Environment and Ecology
... • Analyze and explain the changes in an animal population over time. • Explain how a habitat management practice affects a population. • Explain the differences among threatened, endangered and extinct species. • Identify Pennsylvania plants and animals that are on the threatened or endangered list. ...
... • Analyze and explain the changes in an animal population over time. • Explain how a habitat management practice affects a population. • Explain the differences among threatened, endangered and extinct species. • Identify Pennsylvania plants and animals that are on the threatened or endangered list. ...
Trophic Cascades in Lakes:
... independent of nutrient loading and primary production. The key food web features of lakes that promote cascades are relatively stable and abundant populations of piscivores and large-bodied zooplankton grazers especially large species of Daphnia. Lakes in the Landscape Cross-ecosystem subsidies are ...
... independent of nutrient loading and primary production. The key food web features of lakes that promote cascades are relatively stable and abundant populations of piscivores and large-bodied zooplankton grazers especially large species of Daphnia. Lakes in the Landscape Cross-ecosystem subsidies are ...
FREE Sample Here
... 1) What is meant by "the environment is defined relative to the individual"? Answer: The environment considers all external factors that influence survival, growth, and reproduction of an organism. What constitutes part of the environment for one organism may play no role in the life of another and ...
... 1) What is meant by "the environment is defined relative to the individual"? Answer: The environment considers all external factors that influence survival, growth, and reproduction of an organism. What constitutes part of the environment for one organism may play no role in the life of another and ...
Interim koala referral advice for proponents
... survival of the listed species and avoiding actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the species in other ways, such as constructing a road adjacent to habitat which is likely to increase vehicle-related koala fatalities. If you believe that your options to avoid such impacts are not ...
... survival of the listed species and avoiding actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the species in other ways, such as constructing a road adjacent to habitat which is likely to increase vehicle-related koala fatalities. If you believe that your options to avoid such impacts are not ...
Strategic overview of influences of aquaculture on
... Much of Ireland’s aquaculture is less intensive than in other nations. The salmon growing sites on the west coast of Ireland also occur in comparatively high energy environments, such that impacts like seabed anoxia and nutrient enrichment, are not as big an issue in Ireland when compared with other ...
... Much of Ireland’s aquaculture is less intensive than in other nations. The salmon growing sites on the west coast of Ireland also occur in comparatively high energy environments, such that impacts like seabed anoxia and nutrient enrichment, are not as big an issue in Ireland when compared with other ...
Open or download EMP bulletin as a PDF file
... Is Chromolaena already too widespread to eradicate in Hawai‘i? Can Hawai‘i’s imperiled ecosystems handle yet another threat? Can Hawai‘i’s natural resource managers afford not to control Chromolaena? As surveys are concluded, OANRP and its partner agencies will think critically about these questions ...
... Is Chromolaena already too widespread to eradicate in Hawai‘i? Can Hawai‘i’s imperiled ecosystems handle yet another threat? Can Hawai‘i’s natural resource managers afford not to control Chromolaena? As surveys are concluded, OANRP and its partner agencies will think critically about these questions ...
New England Cottontail - Environmental Defense Fund
... created early-successional habitats such as native shrublands, thickets, and young forests. European settlement and forest clearing for farmland played a large role in the availability of shrub thickets and early-successional forest in New England. In the early 1800s, over 80 percent of New England’ ...
... created early-successional habitats such as native shrublands, thickets, and young forests. European settlement and forest clearing for farmland played a large role in the availability of shrub thickets and early-successional forest in New England. In the early 1800s, over 80 percent of New England’ ...
Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure
... Abstract. Species invasion is of increasing concern as non-native species often have negative impacts on ecosystems that they were introduced to. Invaders negatively affect the abundance of native species due to direct interactions like predation and competition. Additionally, invaders may benefit n ...
... Abstract. Species invasion is of increasing concern as non-native species often have negative impacts on ecosystems that they were introduced to. Invaders negatively affect the abundance of native species due to direct interactions like predation and competition. Additionally, invaders may benefit n ...
The Role of Consumers in Community Diversity
... 3. Consumers can determine the distribution of biomass among trophic groups; 4. Stability and reliability of systems & populations is affected by trophic structure as well as numbers of species within trophic groups; 5. Interactions may exist between diversity at one level and diversity at another. ...
... 3. Consumers can determine the distribution of biomass among trophic groups; 4. Stability and reliability of systems & populations is affected by trophic structure as well as numbers of species within trophic groups; 5. Interactions may exist between diversity at one level and diversity at another. ...
Crossfertilizing aquatic and terrestrial research to understand
... THE CONTINGENCY OF RISK EFFECTS The threat of predation often induces behavioral modification (e.g., avoidance and increased vigilance) that reduces prey foraging investment.24,53 Consequently, predator presence is generally assumed to benefit species serving as food for prey. Growing evidence sugge ...
... THE CONTINGENCY OF RISK EFFECTS The threat of predation often induces behavioral modification (e.g., avoidance and increased vigilance) that reduces prey foraging investment.24,53 Consequently, predator presence is generally assumed to benefit species serving as food for prey. Growing evidence sugge ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... settling at the time the crevices were created and are known to be attracted by adult barnacle extracts (e.g., Miron et al. (1996) and references therein). Stage-II mimics were created by removing all mussels in the bottom of crevices by scraping and by removing all organisms associated with both ba ...
... settling at the time the crevices were created and are known to be attracted by adult barnacle extracts (e.g., Miron et al. (1996) and references therein). Stage-II mimics were created by removing all mussels in the bottom of crevices by scraping and by removing all organisms associated with both ba ...
Do Inhibitory Interactions Between Detritivores
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
The Marine Outcomes Monitoring framework
... index information for particular species and specific regions (Loh, 2002). The index, derived for marine, terrestrial and freshwater species is an excellent example of a monitoring platform for illustrating how indices should be developed and presented (Loh, 2002). The ‘State of the Nation’s Ecosyst ...
... index information for particular species and specific regions (Loh, 2002). The index, derived for marine, terrestrial and freshwater species is an excellent example of a monitoring platform for illustrating how indices should be developed and presented (Loh, 2002). The ‘State of the Nation’s Ecosyst ...
Biodiversity Plan - Banyule City Council
... • orchids in an isolated bushland reserve may not be found by their pollinators leading to lack of seed set and decline in the population. • eucalypts may come under insect attack as insectivorous birds lack the vegetation cover to access those trees, • grasses may grow dense without large herbivore ...
... • orchids in an isolated bushland reserve may not be found by their pollinators leading to lack of seed set and decline in the population. • eucalypts may come under insect attack as insectivorous birds lack the vegetation cover to access those trees, • grasses may grow dense without large herbivore ...
Compensation masks trophic cascades in complex food
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Aug. 9, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/068569. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Aug. 9, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/068569. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Driving mechanisms of overstorey–understorey
... for most of the total vascular plant species diversity in deciduous forests, leading to an average understorey–overstorey species richness ratio of 5 (Gilliam, 2014). In coniferous stands, this ratio may even be higher, due to lower overstorey richness in general (Gilliam, 2007). Moreover, the under ...
... for most of the total vascular plant species diversity in deciduous forests, leading to an average understorey–overstorey species richness ratio of 5 (Gilliam, 2014). In coniferous stands, this ratio may even be higher, due to lower overstorey richness in general (Gilliam, 2007). Moreover, the under ...
Intraspecific trait variation across scales: implications for
... individual- or population-based population models that have a focus on predicting the composition and dynamics of the vegetation by describing physiological processes such as photosynthesis and water uptake, biotic interactions, and disturbances. In principle, the structure of these models is well s ...
... individual- or population-based population models that have a focus on predicting the composition and dynamics of the vegetation by describing physiological processes such as photosynthesis and water uptake, biotic interactions, and disturbances. In principle, the structure of these models is well s ...
international carnivore conservation and management with
... illustrated by wolf population declines initiated by disease transmission from arctic or red fox (Ballard and Krausman 1997). One condition that is conducive to disease transmission that must be recognized is the spatial overlap of wild species with domestic species. The overlap between domestic dog ...
... illustrated by wolf population declines initiated by disease transmission from arctic or red fox (Ballard and Krausman 1997). One condition that is conducive to disease transmission that must be recognized is the spatial overlap of wild species with domestic species. The overlap between domestic dog ...
Seagrasses in the age of sea turtle conservation and
... historical levels is important for maintaining healthy seagrass ecosystems. Although in many parts of the world green turtles remain highly threatened, recent conservation efforts to protect nesting beaches and reduce fishing pressure have been highly successful in some areas. Green turtle populatio ...
... historical levels is important for maintaining healthy seagrass ecosystems. Although in many parts of the world green turtles remain highly threatened, recent conservation efforts to protect nesting beaches and reduce fishing pressure have been highly successful in some areas. Green turtle populatio ...
Fungal Community Ecology: A Hybrid Beast with a Molecular Master
... Figure 1. The many faces of the kingdom Fungi. (a) The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys. Photograph courtesy of Hedwig Triantaphyllou. (b) Fine root of Pinus muricata ensheathed by an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Photograph: Kabir Peay. (c) Intracellular root penetration by an arbuscular mycorrhizal ...
... Figure 1. The many faces of the kingdom Fungi. (a) The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys. Photograph courtesy of Hedwig Triantaphyllou. (b) Fine root of Pinus muricata ensheathed by an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Photograph: Kabir Peay. (c) Intracellular root penetration by an arbuscular mycorrhizal ...
Peay et al 2008 - North American Mycoflora Project
... Figure 1. The many faces of the kingdom Fungi. (a) The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys. Photograph courtesy of Hedwig Triantaphyllou. (b) Fine root of Pinus muricata ensheathed by an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Photograph: Kabir Peay. (c) Intracellular root penetration by an arbuscular mycorrhizal ...
... Figure 1. The many faces of the kingdom Fungi. (a) The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys. Photograph courtesy of Hedwig Triantaphyllou. (b) Fine root of Pinus muricata ensheathed by an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Photograph: Kabir Peay. (c) Intracellular root penetration by an arbuscular mycorrhizal ...
Insect population dynamics meets ecosystem ecology: effects of
... measured in different units (carbon per m2 per year) and at a different level of organization (the community) than is ®tness (proportional representation in the next generation measured at the level of individual plants). Theories of herbivore-mediated changes in nutrient cycling need not be found g ...
... measured in different units (carbon per m2 per year) and at a different level of organization (the community) than is ®tness (proportional representation in the next generation measured at the level of individual plants). Theories of herbivore-mediated changes in nutrient cycling need not be found g ...
Connectivity at the Land-Water Interface
... The movement of material or organisms mediated by biotic vectors is equally frequent in either direction—organisms, whether prey or predators, will often actively move between terrestrial and aquatic systems (Polis et al. 2004). Abiotic mediation, however, more often moves materials, organisms, or n ...
... The movement of material or organisms mediated by biotic vectors is equally frequent in either direction—organisms, whether prey or predators, will often actively move between terrestrial and aquatic systems (Polis et al. 2004). Abiotic mediation, however, more often moves materials, organisms, or n ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... values found as a factor underlying all decisions (consumer). Henning and Karlsson (2011) believes that the related environmental values will relate more strongly to the intention. Kaiser, et al (1999) also explains that ecological values are directly related to ecological behavior intention. That i ...
... values found as a factor underlying all decisions (consumer). Henning and Karlsson (2011) believes that the related environmental values will relate more strongly to the intention. Kaiser, et al (1999) also explains that ecological values are directly related to ecological behavior intention. That i ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.