Mutations in the VPS45 gene, a SEC1 homologue, result in vacuolar
... EcoRV and BglII, removing a large portion of VPS45 (see Fig. 1A), and the remainder of the vector sequences were isolated and purified. pHIS3 (from E. Phiziaky) was digested by XhoI, blunted by a Klenow fill-in reaction, and digested with BamHI. The resulting XhoI(blunt)BamHI fragment containing the ...
... EcoRV and BglII, removing a large portion of VPS45 (see Fig. 1A), and the remainder of the vector sequences were isolated and purified. pHIS3 (from E. Phiziaky) was digested by XhoI, blunted by a Klenow fill-in reaction, and digested with BamHI. The resulting XhoI(blunt)BamHI fragment containing the ...
Antibiotics for research
... widely used in the Life Sciences not only to eliminate contamination, but also to identify bacterial mechanisms of resistance, protein modification and DNA/RNA manipulation to develop new antineoplastic compounds. Antibiotics are frequently interchangeably called antibacterials, yet the term antibio ...
... widely used in the Life Sciences not only to eliminate contamination, but also to identify bacterial mechanisms of resistance, protein modification and DNA/RNA manipulation to develop new antineoplastic compounds. Antibiotics are frequently interchangeably called antibacterials, yet the term antibio ...
File - Nepal Pharmacy
... – Adhesion proteins – hold to surface, cells – Receptor proteins – receive messages – Enzymes – speed up reactions – Transport proteins (active and passive) active – require energy to transport passive – no energy required for transport presentation by: Mahendra Kandel ...
... – Adhesion proteins – hold to surface, cells – Receptor proteins – receive messages – Enzymes – speed up reactions – Transport proteins (active and passive) active – require energy to transport passive – no energy required for transport presentation by: Mahendra Kandel ...
Plant Hormones
... Excess heat, pests, excess salt and/or dehydration Wilted plants have high levels of ABA In a drought, ABA increases in some plants, causing the stomata to close, preventing water loss ABA can also produces osmolytes that protect cell membranes from dehydration ...
... Excess heat, pests, excess salt and/or dehydration Wilted plants have high levels of ABA In a drought, ABA increases in some plants, causing the stomata to close, preventing water loss ABA can also produces osmolytes that protect cell membranes from dehydration ...
Mitosis Video Quiz
... • Organelles outside the nucleus perform specialized tasks. • Cytoplasm holds the organelles in place. • The cell membrane separates the cell from other cells and lets nutrients in and waste out. 5. Different cell types have different cycles. • Not all cells reproduce and replace themselves, such as ...
... • Organelles outside the nucleus perform specialized tasks. • Cytoplasm holds the organelles in place. • The cell membrane separates the cell from other cells and lets nutrients in and waste out. 5. Different cell types have different cycles. • Not all cells reproduce and replace themselves, such as ...
Review Article
... Progress through START A requires functioning of the RAS-adenylate cyclase pathway, which regulates the production of cyclic AMP (CAMP).In budding yeast, the proteins encoded by the RASl and RAS2 genes are required to maintain the activity of adenylate cyclase, encoded by CDC35, at levels sufficient ...
... Progress through START A requires functioning of the RAS-adenylate cyclase pathway, which regulates the production of cyclic AMP (CAMP).In budding yeast, the proteins encoded by the RASl and RAS2 genes are required to maintain the activity of adenylate cyclase, encoded by CDC35, at levels sufficient ...
A DNA damage checkpoint pathway coordinates the
... the sensitivity of the selected silenced clones against these genotoxic agents was tested. Strains were grown on rich media supplemented with HU or MMS. As expected, when the atr1 or chk1 gene expression was silenced the cells were more sensitive to these genotoxic stresses (Figure 1C). We found a g ...
... the sensitivity of the selected silenced clones against these genotoxic agents was tested. Strains were grown on rich media supplemented with HU or MMS. As expected, when the atr1 or chk1 gene expression was silenced the cells were more sensitive to these genotoxic stresses (Figure 1C). We found a g ...
FACS-based purification of Arabidopsis microspores, sperm cells
... in the VN at the mature pollen stage (Figure 1A, B). We did not observe any pollen phenotypes in homozygous lines for both transgenes, and the plants are fully fertile, thus indicating that ectopic expression of an additional H2B gene in the VN and an extra copy of MGH3 in the sperm cells did not re ...
... in the VN at the mature pollen stage (Figure 1A, B). We did not observe any pollen phenotypes in homozygous lines for both transgenes, and the plants are fully fertile, thus indicating that ectopic expression of an additional H2B gene in the VN and an extra copy of MGH3 in the sperm cells did not re ...
Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei
... overcome this problem. Elicitation is one of the efficient methods which stimulates the pathways of defense-related secondary metabolites [5]. It has been shown that SA plays an important signaling role in activation of various plant defense responses and SA-elicited plant cell cultures ...
... overcome this problem. Elicitation is one of the efficient methods which stimulates the pathways of defense-related secondary metabolites [5]. It has been shown that SA plays an important signaling role in activation of various plant defense responses and SA-elicited plant cell cultures ...
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter
... and solubility, and tissue specificity. A failure of any one of these factors results in the lack of an observable phenotype in the recovered plant. On the other hand, lethality may have been overlooked. Regeneration of transformed plant lines constitutes a process of selection for individuals that ...
... and solubility, and tissue specificity. A failure of any one of these factors results in the lack of an observable phenotype in the recovered plant. On the other hand, lethality may have been overlooked. Regeneration of transformed plant lines constitutes a process of selection for individuals that ...
Rabphilin mutants defective for Rab3 binding
... The nucleotide-bound state of Rab3A is regulated by a GTPase activating protein (Rab3A-GAP), exchange factors (MSS4, Rab3-GRF, Rab3-GEP) and by binding proteins such as Rab-GDI, Rim and Rabphilin (Burstein et al., 1991; Fukui et al., 1997; Burton et al., 1993; Burstein and Macara, 1992; Wada et al., ...
... The nucleotide-bound state of Rab3A is regulated by a GTPase activating protein (Rab3A-GAP), exchange factors (MSS4, Rab3-GRF, Rab3-GEP) and by binding proteins such as Rab-GDI, Rim and Rabphilin (Burstein et al., 1991; Fukui et al., 1997; Burton et al., 1993; Burstein and Macara, 1992; Wada et al., ...
Single-molecule imaging in live bacteria cells
... technical challenges. Their small size requires higher observation rates as fast diffusing molecules tend to reach the boundaries of the cell in a short time [1]. Furthermore, single-molecule imaging of membrane-bound molecules requires an analysis that is mindful of the curvature of the outer envel ...
... technical challenges. Their small size requires higher observation rates as fast diffusing molecules tend to reach the boundaries of the cell in a short time [1]. Furthermore, single-molecule imaging of membrane-bound molecules requires an analysis that is mindful of the curvature of the outer envel ...
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and
... I have often drawn attention to the errors of interpretation which may arise from failure to recognize that many bacteria are divided into numerous, small cells by cross-walls and septa (Bisset, 1948a, b, 1950, 1951a, 1952a, b ) . This is especially true of Bacillus and Mycobacterium. These observat ...
... I have often drawn attention to the errors of interpretation which may arise from failure to recognize that many bacteria are divided into numerous, small cells by cross-walls and septa (Bisset, 1948a, b, 1950, 1951a, 1952a, b ) . This is especially true of Bacillus and Mycobacterium. These observat ...
Ultrastructural Evidences for Endothelial Cell - Leukocytes
... this migration occurs through the endothelial cells themselves not through the interendothelial junctions at least in many instances relying on our extensive examinations.Motility of the lymphocytes is provided by the sentriole pair and associated cytoskeletal elements.We observed sentrioles of migr ...
... this migration occurs through the endothelial cells themselves not through the interendothelial junctions at least in many instances relying on our extensive examinations.Motility of the lymphocytes is provided by the sentriole pair and associated cytoskeletal elements.We observed sentrioles of migr ...
Chapter 14
... Other proteins are anchored in the inner leaflet by covalently attached lipids. They are translated on free ribosomes and modified by myristic acid, prenyl groups, or palmitic acid. Many of these proteins (including Src and Ras) play roles in signal ...
... Other proteins are anchored in the inner leaflet by covalently attached lipids. They are translated on free ribosomes and modified by myristic acid, prenyl groups, or palmitic acid. Many of these proteins (including Src and Ras) play roles in signal ...
Optical Deformability as an Inherent Cell Marker for Testing
... cell (Janmey et al., 1991). On the other hand, the momentum carried by light and the forces it can exert upon impact on material objects are minute and not noticeable on macroscopic length scales. It is exactly these small forces induced by light, however, that prove to be ideal for the deformation ...
... cell (Janmey et al., 1991). On the other hand, the momentum carried by light and the forces it can exert upon impact on material objects are minute and not noticeable on macroscopic length scales. It is exactly these small forces induced by light, however, that prove to be ideal for the deformation ...
Key concepts -- Lecture 5 IB 168: Spring 2006 Polypodiales
... Worldwide in distribution; most diverse in tropics (where high humidity; equable climate year-round and through time). Ancient (date back to Paleozoic) but most modern fern diversity ("higher leptosporangiate ferns") arose much more recently, at same time that flowering plants diversified, in late M ...
... Worldwide in distribution; most diverse in tropics (where high humidity; equable climate year-round and through time). Ancient (date back to Paleozoic) but most modern fern diversity ("higher leptosporangiate ferns") arose much more recently, at same time that flowering plants diversified, in late M ...
PDF
... plate, from the normal to the abnormal side. This mechanism of midline violation will be referred to as crossover. To decide which of these mechanisms, switching or crossover, is responsible for the midline violation observed after N teloblast ablation, embryos in which one N teloblast had been abla ...
... plate, from the normal to the abnormal side. This mechanism of midline violation will be referred to as crossover. To decide which of these mechanisms, switching or crossover, is responsible for the midline violation observed after N teloblast ablation, embryos in which one N teloblast had been abla ...
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... It can be a sheet of cuboidal, columnar or squamous (flattened) cells, or contain a mixture of cell shapes of varying height to give the appearance of multiple layers ( pseudostratification), or even consist of any of the above in multiple layers and be truly stratified. However, for all stages and ...
... It can be a sheet of cuboidal, columnar or squamous (flattened) cells, or contain a mixture of cell shapes of varying height to give the appearance of multiple layers ( pseudostratification), or even consist of any of the above in multiple layers and be truly stratified. However, for all stages and ...
Barbara McClintock - Nobel Lecture
... the fragment could be a ring-chromosome, and that losses of the fragment were caused by an exchange between sister chromatids following replication of the ring. This would produce a double-size ring with two centromeres. In the following anaphase, passage of the centromeres to opposite poles would p ...
... the fragment could be a ring-chromosome, and that losses of the fragment were caused by an exchange between sister chromatids following replication of the ring. This would produce a double-size ring with two centromeres. In the following anaphase, passage of the centromeres to opposite poles would p ...
Ultrastructural Aspects of Human and Canine Diabetic
... was no significant difference in the two species. The retinal capillaries, which have been well described in various species,9"12 consist of a lumen varying from 4 to 7 fx in diameter, which is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of endothelial cytoplasm varying from 0.1 to 0.3 /x in thickness. Oc ...
... was no significant difference in the two species. The retinal capillaries, which have been well described in various species,9"12 consist of a lumen varying from 4 to 7 fx in diameter, which is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of endothelial cytoplasm varying from 0.1 to 0.3 /x in thickness. Oc ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
... cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal that promotes cell division in each model is necessary but not suff ...
... cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal that promotes cell division in each model is necessary but not suff ...
Photon Mapping on Programmable Graphics Hardware
... – Simulating the movement of photons and recording their interactions with each surface – During rendering, using the photon density around a point on a surface to determine its radiance ...
... – Simulating the movement of photons and recording their interactions with each surface – During rendering, using the photon density around a point on a surface to determine its radiance ...
Bacteria 2014
... DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. ...
... DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. ...
Regulation of Microbe-Associated Molecular
... The online version of this article contains Web-only data. [OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.109.151852 ...
... The online version of this article contains Web-only data. [OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.109.151852 ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.