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Here - NorMER
... doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0750 Relevance: We found that the spatial pattern of larvae changed over the two climate periods, being more upstream in low North Atlantic Oscillation years. We also demonstrate that spawning distribution and ocean circulation are the main factors shaping this distribution, wh ...
... doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0750 Relevance: We found that the spatial pattern of larvae changed over the two climate periods, being more upstream in low North Atlantic Oscillation years. We also demonstrate that spawning distribution and ocean circulation are the main factors shaping this distribution, wh ...
19Molles5e
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
national unit specification: general information
... Higher National Unit specification: support notes (cont) Unit title: Terrestrial Ecosystems Outcome 2 Factors reducing biodiversity could include pollution (pesticides, heavy metals, contaminated land resulting from former industrial activity), land management practices, introduction of alien speci ...
... Higher National Unit specification: support notes (cont) Unit title: Terrestrial Ecosystems Outcome 2 Factors reducing biodiversity could include pollution (pesticides, heavy metals, contaminated land resulting from former industrial activity), land management practices, introduction of alien speci ...
shipping pathways of effects
... Information on the environmental effects of shipping is multifaceted, with potential consequences on virtually all structures and components of the ecosystem. As such, PoE models for shipping activities can be strongly inter-related. Although this report is focused on the potential linkages between ...
... Information on the environmental effects of shipping is multifaceted, with potential consequences on virtually all structures and components of the ecosystem. As such, PoE models for shipping activities can be strongly inter-related. Although this report is focused on the potential linkages between ...
and Belowground Biodiversity in Terrestrial Ecosystems
... individual and plant community attributes such as root architecture and vegetation cover (Table 1). Alterations to the disturbance regime for soil biota through changes in plant engineering should be confined to situations in which plant life forms (trees, shrubs, grasses) differing from the origina ...
... individual and plant community attributes such as root architecture and vegetation cover (Table 1). Alterations to the disturbance regime for soil biota through changes in plant engineering should be confined to situations in which plant life forms (trees, shrubs, grasses) differing from the origina ...
UNIT1 THE ECOSYSTEMS A ) DEFINITIONS : ECOLOGY
... LIGHT: It is the source of energy for plants to sustain photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of producing food from light, carbon dioxide water and minerals. The result of photosynthesis is oxygen and food. ...
... LIGHT: It is the source of energy for plants to sustain photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of producing food from light, carbon dioxide water and minerals. The result of photosynthesis is oxygen and food. ...
Ecology Review Sheet
... 32. What is an estuary and give an example. Describe why estuaries are one of the most productive biomes on Earth. What is meant by “brackish water”? 33. Where do organisms living in the benthic, aphotic zone get there carbon source and energy source if they are not part of a vent community? ...
... 32. What is an estuary and give an example. Describe why estuaries are one of the most productive biomes on Earth. What is meant by “brackish water”? 33. Where do organisms living in the benthic, aphotic zone get there carbon source and energy source if they are not part of a vent community? ...
Designing Species-Rich, Pest-Suppressive Agroecosystems
... l998). These renewal processes and ecosystem services are largely biological; therefore, their persistence depends on maintenance of ecological diversity and integrity. When these natural services are lost due to biological simplification, the economic and environmental costs can be quite significan ...
... l998). These renewal processes and ecosystem services are largely biological; therefore, their persistence depends on maintenance of ecological diversity and integrity. When these natural services are lost due to biological simplification, the economic and environmental costs can be quite significan ...
Ecosystems: the flux of energy and matter
... of herbivory by consumers does not significantly reduce plant productivity. In this view, nutrient-rich ecosystems will sustain high plant productivity, which will in turn support a large number of herbivores. Other ecologists maintain that consumption by a higher trophic level (top-down control) is ...
... of herbivory by consumers does not significantly reduce plant productivity. In this view, nutrient-rich ecosystems will sustain high plant productivity, which will in turn support a large number of herbivores. Other ecologists maintain that consumption by a higher trophic level (top-down control) is ...
Integrated Ecological- Economic Models
... of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The human population has increased 30% since the latter estimate. Invasive species may be intentionally or unintentionally introduced, often through international trade (Costello ...
... of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The human population has increased 30% since the latter estimate. Invasive species may be intentionally or unintentionally introduced, often through international trade (Costello ...
South African National Biodiversity Institute
... Be the preferred national resource for knowledge management and information ...
... Be the preferred national resource for knowledge management and information ...
Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem
... ecosystems, relevant to the issue of fisheries impacts, have been developed and these have affected the evolution of the Ecopath approach. Thus, the description of the average state of an ecosystem, using Ecopath proper, now serves to parametrize systems of coupled difference and differential equations ...
... ecosystems, relevant to the issue of fisheries impacts, have been developed and these have affected the evolution of the Ecopath approach. Thus, the description of the average state of an ecosystem, using Ecopath proper, now serves to parametrize systems of coupled difference and differential equations ...
The ecology of inland waters
... someone talks whilst the rest listen. There will usually be questions after a talk, or in a later discussion section, but these too are essentially interactions between only two people (the speaker and the questioner) and only rarely does a real discussion ensue. In this workshop, where a major them ...
... someone talks whilst the rest listen. There will usually be questions after a talk, or in a later discussion section, but these too are essentially interactions between only two people (the speaker and the questioner) and only rarely does a real discussion ensue. In this workshop, where a major them ...
Ecosystems
... 1. Describe is to tell or depict in spoken or written words patterns of competition and predator/prey interactions between populations. 2. Organisms interact with one another in a variety of ways. 3. Populations of similar organisms have similar needs and compete more directly than dissimilar organi ...
... 1. Describe is to tell or depict in spoken or written words patterns of competition and predator/prey interactions between populations. 2. Organisms interact with one another in a variety of ways. 3. Populations of similar organisms have similar needs and compete more directly than dissimilar organi ...
IUCN`s ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS OCCASIONAL PAPER
... Numerous institutional efforts have shown the importance of including environmental and natural resource productivity measures in indicators of sustainable economic development. For example, as part of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) in 2012, member nations will co ...
... Numerous institutional efforts have shown the importance of including environmental and natural resource productivity measures in indicators of sustainable economic development. For example, as part of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) in 2012, member nations will co ...
Toward an integration of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
Review Paper Biodiversity Effects on Aquatic Ecosystem Functioning
... processes, acknowledging the complexity of ecosystem functioning (Fig. 1b, point 2). In addition to the one-trophic level approach of many early studies, aquatic ecologists proposed the importance of looking at multitrophic assemblages (DUFFY, 2002; GILLER et al., 2004) and analyzed diversity effect ...
... processes, acknowledging the complexity of ecosystem functioning (Fig. 1b, point 2). In addition to the one-trophic level approach of many early studies, aquatic ecologists proposed the importance of looking at multitrophic assemblages (DUFFY, 2002; GILLER et al., 2004) and analyzed diversity effect ...
Ecological resilience
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Resilience1.jpg?width=300)
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".