Neonatal Herpes
... – Students who refuse mumps vaccination should be excluded from school for at least 26 days after the onset of parotitis in the last person who has mumps in the affected school – Persons who have mumps are excluded from school for 9 days from the onset of their parotid swelling ...
... – Students who refuse mumps vaccination should be excluded from school for at least 26 days after the onset of parotitis in the last person who has mumps in the affected school – Persons who have mumps are excluded from school for 9 days from the onset of their parotid swelling ...
Testing Services for Veterinary Vaccines - Sigma
... produced in vivo and in vitro must be investigated for the presence of potential contaminants including; viruses, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma in addition to stability and identity where appropriate. Both the EU and USA provide guidelines and specific recommendations on extraneous agent testing of ...
... produced in vivo and in vitro must be investigated for the presence of potential contaminants including; viruses, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma in addition to stability and identity where appropriate. Both the EU and USA provide guidelines and specific recommendations on extraneous agent testing of ...
Experimental study on histopathological changes and tissue tropism
... study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected SPF chickens. Forty-two one-day-old, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were divided randomly into two ...
... study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected SPF chickens. Forty-two one-day-old, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were divided randomly into two ...
Antiviral Research Rapid sequence-based diagnosis of viral infection
... Although costs and ease of use are improving, only multiplex PCR assays are widely used at the time of writing. In multiplex assays, many genetic targets compete for assay components (e.g., nucleotides, polymerases and dyes), in some instances with variable efficiency. Thus, current multiplex assays ...
... Although costs and ease of use are improving, only multiplex PCR assays are widely used at the time of writing. In multiplex assays, many genetic targets compete for assay components (e.g., nucleotides, polymerases and dyes), in some instances with variable efficiency. Thus, current multiplex assays ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Care Facilities in Ireland 2013/2014
... considered to be high risk environments for influenza due to the older age of residents, the high prevalence of chronic medical conditions, communal living arrangements, shared caregiving and the continual close proximity of residents.(5) Influenza is very infectious and is easily passed from person ...
... considered to be high risk environments for influenza due to the older age of residents, the high prevalence of chronic medical conditions, communal living arrangements, shared caregiving and the continual close proximity of residents.(5) Influenza is very infectious and is easily passed from person ...
Retroviral Vector Guide
... the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which has a very broad tropism due to using a highly ubiquitous receptor. This envelope is most commonly used as the resulting pseudotyped virus can therefore infect ...
... the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which has a very broad tropism due to using a highly ubiquitous receptor. This envelope is most commonly used as the resulting pseudotyped virus can therefore infect ...
Z-mapp - Moodle Lille 2
... Family : Filoviridae, RNA virus, 5 species, specie now: Zaire Ebola Virus : ZEBOV Ebola virus disease (EVD): fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals Ebola was discovered in 1976 in two outbreaks: one in Sudan and the other near the Ebola river in the Democratic Republic of Congo ...
... Family : Filoviridae, RNA virus, 5 species, specie now: Zaire Ebola Virus : ZEBOV Ebola virus disease (EVD): fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals Ebola was discovered in 1976 in two outbreaks: one in Sudan and the other near the Ebola river in the Democratic Republic of Congo ...
Protecting Workers from Occupational Exposure to Zika Virus
... Approximately one out of five infected people develop symptoms Incubation period 2-7 days Symptoms are usually mild and can last 2–7 days Infectious virus particles can be detected in the blood during the first week of infection Zika virus can be spread transplacentally from a pregnant woman to he ...
... Approximately one out of five infected people develop symptoms Incubation period 2-7 days Symptoms are usually mild and can last 2–7 days Infectious virus particles can be detected in the blood during the first week of infection Zika virus can be spread transplacentally from a pregnant woman to he ...
02-Hepatitis
... course due mainly to development of quasi species of the virus. Usually histologically mild but 20% develop cirrhosis and therefore risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lymphoid aggregates, bile duct damage and fatty change are histological pointers to HCV infection. Diagnosed by detection of viral RNA ...
... course due mainly to development of quasi species of the virus. Usually histologically mild but 20% develop cirrhosis and therefore risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lymphoid aggregates, bile duct damage and fatty change are histological pointers to HCV infection. Diagnosed by detection of viral RNA ...
Equine diseases - European Commission
... Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a Lentivirus exhibiting substantial genetic variation. Following primary infection, the virus will persist in the horse. Persistently infected horses, also called, asymptomatic carriers, are the reservoir of the virus and may transmitted EIAV to others horses ...
... Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a Lentivirus exhibiting substantial genetic variation. Following primary infection, the virus will persist in the horse. Persistently infected horses, also called, asymptomatic carriers, are the reservoir of the virus and may transmitted EIAV to others horses ...
Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between
... infectiousness as function of pathogen load alone. While pathogen load and symptoms are closely correlated (see e.g. [73–75] for influenza), the ability to map symptoms back onto pathogen load will likely not work in general. Returning to influenza as our example, analyses of data from ferret infect ...
... infectiousness as function of pathogen load alone. While pathogen load and symptoms are closely correlated (see e.g. [73–75] for influenza), the ability to map symptoms back onto pathogen load will likely not work in general. Returning to influenza as our example, analyses of data from ferret infect ...
Pathogenesis, latency and reactivation of infections by
... Two states of latency are classically described (6): (a) the dynamic state: virus multiplication still occurs in latently infected cells, so that, at any time, the cells contain a reduced amount of infectious virus; (b) the static state: no productive infection occurs in latently infected cells wher ...
... Two states of latency are classically described (6): (a) the dynamic state: virus multiplication still occurs in latently infected cells, so that, at any time, the cells contain a reduced amount of infectious virus; (b) the static state: no productive infection occurs in latently infected cells wher ...
Expression and characterization of RNA-dependent
... (HCV), BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus) (11-14). Although several insect picorna-like viruses have been reported these years, the study on their genomic replication mechanism remains limited. To explore the initiation of EoV RNA replication, we expressed and pur ...
... (HCV), BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus) (11-14). Although several insect picorna-like viruses have been reported these years, the study on their genomic replication mechanism remains limited. To explore the initiation of EoV RNA replication, we expressed and pur ...
Animal Health Nasal Discharge
... Respiratory viruses are highly contagious and different viruses often have very similar symptoms4. Respiratory viruses include equine influenza, equine herpes viruses (EHV) and rhinoviruses. Viruses are characterised by substantial, thick grey/yellow nasal discharge. A secondary bacterial infect ...
... Respiratory viruses are highly contagious and different viruses often have very similar symptoms4. Respiratory viruses include equine influenza, equine herpes viruses (EHV) and rhinoviruses. Viruses are characterised by substantial, thick grey/yellow nasal discharge. A secondary bacterial infect ...
passiveimmunity : part 2
... Another common issue is to determine the strain that should be used to overcome the MDAs, intermediate or intermediate plus. It is important to bear in mind that MDAs in levels exceeding the ELISA mean titre of 500 units are likely to neutralize most of the attenuated IBD vaccine strains. Therefore, ...
... Another common issue is to determine the strain that should be used to overcome the MDAs, intermediate or intermediate plus. It is important to bear in mind that MDAs in levels exceeding the ELISA mean titre of 500 units are likely to neutralize most of the attenuated IBD vaccine strains. Therefore, ...
Redalyc.Effect of temperature on the expression of IFN-1 (α), STAT
... under experimental conditions at 12°C, clinical disease occurs in salmonids, but possible explanations are unknown. As fish gain weight, they begin to be resistant to this disease and become asymptomatic carriers (Imajoh, Hirayama, & Oshima, 2005), representing a risk to wild fish populations and th ...
... under experimental conditions at 12°C, clinical disease occurs in salmonids, but possible explanations are unknown. As fish gain weight, they begin to be resistant to this disease and become asymptomatic carriers (Imajoh, Hirayama, & Oshima, 2005), representing a risk to wild fish populations and th ...
Review Article Endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses
... 1993, showing that the original tumor did not contain XMRV (Figure 3). However, it was present in the xenografts performed after 1996, suggesting that the tumor had been infected by XMRV while being passaged through nude mice some time between 1993 and 1996. Moreover, two XMRVrelated proviruses (Pre ...
... 1993, showing that the original tumor did not contain XMRV (Figure 3). However, it was present in the xenografts performed after 1996, suggesting that the tumor had been infected by XMRV while being passaged through nude mice some time between 1993 and 1996. Moreover, two XMRVrelated proviruses (Pre ...
Abundance of Planktonic Virus-Like Particles in Lake Erie
... VLP/ml with some studies reporting abundances as low as 6.7 x 104 VLP/ml (reviewed by Maranger and Bird 1995). In Lake Superior, viral abundance in surface and subsurface waters were similar to those reported here for Lake Erie and ranged from 0.1 x 106to 9 x 106 VLP/ml (Tapper and Hicks 1998) Likew ...
... VLP/ml with some studies reporting abundances as low as 6.7 x 104 VLP/ml (reviewed by Maranger and Bird 1995). In Lake Superior, viral abundance in surface and subsurface waters were similar to those reported here for Lake Erie and ranged from 0.1 x 106to 9 x 106 VLP/ml (Tapper and Hicks 1998) Likew ...
Biological Characterization of the Virus Causing Leukoencephalitis
... latter virus. Despite its cytopathogenic property the goat agent was not lytic in goat cell culture, causing instead a productive infection which persisted through multiple subcultures of the cells. The virus replicated incompletely in sheep cell cultures but could be rescued from the latter, weeks ...
... latter virus. Despite its cytopathogenic property the goat agent was not lytic in goat cell culture, causing instead a productive infection which persisted through multiple subcultures of the cells. The virus replicated incompletely in sheep cell cultures but could be rescued from the latter, weeks ...
THE PATHOGENICITY OF AN ISOLATE OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL
... The IBDV was obtained as a 20% suspension, in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), of the bursa of chickens that died Qf outbreaks of IBD confirmed by methods already described by 0 k 0 y e and U Z 0 u k w u (1981). Thfi 5 suspension was found to contain bursal lesion (BL 50 ) titre of 10 • /0.5 ml by m ...
... The IBDV was obtained as a 20% suspension, in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), of the bursa of chickens that died Qf outbreaks of IBD confirmed by methods already described by 0 k 0 y e and U Z 0 u k w u (1981). Thfi 5 suspension was found to contain bursal lesion (BL 50 ) titre of 10 • /0.5 ml by m ...
Analysis of SAT Type Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus
... Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States of America ...
... Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States of America ...
Lagos bat virus virulence in mice inoculated by the peripheral route
... against any gt1 viruses although they are much less efficacious against the rabies-related lyssaviruses (gt2–gt7) [8]. For example, various rabies vaccines and anti-rabies immune globulins have been shown to fail to protect animals against MOKV, LBV and WCBV [6, 9, 10]. The lyssavirus genome codes for ...
... against any gt1 viruses although they are much less efficacious against the rabies-related lyssaviruses (gt2–gt7) [8]. For example, various rabies vaccines and anti-rabies immune globulins have been shown to fail to protect animals against MOKV, LBV and WCBV [6, 9, 10]. The lyssavirus genome codes for ...
Equine influenza: A review of an unpredictable virus
... 2007), which would suggest that there was a significant mismatch between the vaccine and outbreak strain. However, this was not fully supported by applying the current antigenic criteria for what constitutes a significant mismatch (Newton et al., 2006). In addition to antigenic analysis, the HA1 gene ...
... 2007), which would suggest that there was a significant mismatch between the vaccine and outbreak strain. However, this was not fully supported by applying the current antigenic criteria for what constitutes a significant mismatch (Newton et al., 2006). In addition to antigenic analysis, the HA1 gene ...
cucumber mosaic, and tomato spotted wilt. The tomato mosaic virus
... distributed worldwide and may cause significant losses in the field and greenhouse. TMV is one of the most stable viruses known, able to survive in dried plant debris as long as 100 years. Many strains of TMV have been reported and characterized. TMV can be seedborne in tomato, is readily transmitte ...
... distributed worldwide and may cause significant losses in the field and greenhouse. TMV is one of the most stable viruses known, able to survive in dried plant debris as long as 100 years. Many strains of TMV have been reported and characterized. TMV can be seedborne in tomato, is readily transmitte ...
A monovalent attenuated serotype 2 bluetongue sheep
... p resen ts for th e sheep industry, an "attenuated" monotypic blood vaccine was produced and used for approximately 40 years with some success, but was withdrawn later due to safety and efficacy concerns (The iler 1908). Once it was discovered that BTV can be grown in embryonated hen's eggs and that ...
... p resen ts for th e sheep industry, an "attenuated" monotypic blood vaccine was produced and used for approximately 40 years with some success, but was withdrawn later due to safety and efficacy concerns (The iler 1908). Once it was discovered that BTV can be grown in embryonated hen's eggs and that ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.