POTASSIUM BALANCE
... Gitelman syndrome). – Impaired sodium chloride reabsorption leads to mild volume depletion and activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system. – The combination of secondary hyperaldosteronism and increased distal flow and sodium delivery enhances potassium and hydrogen secretion at the secre ...
... Gitelman syndrome). – Impaired sodium chloride reabsorption leads to mild volume depletion and activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system. – The combination of secondary hyperaldosteronism and increased distal flow and sodium delivery enhances potassium and hydrogen secretion at the secre ...
Genetics and Heredity: The Blueprint of Life
... of learning more about heredity and genetics. How might our developing knowledge of these subjects contribute to the prevention of disease, the evolution of a smarter and healthier population, and an increased life span? Tell students they are going to learn more about the fascinating world of genet ...
... of learning more about heredity and genetics. How might our developing knowledge of these subjects contribute to the prevention of disease, the evolution of a smarter and healthier population, and an increased life span? Tell students they are going to learn more about the fascinating world of genet ...
Signalling in Plant Lateral Organ Development
... 2000). Repression of AS1 by STM can therefore be considered part of the mechanism responsible for elaborating lateral organ and non–lateral organ fates in shoots, but does not identify the underlying prepattern to which STM expression responds. An additional category of genes overlaps in expression ...
... 2000). Repression of AS1 by STM can therefore be considered part of the mechanism responsible for elaborating lateral organ and non–lateral organ fates in shoots, but does not identify the underlying prepattern to which STM expression responds. An additional category of genes overlaps in expression ...
Information, Noise and Communication: Thresholds as Controlling
... G. Witzany and F. Baluška (eds.), Biocommunication of Plants, Signaling and Communication in Plants 14, ...
... G. Witzany and F. Baluška (eds.), Biocommunication of Plants, Signaling and Communication in Plants 14, ...
Cell Transport B
... Primary Active Transport Remember the opposite values for Na+ and K+ . • Na+ high outside, and K+ high inside • All cells have leakage channels for these ions • This means that Na+ “leaks” into the cell and K+ “leaks” out through their respective channels due to respective concentration gradients ...
... Primary Active Transport Remember the opposite values for Na+ and K+ . • Na+ high outside, and K+ high inside • All cells have leakage channels for these ions • This means that Na+ “leaks” into the cell and K+ “leaks” out through their respective channels due to respective concentration gradients ...
Macromolecule Lecture Notes
... Cellulose, which plant fiber, cannot be digested by human beings. Cellulose passes through the digestive tract without being absorbed into the body - this is the fiber we need to keep our intestines healthy. Complex carbohydrates are long chains of simple sugar units bonded together. Zoom out into t ...
... Cellulose, which plant fiber, cannot be digested by human beings. Cellulose passes through the digestive tract without being absorbed into the body - this is the fiber we need to keep our intestines healthy. Complex carbohydrates are long chains of simple sugar units bonded together. Zoom out into t ...
(endosymbiotic) origin of the nucleus - Université Paris-Sud
... archaea and bacteria, but it does not advance any energyrelated explanation for the origin of the nucleus. A third argument deals with structural characteristics of the nuclear membrane. As Staub et al. posit ‘‘no free-living prokaryote is separated from the environment in the same manner in which t ...
... archaea and bacteria, but it does not advance any energyrelated explanation for the origin of the nucleus. A third argument deals with structural characteristics of the nuclear membrane. As Staub et al. posit ‘‘no free-living prokaryote is separated from the environment in the same manner in which t ...
Lysophospholipids and fat digestibility
... for the transport of substances. This characteristic also depends on the shape and charge of these molecules, and it affects how complex mixtures of phospholipids are able to arrange themselves macroscopically in a highly organized way. A second attribute of phospholipids is its surfactant effect, i ...
... for the transport of substances. This characteristic also depends on the shape and charge of these molecules, and it affects how complex mixtures of phospholipids are able to arrange themselves macroscopically in a highly organized way. A second attribute of phospholipids is its surfactant effect, i ...
File - need help with revision notes?
... within the plant for longer as they are not a close fit for the enzymes that break them down. It is also thought that they may be able to enter cells through transporters in the plasma membrane, but cannot leave through the transporters that would usually allow natural auxins out by facilitated diff ...
... within the plant for longer as they are not a close fit for the enzymes that break them down. It is also thought that they may be able to enter cells through transporters in the plasma membrane, but cannot leave through the transporters that would usually allow natural auxins out by facilitated diff ...
OPEN STOMATA1 opens the door to ABA signaling in Arabidopsis
... protein kinases of Arabidopsis, which have been given the appellation OST1-kinase-like (OSKL) 2– 10 [2]. Apparently none of these family members has redundant function with OST1 in guard cells because null mutation of ost1 suffices to confer the guard-cell ABA-insensitive phenotype. It will be inter ...
... protein kinases of Arabidopsis, which have been given the appellation OST1-kinase-like (OSKL) 2– 10 [2]. Apparently none of these family members has redundant function with OST1 in guard cells because null mutation of ost1 suffices to confer the guard-cell ABA-insensitive phenotype. It will be inter ...
flow cytometric measurement of reactive oxygen species production
... ecosystem can lead to biological damage. The aquatic environment represents the largest sink for accumulation of xenobiotics and nucleated red blood cells of fish are directly exposed to pollutants. Despite their structural simplicity, the erythrocytes of lower vertebrates preserve nucleus and mitoc ...
... ecosystem can lead to biological damage. The aquatic environment represents the largest sink for accumulation of xenobiotics and nucleated red blood cells of fish are directly exposed to pollutants. Despite their structural simplicity, the erythrocytes of lower vertebrates preserve nucleus and mitoc ...
Serum-Free Media
... This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of t ...
... This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of t ...
Microautophagy and macropexophagy may occur
... It has been demonstrated in a number of yeast species that the various protein sorting pathways to the vacuole (e.g., autophagy, the Cvt pathway, pexophagy, endocytosis) share the function of various proteins [10,25–27]. However, recent studies have indicated that many of these proteins are not requ ...
... It has been demonstrated in a number of yeast species that the various protein sorting pathways to the vacuole (e.g., autophagy, the Cvt pathway, pexophagy, endocytosis) share the function of various proteins [10,25–27]. However, recent studies have indicated that many of these proteins are not requ ...
The Expression of Slow Myosin During Mammalian Somitogenesis
... simplest interpretation of these data is that embryonic myoblasts, which express slow myosin in vivo and in vitro, fuse to form the primary generation of fibers in vivo (and therefore slow myosin is constantly present in vivo), whereas fetal myoblasts, which appear after the 13th day of development, ...
... simplest interpretation of these data is that embryonic myoblasts, which express slow myosin in vivo and in vitro, fuse to form the primary generation of fibers in vivo (and therefore slow myosin is constantly present in vivo), whereas fetal myoblasts, which appear after the 13th day of development, ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... transmembrane domain of Bax completely abolished targeting to mitochondria. Bax expression was followed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Treatment of protoplasts with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L -cysteine (NAC) during induction of Bax expression strongly suppressed Bax-mediated ROS prod ...
... transmembrane domain of Bax completely abolished targeting to mitochondria. Bax expression was followed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Treatment of protoplasts with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L -cysteine (NAC) during induction of Bax expression strongly suppressed Bax-mediated ROS prod ...
The PXY-CLE41 receptor ligand pair defines a
... in plant meristems has come from studies of the vascular meristem where the highly ordered nature of vascular development makes it an excellent system for studying the mechanisms that control the orientation of cell division. In contrast to initials in apical meristems, vascular initials are long th ...
... in plant meristems has come from studies of the vascular meristem where the highly ordered nature of vascular development makes it an excellent system for studying the mechanisms that control the orientation of cell division. In contrast to initials in apical meristems, vascular initials are long th ...
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
... components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulatory data and the much more limited functional and intermolecular interaction information on five plant cell wall protein clas ...
... components, but relatively little is known about their precise functions and intermolecular interactions. In this review, I will discuss the accumulated structural and regulatory data and the much more limited functional and intermolecular interaction information on five plant cell wall protein clas ...
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles: Comparison
... FIGURE 5. Morphological changes of MSTO cell cultures after 6 days incubation: (A) control cells without treatment; (B) 7.5 ppm crocidolite (see arrow for a single fiber), enlargement of a single cell which has increased in size, fibers surrounding the cell; (C) 7.5 ppm ZrO2, no visible changes in ...
... FIGURE 5. Morphological changes of MSTO cell cultures after 6 days incubation: (A) control cells without treatment; (B) 7.5 ppm crocidolite (see arrow for a single fiber), enlargement of a single cell which has increased in size, fibers surrounding the cell; (C) 7.5 ppm ZrO2, no visible changes in ...
lncreased Expression of Vacuolar Aquaporin and
... F-86000 Poitiers, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01 Japan (M.M.);and lnstitut für Botanik, Schnittspahnstrasse, 3-5 Darmstadt, Cermany (R.R.) xenobiotics (Martinoia et al., 1993) are presumed to be stored indefinitely within the vacuole. Beca ...
... F-86000 Poitiers, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01 Japan (M.M.);and lnstitut für Botanik, Schnittspahnstrasse, 3-5 Darmstadt, Cermany (R.R.) xenobiotics (Martinoia et al., 1993) are presumed to be stored indefinitely within the vacuole. Beca ...
Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death
... Specific calpain and aspartyl proteases are implicated in the execution of necrotic cell death in both nematodes and mammals (Syntichaki et al., 2002; Yoshida et al., 2002), and the importance of calpain and aspartyl protease activation in acute cell injury and necrotic cell death triggered by calci ...
... Specific calpain and aspartyl proteases are implicated in the execution of necrotic cell death in both nematodes and mammals (Syntichaki et al., 2002; Yoshida et al., 2002), and the importance of calpain and aspartyl protease activation in acute cell injury and necrotic cell death triggered by calci ...
The D-Type Alfalfa Cyclin Gene cycMs4 Complements
... analyzed at high magnification. A region of cortex cells of this section is shown in Figure 4D. Although high levels of cycMs4 mRNA were present in three adjacent cells (indicated by arrowheads in Figure 4D), several cells belonging to the same file did not contain any transcript, indicating that th ...
... analyzed at high magnification. A region of cortex cells of this section is shown in Figure 4D. Although high levels of cycMs4 mRNA were present in three adjacent cells (indicated by arrowheads in Figure 4D), several cells belonging to the same file did not contain any transcript, indicating that th ...
Targeting Nitric Oxide Mediated Upregulation of Membrane
... the treatment of a variety of cancers including non-Hodgkins lymphoma (Rituximab), breast cancer (Trustuzumab), acute myeloid leukaemia (Gemtuzumab), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Alemtuzumab) and colorectal cancer (Cetuximab, and Bevacizumab). Although the targets for therapeutic antibodies ...
... the treatment of a variety of cancers including non-Hodgkins lymphoma (Rituximab), breast cancer (Trustuzumab), acute myeloid leukaemia (Gemtuzumab), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Alemtuzumab) and colorectal cancer (Cetuximab, and Bevacizumab). Although the targets for therapeutic antibodies ...
actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles
... and in Mytilus sperm (39). Since most of the above examples include movements related to the cell surface, clearly one function of the association of actin filaments with membranes is to couple the motile event with the cell surface. By anchoring one of the contractile proteins, generation of force ...
... and in Mytilus sperm (39). Since most of the above examples include movements related to the cell surface, clearly one function of the association of actin filaments with membranes is to couple the motile event with the cell surface. By anchoring one of the contractile proteins, generation of force ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
... A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. B) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. C) The patientʹs red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the ce ...
... A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. B) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. C) The patientʹs red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the ce ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.