Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top
... than the leaves they consume (and the litter that would otherwise fall to the forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in some instances to increased nitrate export in streams, although other systems s ...
... than the leaves they consume (and the litter that would otherwise fall to the forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in some instances to increased nitrate export in streams, although other systems s ...
estuary-net
... through specialized adaptations, so that each species has a unique role in the community. These roles, called niches, can be defined in many ways, but all of them involve using limited resources in a unique way. The concept of the niche is most evident in the way that closely related species differ ...
... through specialized adaptations, so that each species has a unique role in the community. These roles, called niches, can be defined in many ways, but all of them involve using limited resources in a unique way. The concept of the niche is most evident in the way that closely related species differ ...
Phylogenetic diversity stabilizes community
... these studies have investigated how changing species diversity alters the strength of competition or more directly, the degree of niche differences among species. It is important to note, however, that the number of species in a community is a relatively crude proxy of the diversity of species trait ...
... these studies have investigated how changing species diversity alters the strength of competition or more directly, the degree of niche differences among species. It is important to note, however, that the number of species in a community is a relatively crude proxy of the diversity of species trait ...
Chap21 test review
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
LOCAL DISTURBANCE CYCLES AND THE MAINTENANCE OF
... Abstract. In marine systems, the occurrence and implications of disturbance–recovery cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel me ...
... Abstract. In marine systems, the occurrence and implications of disturbance–recovery cycles have been revealed at the landscape level, but only in demographically open or closed systems where landscape-level dynamics are assumed to have no feedback effect on regional dynamics. We present a mussel me ...
Annemarie Nagle
... have even been used to predict future effects of climate change on vegetation patterns on Earth. Tausch, et. al. used information from past fluctuations in plant cover during ancient climate changes as well as “the concepts of thresholds, multiple steady states, and multiple successional pathways [ ...
... have even been used to predict future effects of climate change on vegetation patterns on Earth. Tausch, et. al. used information from past fluctuations in plant cover during ancient climate changes as well as “the concepts of thresholds, multiple steady states, and multiple successional pathways [ ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
Negative competitive effects of invasive plants change with time
... Abstract. Competitive impacts of invasive species may vary across invaded ranges, owing to spatiotemporal gradients in adapted traits and abundance levels. Higher levels of interspecific competition in recently invaded areas may lead invaders to be more competitive. Here, using meta-analysis and hom ...
... Abstract. Competitive impacts of invasive species may vary across invaded ranges, owing to spatiotemporal gradients in adapted traits and abundance levels. Higher levels of interspecific competition in recently invaded areas may lead invaders to be more competitive. Here, using meta-analysis and hom ...
Wood, Paul M., "Biodiversity as the Source of Biological Resources
... states flatly that it ‘defies definition’. Yet these authors and many others have provided general definitions. One of the best is this: Biological diversity encompasses all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms and the ecosystems and ecological processes of which they are parts. It is an u ...
... states flatly that it ‘defies definition’. Yet these authors and many others have provided general definitions. One of the best is this: Biological diversity encompasses all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms and the ecosystems and ecological processes of which they are parts. It is an u ...
The Rise of the Mesopredator
... (habitat and resources) and top-down (apex predator) forces. This approach has been employed nicely in a large-scale study examining the relative influence of apex predators (wolves and lynx) and land-use changes on red fox populations in Sweden (Elmhagen and Rushton 2007). Trade-offs inherent to pr ...
... (habitat and resources) and top-down (apex predator) forces. This approach has been employed nicely in a large-scale study examining the relative influence of apex predators (wolves and lynx) and land-use changes on red fox populations in Sweden (Elmhagen and Rushton 2007). Trade-offs inherent to pr ...
Herbivore physiological response to predation risk and implications
... nutrient requirements and body C:N can be variable between environmental conditions (31). Indeed, in our particular case, grasshoppers freely chose intake levels that exacerbated C ingestion and lead to heightened N release in feces. The proportional digestible carbohydrate-C intake in risk treatmen ...
... nutrient requirements and body C:N can be variable between environmental conditions (31). Indeed, in our particular case, grasshoppers freely chose intake levels that exacerbated C ingestion and lead to heightened N release in feces. The proportional digestible carbohydrate-C intake in risk treatmen ...
Natural enemy interactions constrain pest control in complex
... control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also promote higher pest populations in addition to enemies (14). In the a ...
... control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also promote higher pest populations in addition to enemies (14). In the a ...
Plains bison restoration in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
... this range limit was likely human-caused (Haines 1967). Thus, we make the interesting proposition that if bison are restored to this ecosystem, they should be managed as a sink, not a source population. Sink-population management would require novel techniques for national parks that traditionally h ...
... this range limit was likely human-caused (Haines 1967). Thus, we make the interesting proposition that if bison are restored to this ecosystem, they should be managed as a sink, not a source population. Sink-population management would require novel techniques for national parks that traditionally h ...
Decomposer diversity and identity influence plant
... Abstract. Plant productivity and other ecosystem functions often increase with plant diversity at a local scale. Alongside various plant-centered explanations for this pattern, there is accumulating evidence that multi-trophic interactions shape this relationship. Here, we investigated for the first ...
... Abstract. Plant productivity and other ecosystem functions often increase with plant diversity at a local scale. Alongside various plant-centered explanations for this pattern, there is accumulating evidence that multi-trophic interactions shape this relationship. Here, we investigated for the first ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions
... simple population model and only holds under two assumptions: (i) species’ responses to the environment are similar in magnitude and (ii) all species have similar growth rates. Whether such theoretical predictions hold in natural communities where species differences are unlikely to be symmetrical i ...
... simple population model and only holds under two assumptions: (i) species’ responses to the environment are similar in magnitude and (ii) all species have similar growth rates. Whether such theoretical predictions hold in natural communities where species differences are unlikely to be symmetrical i ...
Marine Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycles
... is rarely limiting in most marine ecosystems; only about 1 percent of the carbon reservoir in the ocean-is involved in primary productivity at any given time , Another major carbon reservoir is atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) , which enters the ocean by gas exchange at the air-water interface. Ad ...
... is rarely limiting in most marine ecosystems; only about 1 percent of the carbon reservoir in the ocean-is involved in primary productivity at any given time , Another major carbon reservoir is atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) , which enters the ocean by gas exchange at the air-water interface. Ad ...
Network ecology: topological constraints on ecosystem dynamics
... In food web ecology, studies have been said to focus on the structure (130), topology (37) or architecture (159) of trophic networks. If we want to avoid conceptual ambiguity, we have to make clear what is meant here by topology and structure (the third expression will not be used here). We will cal ...
... In food web ecology, studies have been said to focus on the structure (130), topology (37) or architecture (159) of trophic networks. If we want to avoid conceptual ambiguity, we have to make clear what is meant here by topology and structure (the third expression will not be used here). We will cal ...
Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals That Agricultural Habitat Provides
... has a semidiurnal mixed tidal regime, and tide levels in part drive the timing of use of estuarine vs. adjacent agricultural habitats. The terrestrial habitat is used particularly during high tides, which in winter can inundate the entire surface area of intertidal flat. However, a radio telemetry s ...
... has a semidiurnal mixed tidal regime, and tide levels in part drive the timing of use of estuarine vs. adjacent agricultural habitats. The terrestrial habitat is used particularly during high tides, which in winter can inundate the entire surface area of intertidal flat. However, a radio telemetry s ...
Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem
... substratum, thereby keeping the community in an early successional stage largely devoid of upright macroalgae), and (b) browsers (i.e., species that remove large, established macroalgae) (Bellwood et al. 2004, Burkepile and Hay 2010). Functional differences among grazers and browsers are well descri ...
... substratum, thereby keeping the community in an early successional stage largely devoid of upright macroalgae), and (b) browsers (i.e., species that remove large, established macroalgae) (Bellwood et al. 2004, Burkepile and Hay 2010). Functional differences among grazers and browsers are well descri ...
The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
Comparison of snail density, standing stock, and body size between
... the data on density, standing stock, and body size available for many taxa. These three measures provide insight into the influence of taxa on the communities and ecosystems where they occur. Density and standing stock are fundamental measures describing the distribution and abundance of species acr ...
... the data on density, standing stock, and body size available for many taxa. These three measures provide insight into the influence of taxa on the communities and ecosystems where they occur. Density and standing stock are fundamental measures describing the distribution and abundance of species acr ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.