Red Blood Cell Glycophorins
... GPA. As a consequence, these mutant RBCs maintain a net negative surface charge that is only 20% less than normal, rather than a 60% decrease, which would be expected in a GPA-deficient RBC. Individuals with En(a-) and MkMk RBCs are clinically well. Thus, increased glycosylation of band 3 in En(a-) ...
... GPA. As a consequence, these mutant RBCs maintain a net negative surface charge that is only 20% less than normal, rather than a 60% decrease, which would be expected in a GPA-deficient RBC. Individuals with En(a-) and MkMk RBCs are clinically well. Thus, increased glycosylation of band 3 in En(a-) ...
tethering redox proteins to the outer membrane in Neisseria and
... from the surface of the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Hong et al. [18] showed that the Laz protein or a GST (glutathione transferase) fused to the signal peptide plus Nterminal LCR of Laz enables the globular azurin–GST to be surface-exposed in Neisseria (or indeed on expression in E. coli). ...
... from the surface of the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Hong et al. [18] showed that the Laz protein or a GST (glutathione transferase) fused to the signal peptide plus Nterminal LCR of Laz enables the globular azurin–GST to be surface-exposed in Neisseria (or indeed on expression in E. coli). ...
11-4 Meiosis
... If the body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes, a single sperm cell should have ...
... If the body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes, a single sperm cell should have ...
BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation
... originally isolated and maintained by coculture on a feeder layer of mitotically inactivated mouse embryo fibroblasts (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981). The essential function of the fibroblast feeder layer is provision of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF null fibroblasts are ...
... originally isolated and maintained by coculture on a feeder layer of mitotically inactivated mouse embryo fibroblasts (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981). The essential function of the fibroblast feeder layer is provision of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF null fibroblasts are ...
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by microtubule
... proteins are also present in invertebrates, although they have not been characterized in detail. All, except MAP3/MAP4 proteins, are predominantly found in neurons, and are thought to control microtubule dynamics in vivo. There is a major group of microtubule-interacting proteins that have ATPase ac ...
... proteins are also present in invertebrates, although they have not been characterized in detail. All, except MAP3/MAP4 proteins, are predominantly found in neurons, and are thought to control microtubule dynamics in vivo. There is a major group of microtubule-interacting proteins that have ATPase ac ...
role of potassium in human and animal nutrition 2
... The proper level of potassium is essential for normal cell function. An abnormal increase in potassium (hyperkalemia) or decrease in potassium (hypokalemia) can profoundly affect the nervous system and heart, and when extreme, can be fatal. The normal blood potassium level is 3.5 to 5.0 milliEquival ...
... The proper level of potassium is essential for normal cell function. An abnormal increase in potassium (hyperkalemia) or decrease in potassium (hypokalemia) can profoundly affect the nervous system and heart, and when extreme, can be fatal. The normal blood potassium level is 3.5 to 5.0 milliEquival ...
Red blood cell glycophorins
... LYCOPHORIN-A (GPA), GPB, GPC, and GPD well-characterized, search for the protein encoded by this constitute a group of red blood cell (RBC) transmemgene has yielded negative results. All the expressed glycophbrane proteins that, although perhaps not widely appreciorins are 0-glycosylated proteins wi ...
... LYCOPHORIN-A (GPA), GPB, GPC, and GPD well-characterized, search for the protein encoded by this constitute a group of red blood cell (RBC) transmemgene has yielded negative results. All the expressed glycophbrane proteins that, although perhaps not widely appreciorins are 0-glycosylated proteins wi ...
Insert Title Here
... Q. Give a feature of a plant cell that allows it to remain turgid for long periods. Active transport ...
... Q. Give a feature of a plant cell that allows it to remain turgid for long periods. Active transport ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... consist of a rigid, rod-like cellulose/xyloglucan loadbearing network that is embedded in and interacts with a compression-resistant pectin network (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993). The possibility that covalent cross-links exist between wall polysaccharides is the subject of considerable debate (Carpita ...
... consist of a rigid, rod-like cellulose/xyloglucan loadbearing network that is embedded in and interacts with a compression-resistant pectin network (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993). The possibility that covalent cross-links exist between wall polysaccharides is the subject of considerable debate (Carpita ...
Materials - HAL
... PI(4,5)P2 polar-heads was shown to decrease by 50% the association of PTPL1 with cytoskeletal fraction. These results identify the crucial role of the FERM domain in PTPL1 intracellular targeting and demonstrate that localization of PTPL1 is regulated by phosphoinositide metabolism. ...
... PI(4,5)P2 polar-heads was shown to decrease by 50% the association of PTPL1 with cytoskeletal fraction. These results identify the crucial role of the FERM domain in PTPL1 intracellular targeting and demonstrate that localization of PTPL1 is regulated by phosphoinositide metabolism. ...
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate
... nature of the stimulus and the cell type affected, possibly through their interaction with other transcription factors (see below). ...
... nature of the stimulus and the cell type affected, possibly through their interaction with other transcription factors (see below). ...
Altered Cell Fate in LiCI-Treated Sea Urchin Embryos
... are small and abnormally shaped. The two smaller spheres are attached to the larger one by a ring of constricted cells and together appear to be a greatly enlarged gut. The smallest sphere often contains an invaginated structure. When embryos are exposed to 60 mM LiCl, they undergo cleavage which re ...
... are small and abnormally shaped. The two smaller spheres are attached to the larger one by a ring of constricted cells and together appear to be a greatly enlarged gut. The smallest sphere often contains an invaginated structure. When embryos are exposed to 60 mM LiCl, they undergo cleavage which re ...
video slide
... In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosomes Centrioles Flagella (in some plant sperm) ...
... In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosomes Centrioles Flagella (in some plant sperm) ...
Global regulator H-NS and lipoprotein NlpI influence production of
... reagent upon binding to double stranded DNA (dsDNA); the sensitivity with the conditions used for the assay was 0.004 ng dsDNA/lL. After two rounds of screening, four mutants that increase eDNA and 31 mutants that decrease eDNA more than 2.5 fold were identified (Table 2). These genes encode proteins ...
... reagent upon binding to double stranded DNA (dsDNA); the sensitivity with the conditions used for the assay was 0.004 ng dsDNA/lL. After two rounds of screening, four mutants that increase eDNA and 31 mutants that decrease eDNA more than 2.5 fold were identified (Table 2). These genes encode proteins ...
Prolyl isomerases are important determinants of intracellular pH
... and output of ions between the different cellular compartments and the extracellular environment. Thus at the end the balance of each ion is optimized with the requirements of the cell in every compartment. This process is determined by membrane transporters and the proteins that regulate them. Many ...
... and output of ions between the different cellular compartments and the extracellular environment. Thus at the end the balance of each ion is optimized with the requirements of the cell in every compartment. This process is determined by membrane transporters and the proteins that regulate them. Many ...
Silicification in the Microalgae
... was characterized (Yoshida et al. 2006). Prymnesium neolepis has several layers of oval and hat-shaped siliceous scales (termed liths), 4–6 μm wide by 5–7 μm long, with a hyaline brim, and an elevated region perforated by many pores (Fig. 1f). Other species of Prymnesium have been characterized with ...
... was characterized (Yoshida et al. 2006). Prymnesium neolepis has several layers of oval and hat-shaped siliceous scales (termed liths), 4–6 μm wide by 5–7 μm long, with a hyaline brim, and an elevated region perforated by many pores (Fig. 1f). Other species of Prymnesium have been characterized with ...
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases during receptor
... Intriguing findings suggest that redox regulation of PTPs might be of pathophysiological significance. For example, recent reports have shown reduced basalinduced and growth-factor-induced ROS production in conditions of cell-growth inhibition [45,46]. Thus, antiproliferative conditions might shift ...
... Intriguing findings suggest that redox regulation of PTPs might be of pathophysiological significance. For example, recent reports have shown reduced basalinduced and growth-factor-induced ROS production in conditions of cell-growth inhibition [45,46]. Thus, antiproliferative conditions might shift ...
Suppression by Filarial Parasites Not IL
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
The hypersensitive response is associated with host and nonhost
... is prevented from further growth, resulting in resistance. This accelerated localized plant cell death response is de®ned as the HR. In compatible interactions, the HR is not induced or is induced to a lesser extent and a biotrophic relation can be established, resulting in plant disease. Race-nonsp ...
... is prevented from further growth, resulting in resistance. This accelerated localized plant cell death response is de®ned as the HR. In compatible interactions, the HR is not induced or is induced to a lesser extent and a biotrophic relation can be established, resulting in plant disease. Race-nonsp ...
Regulation of macronutrient transport
... imbalanced fertilizer input, crops do not reach their full potential and soils are depleted of specific nutrients. With fertilizer prices increasing and agriculture (as well as biofuel production) moving into marginal soils, a good understanding of nutrient uptake and usage by the plant becomes ever ...
... imbalanced fertilizer input, crops do not reach their full potential and soils are depleted of specific nutrients. With fertilizer prices increasing and agriculture (as well as biofuel production) moving into marginal soils, a good understanding of nutrient uptake and usage by the plant becomes ever ...
PDF
... polarized proteins became ectopically localized in a defined sequence in the Cfl1C5 neural plate between E8.0 and E9.5, the normal time of cranial neural folding and closure. F-actin was the first protein to appear ectopically on the basal side of the neural epithelium. Puncta of ectopic F-actin wer ...
... polarized proteins became ectopically localized in a defined sequence in the Cfl1C5 neural plate between E8.0 and E9.5, the normal time of cranial neural folding and closure. F-actin was the first protein to appear ectopically on the basal side of the neural epithelium. Puncta of ectopic F-actin wer ...
Cell behaviour and cleft palate in the mutant mouse
... day of development. In the case of the naso-frontal region we have found that increased cell adhesion between the cells in the mutant causes clumping similar to that found elsewhere in the embryo and this retards the tissue expansion which occurs in the normal embryo by secretion of extracellular ma ...
... day of development. In the case of the naso-frontal region we have found that increased cell adhesion between the cells in the mutant causes clumping similar to that found elsewhere in the embryo and this retards the tissue expansion which occurs in the normal embryo by secretion of extracellular ma ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown in low R/FR relative to high R/FR (Supplementary Fig. S1; Supplementary Table S1). Therefore, the effect of a brief low R/FR treatment on cell prolif ...
... A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown in low R/FR relative to high R/FR (Supplementary Fig. S1; Supplementary Table S1). Therefore, the effect of a brief low R/FR treatment on cell prolif ...
Role of glypican 4 in the regulation of convergent extension
... Xnot), ventral (Xvent-1), dorsal (Xgsc) and neural markers (Xen2), we found that embryos injected dorsally with Xgly4Mo exhibited defects in the positioning and morphology of the mesoendodermal and neural tissues, although they expressed normal levels of specific marker genes (Fig. 4C; data not show ...
... Xnot), ventral (Xvent-1), dorsal (Xgsc) and neural markers (Xen2), we found that embryos injected dorsally with Xgly4Mo exhibited defects in the positioning and morphology of the mesoendodermal and neural tissues, although they expressed normal levels of specific marker genes (Fig. 4C; data not show ...
Light Modulates the Biosynthesis and
... HL (Supplemental Fig. S3). The thylakoid membranes form regular multiple parallel layers surrounding the cytoplasm. The carboxysomes were observed as dark polyhedral particles (arrows) in the cytoplasm. Stronger light leads to the increase in carboxysome numbers in cells. Bar = 1 mm. C, Computationa ...
... HL (Supplemental Fig. S3). The thylakoid membranes form regular multiple parallel layers surrounding the cytoplasm. The carboxysomes were observed as dark polyhedral particles (arrows) in the cytoplasm. Stronger light leads to the increase in carboxysome numbers in cells. Bar = 1 mm. C, Computationa ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.