glossary - District 196
... IMMUNITY: The body's ability to fight a particular infection. For example, a child acquires immunity to diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and pertussis after natural infection or by vaccination. Newborns initially have the same immune status as their mothers. This immunity usually disappears ...
... IMMUNITY: The body's ability to fight a particular infection. For example, a child acquires immunity to diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and pertussis after natural infection or by vaccination. Newborns initially have the same immune status as their mothers. This immunity usually disappears ...
PDF - Avian and Exotic Veterinary Care, Portland, OR
... Lymphoid neoplasia in chickens and related species is most often due to Marek’s disease (MD), lymphoid leukosis (LL), or reticuloendotheliosis (RE), all of which are caused by viruses. These viruses are common in chicken flocks (especially MD virus), and it can be difficult to differentiate between ...
... Lymphoid neoplasia in chickens and related species is most often due to Marek’s disease (MD), lymphoid leukosis (LL), or reticuloendotheliosis (RE), all of which are caused by viruses. These viruses are common in chicken flocks (especially MD virus), and it can be difficult to differentiate between ...
Document
... • Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. • Most drugs that destroy viruses also destroy the host cell. • The best protection against viruses is provided by vaccines (i.e. weakened strains of the virus that trigger the immune system). • Many viruses mutate continuously rendering vaccines ineffective. ...
... • Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. • Most drugs that destroy viruses also destroy the host cell. • The best protection against viruses is provided by vaccines (i.e. weakened strains of the virus that trigger the immune system). • Many viruses mutate continuously rendering vaccines ineffective. ...
Document
... • Neither grow nor respond to the environment • Cannot reproduce independently • Recruit the cell’s metabolic pathways to increase their numbers • No cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, organelles (with one exception) • Have extracellular and intracellular state ...
... • Neither grow nor respond to the environment • Cannot reproduce independently • Recruit the cell’s metabolic pathways to increase their numbers • No cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, organelles (with one exception) • Have extracellular and intracellular state ...
Talking Points
... One third to one fourth of people who live in Arizona could be sick with the Novel H1N1 flu this season. ...
... One third to one fourth of people who live in Arizona could be sick with the Novel H1N1 flu this season. ...
General Properties of Viruses
... There are two important variation which relate well with medical practices Antigenicity variation: In most viruse the antigenicity is stable but in some viruses such as influenze virus the antigenicity may vary and cause the disease to epidemic. Virulence variation(Virulent viruses): Less virule ...
... There are two important variation which relate well with medical practices Antigenicity variation: In most viruse the antigenicity is stable but in some viruses such as influenze virus the antigenicity may vary and cause the disease to epidemic. Virulence variation(Virulent viruses): Less virule ...
Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk
... AND VIRULENCE – II Lecture for 2nd-year students April 14th, 2008 ...
... AND VIRULENCE – II Lecture for 2nd-year students April 14th, 2008 ...
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases
... infections [16]. We have however, limited knowledge of such zoonosis and the diversity of these pathogens in their known reservoirs. Nevertheless, while there is little information on some of the domestic animals hosting a few dozen virus species, we have insufficient data on wild mammals that harbo ...
... infections [16]. We have however, limited knowledge of such zoonosis and the diversity of these pathogens in their known reservoirs. Nevertheless, while there is little information on some of the domestic animals hosting a few dozen virus species, we have insufficient data on wild mammals that harbo ...
Estimation of the reproductive number of the Spanish flu
... curve of the cumulative number of influenza cases of the first and second waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland [7]. The advantage of using the cumulative over the daily number of new notifications is that the former somewhat smoothes out known reporting delays on weekends and ...
... curve of the cumulative number of influenza cases of the first and second waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland [7]. The advantage of using the cumulative over the daily number of new notifications is that the former somewhat smoothes out known reporting delays on weekends and ...
Review New treatments for viral respiratory tract infections
... clinical activity. Both - and β-interferon, given intranasally before viral challenge, were shown to be effective in protecting against rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza and RSV infection; however, local side-effects and the fact that they were most effective given prophylactically inhibited their ...
... clinical activity. Both - and β-interferon, given intranasally before viral challenge, were shown to be effective in protecting against rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza and RSV infection; however, local side-effects and the fact that they were most effective given prophylactically inhibited their ...
Antibodies from Reconvalescent Donors for the Prevention and
... testing the donations will be an imperfect solution. Despite the implementation of even elaborate nucleic acid test (NAT) algorithms, non-virus inactivated transfusable blood components still occasionally transmit West Nile Virus in the U.S., and similar situations need to be expected in West Africa ...
... testing the donations will be an imperfect solution. Despite the implementation of even elaborate nucleic acid test (NAT) algorithms, non-virus inactivated transfusable blood components still occasionally transmit West Nile Virus in the U.S., and similar situations need to be expected in West Africa ...
Viral respiratory disease in pregnancy
... emergence of new antigenic influenza strains. The strain that appears to raise most concern is a type A avian influenza, H5N1. Wild birds are known to harbor the avian influenza virus in their intestines and act as the natural reservoir for the disease. While the wild birds remain asymptomatic they ...
... emergence of new antigenic influenza strains. The strain that appears to raise most concern is a type A avian influenza, H5N1. Wild birds are known to harbor the avian influenza virus in their intestines and act as the natural reservoir for the disease. While the wild birds remain asymptomatic they ...
Zoonoses on the Arabian Peninsula. A review Running title: Zoonos
... H1N1 have emerged by genetic re-assortment with the avian and human influenza A viruses. A devastating outbreak of avian influenza H5N1 occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2005 when an infected falcon was brought back from a hunting trip in Mongolia. The virus affected most of the poultry population in Saud ...
... H1N1 have emerged by genetic re-assortment with the avian and human influenza A viruses. A devastating outbreak of avian influenza H5N1 occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2005 when an infected falcon was brought back from a hunting trip in Mongolia. The virus affected most of the poultry population in Saud ...
Title Viral shedding, clinical history and transmission of influenza
... infectiousness is likely to be correlated with illness severity, and that asymptomatic persons may be less important in influenza transmission than previously thought. The greatest infectiousness of influenza A virus is within 1 to 2 days following ARI onset. Individuals should take protective measu ...
... infectiousness is likely to be correlated with illness severity, and that asymptomatic persons may be less important in influenza transmission than previously thought. The greatest infectiousness of influenza A virus is within 1 to 2 days following ARI onset. Individuals should take protective measu ...
infectious bursal disease
... IBD is known since 1962 and is also called Gumboro disease (after the town of Gumboro in Delaware (U.S.A.) where first descriptions took place). Synonym is Infectious Avian Nephrosis. It is a highly contagious disease, caused by a Birna virus. The virus is widespread and is present in almost all are ...
... IBD is known since 1962 and is also called Gumboro disease (after the town of Gumboro in Delaware (U.S.A.) where first descriptions took place). Synonym is Infectious Avian Nephrosis. It is a highly contagious disease, caused by a Birna virus. The virus is widespread and is present in almost all are ...
THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION
... 16. Synthesis of Polio Virus (ii) • “Many scientists concluded that the Wimmer experiment was neither a novel discovery nor a potential threat. The general principle that one could make live poliovirus from a DNA template was already known in 1981, when Baltimore and colleagues reported that a DNA ...
... 16. Synthesis of Polio Virus (ii) • “Many scientists concluded that the Wimmer experiment was neither a novel discovery nor a potential threat. The general principle that one could make live poliovirus from a DNA template was already known in 1981, when Baltimore and colleagues reported that a DNA ...
Transmission of Little cherry virus
... Little cherry disease has been associated with two different long flexuous filamentous viruses of the family Closteroviridae. Little cherry virus -1 (LChV-1) is an unassigned member in the family while Little cherry virus -2 (LChV-2) has been assigned to the genus Ampelovirus. Both viruses have been ...
... Little cherry disease has been associated with two different long flexuous filamentous viruses of the family Closteroviridae. Little cherry virus -1 (LChV-1) is an unassigned member in the family while Little cherry virus -2 (LChV-2) has been assigned to the genus Ampelovirus. Both viruses have been ...
ARE YOU PREPARED FOR PANDEMIC H1N1?
... National online CME for front-line clinicians As the pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus spreads around the world, clinicians want easy access to the information they need to be part of a coordinated pandemic response. The online course: Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Tools and strategies for front-line clini ...
... National online CME for front-line clinicians As the pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus spreads around the world, clinicians want easy access to the information they need to be part of a coordinated pandemic response. The online course: Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Tools and strategies for front-line clini ...
Appendix A: Disease-Specific Chapters
... 3.1 Clinical Presentation Influenza is an acute respiratory infection (ARI). Symptoms include, but are not limited to, new or worsening cough, shortness of breath, fever, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and lethargy. Infections in children may also be associated with some gastrointestinal symptoms s ...
... 3.1 Clinical Presentation Influenza is an acute respiratory infection (ARI). Symptoms include, but are not limited to, new or worsening cough, shortness of breath, fever, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and lethargy. Infections in children may also be associated with some gastrointestinal symptoms s ...
Emerging Infections
... Public sanitation and antibiotic drugs have brought about historic increases in the human life span; they have also unintentionally produced new health crises by disrupting the intimate, age-old balance between humans and the microorganisms that inhabit our bodies and our environment. As a result, a ...
... Public sanitation and antibiotic drugs have brought about historic increases in the human life span; they have also unintentionally produced new health crises by disrupting the intimate, age-old balance between humans and the microorganisms that inhabit our bodies and our environment. As a result, a ...
Avian influenza (bird flu): Wild birds Precautions Wild birds can carry
... washed using ordinary washing detergent at the temperature normally used for washing the clothing. 10. Any contaminated indoor surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned with normal household cleaner. Wild birds, nests and advice on licensing Almost all cases of avian influenza in humans to date have bee ...
... washed using ordinary washing detergent at the temperature normally used for washing the clothing. 10. Any contaminated indoor surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned with normal household cleaner. Wild birds, nests and advice on licensing Almost all cases of avian influenza in humans to date have bee ...
Microbes = Microorganisms
... that fight bacterial infections The first antibiotic was discovered in 1928. Alexander Fleming was about to throw out some culture plates contaminated by mold when he noticed that bacteria had stopped growing around the area of mold. ...
... that fight bacterial infections The first antibiotic was discovered in 1928. Alexander Fleming was about to throw out some culture plates contaminated by mold when he noticed that bacteria had stopped growing around the area of mold. ...
A.I.R® Vaccines – A Powerful RNA
... emerging viruses can quickly cause a global calamity. Conventional vaccines, which are usually based on inactivated or engineered viruses, cannot be produced fast enough to stop newly emerging viral threats. As globalization also reaches remote locations, new vaccine approaches are urgently needed t ...
... emerging viruses can quickly cause a global calamity. Conventional vaccines, which are usually based on inactivated or engineered viruses, cannot be produced fast enough to stop newly emerging viral threats. As globalization also reaches remote locations, new vaccine approaches are urgently needed t ...
Chapter 1 What are viruses? - Beck-Shop
... By the beginning of the 20th century, viruses were defined as a group of microbes that were infectious, filterable, and required living cells for their propagation, but the nature of their structure remained a mystery. In the 1930s, tobacco mosaic virus was obtained in crystalline form, suggesting t ...
... By the beginning of the 20th century, viruses were defined as a group of microbes that were infectious, filterable, and required living cells for their propagation, but the nature of their structure remained a mystery. In the 1930s, tobacco mosaic virus was obtained in crystalline form, suggesting t ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.