Ecosystems - Environmental
... Basic ecological principles Major components of ecosystems Matter cycles and energy flow Ecosystem studies ...
... Basic ecological principles Major components of ecosystems Matter cycles and energy flow Ecosystem studies ...
Human Involvement in Food Webs
... Human involvement in food webs has been profound, bringing about enormous and disproportionate losses of large apex predators on land and in water. The losses have modified or even eliminated concatenations of indirect interactions propagating from predators to herbivores to plants, inter alia. Food ...
... Human involvement in food webs has been profound, bringing about enormous and disproportionate losses of large apex predators on land and in water. The losses have modified or even eliminated concatenations of indirect interactions propagating from predators to herbivores to plants, inter alia. Food ...
Consumer versus resource control of producer producer community structure
... opposite was observed in terrestrial systems, where herbivores increased richness and fertilization depressed richness. The signs of the responses in marine habitats were the same as in freshwater (positive for fertilization and negative for herbivory), but average effects did not differ significant ...
... opposite was observed in terrestrial systems, where herbivores increased richness and fertilization depressed richness. The signs of the responses in marine habitats were the same as in freshwater (positive for fertilization and negative for herbivory), but average effects did not differ significant ...
Evolution in Population Parameters: Density
... biology to consider evolution without thinking about ecology, it was not difficult for the earliest ecologists to consider ecology divorced from evolution. Elton (1938, p.127) outlined why: Ecologists ... have inclined to believe that evolution was long and ecology was short ... one of the assumptio ...
... biology to consider evolution without thinking about ecology, it was not difficult for the earliest ecologists to consider ecology divorced from evolution. Elton (1938, p.127) outlined why: Ecologists ... have inclined to believe that evolution was long and ecology was short ... one of the assumptio ...
Parks Conservation and Lands - Commissioner for Sustainability
... having major effects on kangaroo abundance (Caughley et al. 1980, Shepherd 1981, Thompson 1992) and have on occasions even extirpated entire populations of eastern grey kangaroos (Robertshaw and Harden 1989). Thylacines and Tasmanian Devils may well have had a similar effect prior to the arrival of ...
... having major effects on kangaroo abundance (Caughley et al. 1980, Shepherd 1981, Thompson 1992) and have on occasions even extirpated entire populations of eastern grey kangaroos (Robertshaw and Harden 1989). Thylacines and Tasmanian Devils may well have had a similar effect prior to the arrival of ...
as a PDF
... Local adaptation by matching habitat choice occurs when organisms choose among different environments, such that individuals with similar ecological traits cluster together through directed (not random) gene flow. However, exactly in those situations of highly mobile organisms, researchers typically ...
... Local adaptation by matching habitat choice occurs when organisms choose among different environments, such that individuals with similar ecological traits cluster together through directed (not random) gene flow. However, exactly in those situations of highly mobile organisms, researchers typically ...
Moment Approximations of Individual-based Models
... affect the rate of change of the pair correlation densities, and vice versa. Numerical integration of Equations (14.8) and (14.9) clearly indicates the signal of the stochastic process, shown as the smooth curve in Figure 14.2e. At the start, species 1 is favored over species 2, but, after a short p ...
... affect the rate of change of the pair correlation densities, and vice versa. Numerical integration of Equations (14.8) and (14.9) clearly indicates the signal of the stochastic process, shown as the smooth curve in Figure 14.2e. At the start, species 1 is favored over species 2, but, after a short p ...
Disturbance regime and limits on benefits of - Everglades-HUB
... as its impact on communities, is determined by the intensity, duration, and return time of physical events (White and Pickett 1985), and is perhaps modified by refuge use. Intensity (defined here as magnitude of physical event) and duration of a disturbance influence both the strength of the environmen ...
... as its impact on communities, is determined by the intensity, duration, and return time of physical events (White and Pickett 1985), and is perhaps modified by refuge use. Intensity (defined here as magnitude of physical event) and duration of a disturbance influence both the strength of the environmen ...
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... to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), biodiversity can be defined as 'the variety and variability of all living organisms' (Bond 1989). This includes the genetic variability within species and their populations, the variety of species and their life ...
... to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), biodiversity can be defined as 'the variety and variability of all living organisms' (Bond 1989). This includes the genetic variability within species and their populations, the variety of species and their life ...
Ecological Footprint
... YOUR Ecological Footprint Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares (or global hectares “gha”) and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gase ...
... YOUR Ecological Footprint Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares (or global hectares “gha”) and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gase ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine
... that respond dissimilarly to environmental conditions, reducing synchrony and increasing stability (Yachi and Loreau 1999). Species richness can also affect synchrony if the strength of species interactions varies systematically with richness, because competition generally increases synchrony and re ...
... that respond dissimilarly to environmental conditions, reducing synchrony and increasing stability (Yachi and Loreau 1999). Species richness can also affect synchrony if the strength of species interactions varies systematically with richness, because competition generally increases synchrony and re ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
the effect of habitat change on the structure of dung beetle
... The effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages in the north-western Free State was investigated by comparing the fauna of a nature reserve (Sandveld Nature Reserve (SNR) (27°37'S;25°46'E» with that on neighbouring farms. Dung beetle sampling was done in four different localities wit ...
... The effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages in the north-western Free State was investigated by comparing the fauna of a nature reserve (Sandveld Nature Reserve (SNR) (27°37'S;25°46'E» with that on neighbouring farms. Dung beetle sampling was done in four different localities wit ...
Herbivory from Individuals to Ecosystems
... herbivores and therefore reduce the degree to which herbivores limit plants. The HSS paper was important on two grounds. First, it placed herbivory in a multitrophic ecosystem context and thereby formally recognized that herbivores not only consume their own resources but they are in turn resources ...
... herbivores and therefore reduce the degree to which herbivores limit plants. The HSS paper was important on two grounds. First, it placed herbivory in a multitrophic ecosystem context and thereby formally recognized that herbivores not only consume their own resources but they are in turn resources ...
Experiments with the wild at the Oostvaardersplassen
... Some of the most striking differences between rewilding at OVP and the conservation practices prevalent across much of North-West Europe, relate to how site managers deal with surprises. The dominant, equilibrium model of European conservation imagines landscapes tending towards a closed canopy fore ...
... Some of the most striking differences between rewilding at OVP and the conservation practices prevalent across much of North-West Europe, relate to how site managers deal with surprises. The dominant, equilibrium model of European conservation imagines landscapes tending towards a closed canopy fore ...
pdf file - UNM Biology
... effects, and in assessing their full magnitude. First. unless all species (or at least all functional groups of organisms) are monitored, it is likely that indirect pathways will be overlooked, and their consequences will be confused with the results of direct interactions. Second, long-term press e ...
... effects, and in assessing their full magnitude. First. unless all species (or at least all functional groups of organisms) are monitored, it is likely that indirect pathways will be overlooked, and their consequences will be confused with the results of direct interactions. Second, long-term press e ...
Succession - Miss Gerges
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
Grand Kankakee Marsh National Wildlife Refuge
... of the draft environmental assessment were distributed for a 150-day public review and comment period. The Service coordinated its public involvement effort closely, and corresponded frequently with many of the aforementioned entities. To-date, more than 14,000 people from 44 different states have c ...
... of the draft environmental assessment were distributed for a 150-day public review and comment period. The Service coordinated its public involvement effort closely, and corresponded frequently with many of the aforementioned entities. To-date, more than 14,000 people from 44 different states have c ...
Cascading top-down effects of changing oceanic predator
... 2. Here we synthesize the evidence for oceanic top-down control that has emerged over the last decade, focusing on large, high trophic-level predators inhabiting continental shelves, seas, and the open ocean. 3. In these ecosystems, where controlled manipulations are largely infeasible, ‘pseudo-expe ...
... 2. Here we synthesize the evidence for oceanic top-down control that has emerged over the last decade, focusing on large, high trophic-level predators inhabiting continental shelves, seas, and the open ocean. 3. In these ecosystems, where controlled manipulations are largely infeasible, ‘pseudo-expe ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.