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Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration

... membranes (high acidity) H+ flows through protein pump called ATP synthase toward e- and their acceptor (OXYGEN) This creates water and also Is used to generated energy to add P to ADP ATP is generated using oxidative phosphorylation ...
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... High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed into and along the . electron transport chain The energy from the electrons moving down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the . inner membrane H+ ions build up in the space, making it positively charged and making the matrix negatively char ...
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Electron transport chain



An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.
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