Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... Feline infectious peritonitis is caused by a mutation of the feline enteric corona virus and probably also requires immune susceptibility on the part of the affected cat. It can also cause transient diarrhea and an apparent infection in many cats. Some research indicates approximately 30% of "housec ...
... Feline infectious peritonitis is caused by a mutation of the feline enteric corona virus and probably also requires immune susceptibility on the part of the affected cat. It can also cause transient diarrhea and an apparent infection in many cats. Some research indicates approximately 30% of "housec ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... mutate, or change in such a way that it then infects a type of white blood cell in the blood called monocytes and a type in the tissue called macrophages. In these cells, it replicates efficiently and eventually destroys the cell. It’s unknown what changes in the virus to allow this alteration in ...
... mutate, or change in such a way that it then infects a type of white blood cell in the blood called monocytes and a type in the tissue called macrophages. In these cells, it replicates efficiently and eventually destroys the cell. It’s unknown what changes in the virus to allow this alteration in ...
2. evaluation and characterization of viral clearance procedures
... products including recombinant subunit vaccines. The safety of these products with regard to viral contamination can be reasonably assured only by the application of a virus testing program and assessment of virus removal and inactivation achieved by the manufacturing process. The type and extent of ...
... products including recombinant subunit vaccines. The safety of these products with regard to viral contamination can be reasonably assured only by the application of a virus testing program and assessment of virus removal and inactivation achieved by the manufacturing process. The type and extent of ...
Detection of Norwalk-like Virus in Shellfish Implicated in Illness
... Recent improvements to the method of detecting NLVs in shellfish include enhanced processing of virus and shellfish samples, application of nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing, and increased knowledge of NLV genetic diversity. Using a newly developed and sensitive method, an NLV G2 strain was ident ...
... Recent improvements to the method of detecting NLVs in shellfish include enhanced processing of virus and shellfish samples, application of nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing, and increased knowledge of NLV genetic diversity. Using a newly developed and sensitive method, an NLV G2 strain was ident ...
Vertebrate reservoirs and secondary epidemiological cycles of
... now well established, maintained and transmitted, with perhaps unexpected dominance of certain hosts such as the American Robin in the transmission cycle. This bird species is highly adapted to the urban landscape and is an effective bridge species that is preferred by Culex spp. to the more abundan ...
... now well established, maintained and transmitted, with perhaps unexpected dominance of certain hosts such as the American Robin in the transmission cycle. This bird species is highly adapted to the urban landscape and is an effective bridge species that is preferred by Culex spp. to the more abundan ...
Infectious Bronchitis Virus: a major cause of respiratory
... The S1 subunit of the Spike (S) glycoprotein of IBV has been the target for many RT-PCRs for IBV identification as well as for genotyping of IBV isolates by both sequencing and Restriction enzyme analysis (Jack & Jackwood 2008). The primer pair used in this study detects a region within the S1 gene ...
... The S1 subunit of the Spike (S) glycoprotein of IBV has been the target for many RT-PCRs for IBV identification as well as for genotyping of IBV isolates by both sequencing and Restriction enzyme analysis (Jack & Jackwood 2008). The primer pair used in this study detects a region within the S1 gene ...
Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken
... combined with both Mycoplasma galisepticum and avian influenza virus subtype H9 and 25.71% of samples were positive to both IBV and AIV(H9).9 Mahmood et al. isolated infectious bronchitis virus from trachea and kidney tissues of eight broiler farms in Kurdistan region of North Iraq from 2008 to 2010 ...
... combined with both Mycoplasma galisepticum and avian influenza virus subtype H9 and 25.71% of samples were positive to both IBV and AIV(H9).9 Mahmood et al. isolated infectious bronchitis virus from trachea and kidney tissues of eight broiler farms in Kurdistan region of North Iraq from 2008 to 2010 ...
Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonoses
... challenging or impossible by some researchers (3). However, we propose that it is now becoming possible to conduct the science of predicting emerging zoonoses and that far more attention should be paid to this approach than is currently given (31). We have previously proposed 3 criteria that can be ...
... challenging or impossible by some researchers (3). However, we propose that it is now becoming possible to conduct the science of predicting emerging zoonoses and that far more attention should be paid to this approach than is currently given (31). We have previously proposed 3 criteria that can be ...
MEASLES What is measles? Measles is a highly infectious disease
... What is measles? Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus. How is it spread? Measles virus is spread through close contact with the nose and throat secretions of an infected person especially during coughs and sneezes. Measles virus is able to survive in small droplets in t ...
... What is measles? Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus. How is it spread? Measles virus is spread through close contact with the nose and throat secretions of an infected person especially during coughs and sneezes. Measles virus is able to survive in small droplets in t ...
PDF - ECronicon
... (LD50) of just one PFU [24]. In the few mice that survive, no viral persistence is observed [25]. In contrast, the LD50 for TO subgroup strains is 106 PFU. Despite their diminished “neurovirulence”, TO subgroup strains persistently infect brain and spinal cord, causing chronic CNS inflammation and s ...
... (LD50) of just one PFU [24]. In the few mice that survive, no viral persistence is observed [25]. In contrast, the LD50 for TO subgroup strains is 106 PFU. Despite their diminished “neurovirulence”, TO subgroup strains persistently infect brain and spinal cord, causing chronic CNS inflammation and s ...
Growth of different infectious bursal disease virus strains in cell lines
... inoculation. It was observed that histological changes in cell lines increased in severity with the time post inoculation. It was recorded that vvIBDV (993) strain resulted in lesion scores similar to virulent (J1) strain, while both vaccine strains resulted into similar lesion scores which are less ...
... inoculation. It was observed that histological changes in cell lines increased in severity with the time post inoculation. It was recorded that vvIBDV (993) strain resulted in lesion scores similar to virulent (J1) strain, while both vaccine strains resulted into similar lesion scores which are less ...
Equivalent Expression of Endogenous Murine
... relative to the parent nontransformed clone (8). This large increase is not accompanied by detectable changes in either the types or the abundance of nonviral polyadenylatecontaining mRNA, suggesting some degree of selectivity in the large enhancement of MuLV-specific RNA sequence content; i.e., it ...
... relative to the parent nontransformed clone (8). This large increase is not accompanied by detectable changes in either the types or the abundance of nonviral polyadenylatecontaining mRNA, suggesting some degree of selectivity in the large enhancement of MuLV-specific RNA sequence content; i.e., it ...
DENGUE CHIKUNGUNYA and ZIKA
... uncommon. Symptoms • About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika). • The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period (the time from exposure to sy ...
... uncommon. Symptoms • About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika). • The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period (the time from exposure to sy ...
ADAPTATION OF INDIGENOUS INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE
... Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the etiological agent of an immuno-suppressive disease of young chickens of 3 to 6 weeks of age. The virus causes destruction of lymphoid tissue, especially the bursa of Fabricius (Reddy et al., 1997). Two distinct serotypes (1 and 2) of IBDV have been recog ...
... Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the etiological agent of an immuno-suppressive disease of young chickens of 3 to 6 weeks of age. The virus causes destruction of lymphoid tissue, especially the bursa of Fabricius (Reddy et al., 1997). Two distinct serotypes (1 and 2) of IBDV have been recog ...
Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Reverse
... monotherapy that was also published in the Journal [24]. Whereas viral mRNA transcripts as well as full-length genomic RNA are found within HIV-1–infected cells, only genomic RNA is found in virion particles from infected plasma or serum. Because each virion contains 2 molecules of HIV-1 RNA, the nu ...
... monotherapy that was also published in the Journal [24]. Whereas viral mRNA transcripts as well as full-length genomic RNA are found within HIV-1–infected cells, only genomic RNA is found in virion particles from infected plasma or serum. Because each virion contains 2 molecules of HIV-1 RNA, the nu ...
experimental infection of wading birds with eastern equine
... antibody positive study (Kissling et al., 1954) in which all glossy ibises (78% antibody positive by wk PI. The 50% of snowy egrets at 2 wk PI), but significantly higher (T antibody liters 3.68, P 0.001) in snowy egrets up to 4 wk PI (1:116 ...
... antibody positive study (Kissling et al., 1954) in which all glossy ibises (78% antibody positive by wk PI. The 50% of snowy egrets at 2 wk PI), but significantly higher (T antibody liters 3.68, P 0.001) in snowy egrets up to 4 wk PI (1:116 ...
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol
... has been cleaned discard all unused cleaning solution before proceeding to the next room. Allow surfaces to air dry or wipe dry if surfaces are still wet after the contact time as been achieved. Periodic rinsing of soft surfaces such as vinyl or naugahyde is suggested as well as equipment regularly ...
... has been cleaned discard all unused cleaning solution before proceeding to the next room. Allow surfaces to air dry or wipe dry if surfaces are still wet after the contact time as been achieved. Periodic rinsing of soft surfaces such as vinyl or naugahyde is suggested as well as equipment regularly ...
The rate of progression to AIDS is independent of virus dose in
... infectious dose remains unresolved. Intravenous infection of outbred Macaca mulatta with various doses of simian immunodeficiency virus isolate 8980 (SIV8980) revealed an endpoint from which an infectious dose 50 (ID50) was defined. In the six infected animals, the time to develop AIDS was variable ...
... infectious dose remains unresolved. Intravenous infection of outbred Macaca mulatta with various doses of simian immunodeficiency virus isolate 8980 (SIV8980) revealed an endpoint from which an infectious dose 50 (ID50) was defined. In the six infected animals, the time to develop AIDS was variable ...
Control Strategy for Viral Diseases of Salmonids and Flounder
... protein expressed yeast has prevented infection by IHNV. Apparently healthy Japanese flounder with low ELISA antibody titers against Japanese flounder lymphocystis disease virus (JFLCDV), have been injected with three types of inactivated JF-LCDV vaccine, including a formalin-killed Japanese flounde ...
... protein expressed yeast has prevented infection by IHNV. Apparently healthy Japanese flounder with low ELISA antibody titers against Japanese flounder lymphocystis disease virus (JFLCDV), have been injected with three types of inactivated JF-LCDV vaccine, including a formalin-killed Japanese flounde ...
Why flu vaccination is important for health care workers (HCWs)
... long term care facilities they rely on the immunity of those who care for them. There are many reports of flu outbreaks within hospitals and long term care facilities where unvaccinated healthcare workers are likely to have infected patients and facilitated the spread of the disease. (11, 12) Instit ...
... long term care facilities they rely on the immunity of those who care for them. There are many reports of flu outbreaks within hospitals and long term care facilities where unvaccinated healthcare workers are likely to have infected patients and facilitated the spread of the disease. (11, 12) Instit ...
VIRKON®S. VIRKON®S.
... Wageningen University in The Netherlands to specifically address the EU legislation. The latest EN 1656 Salmonella and Campylobacter studies confirmed that Virkon S achieved excellent dilution rates of 1:100 and 1:200 ...
... Wageningen University in The Netherlands to specifically address the EU legislation. The latest EN 1656 Salmonella and Campylobacter studies confirmed that Virkon S achieved excellent dilution rates of 1:100 and 1:200 ...
Canine Distemper Virus in Ferrets
... • A highly contagious disease that appears suddenly (acutely), characterized by fever and a variety of signs involving the respiratory system, eyes, central nervous system, and skin. • Canine distemper virus is always fatal in ferrets. • The virus can live for long periods in the environment. It can ...
... • A highly contagious disease that appears suddenly (acutely), characterized by fever and a variety of signs involving the respiratory system, eyes, central nervous system, and skin. • Canine distemper virus is always fatal in ferrets. • The virus can live for long periods in the environment. It can ...
Vol. 15 | Weekly issue 24 | 17 June 2010
... The batch of sausages (‘use by’ date up to 15 June) derived from this Salmonella-positive melee was subject to a national voluntary withdrawal and recall by the manufacturer on 27 May 2010, with a press release and posters in chain A supermarkets. A small proportion of the batch had been exported to ...
... The batch of sausages (‘use by’ date up to 15 June) derived from this Salmonella-positive melee was subject to a national voluntary withdrawal and recall by the manufacturer on 27 May 2010, with a press release and posters in chain A supermarkets. A small proportion of the batch had been exported to ...
Effect of Diaporthe RNA virus 1 (DRV1) on growth and
... D. perjuncta isolate (Moleleki et al. 2003). In a related study, Esteban and Fujimura (2003) transformed yeast cells negative for 23S RNA virus and showed transmission of the virus in daughter cells. DRV1 is a positive-strand RNA mycovirus with dsRNA as a replicative form (Preisig et al. 2000). Sinc ...
... D. perjuncta isolate (Moleleki et al. 2003). In a related study, Esteban and Fujimura (2003) transformed yeast cells negative for 23S RNA virus and showed transmission of the virus in daughter cells. DRV1 is a positive-strand RNA mycovirus with dsRNA as a replicative form (Preisig et al. 2000). Sinc ...
"Predicated"
... cannot quench his or her thirst. The disease itself was also once commonly known as hydrophobia, from this characteristic symptom. The patient "foams at the mouth" because they cannot swallow their own saliva for days and it gathers in the mouth until it overflows. Death almost invariably results tw ...
... cannot quench his or her thirst. The disease itself was also once commonly known as hydrophobia, from this characteristic symptom. The patient "foams at the mouth" because they cannot swallow their own saliva for days and it gathers in the mouth until it overflows. Death almost invariably results tw ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.