h intervals for the next 7 days. Individual sera were assayed for antiviral activity on outbred Swiss Webster mouse embryo (ME) cells by using a standard c.p.e, bioassay (Armstrong, 1981), a ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.