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Frontiers of Ecology
... cultured. Nevertheless, they may play a keystone role in community development and function, and their absence may be responsible for some failed attempts at community restoration (Wall Freckman et al. 1997, Brussaard 1998). The importance of these hidden players may become apparent only when they b ...
... cultured. Nevertheless, they may play a keystone role in community development and function, and their absence may be responsible for some failed attempts at community restoration (Wall Freckman et al. 1997, Brussaard 1998). The importance of these hidden players may become apparent only when they b ...
Element Ratios and Aquatic Food Webs
... distribution of elements and, consequently, their ratios. Examples of these influences include the changing dissolved Si : nitrate and the dissolved nitrate : phosphate atomic ratios of water entering coastal waters in many areas of the world. Human society may find that some desirable or dependent ...
... distribution of elements and, consequently, their ratios. Examples of these influences include the changing dissolved Si : nitrate and the dissolved nitrate : phosphate atomic ratios of water entering coastal waters in many areas of the world. Human society may find that some desirable or dependent ...
Effects of Climate Change on Global Seaweed
... our understanding of the relationship between environmental change and the performance of individual seaweeds is based on a loose combination of mechanistic, physiological research, and phenomenological studies that correlate performance with environmental conditions. The seaweed physiological liter ...
... our understanding of the relationship between environmental change and the performance of individual seaweeds is based on a loose combination of mechanistic, physiological research, and phenomenological studies that correlate performance with environmental conditions. The seaweed physiological liter ...
Priority Research and Management Issues for the Imperiled Great
... Any increases in precipitation may be offset by higher evapotranspiration and longer growing seasons caused by increases in temperature (Seagar et al. 2007). Climatic variability and, consequently, frequency of both droughts and floods are predicted to increase. Changes in climate will influence wat ...
... Any increases in precipitation may be offset by higher evapotranspiration and longer growing seasons caused by increases in temperature (Seagar et al. 2007). Climatic variability and, consequently, frequency of both droughts and floods are predicted to increase. Changes in climate will influence wat ...
Chauvet
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
... Includes major atmospheric pool - N2. Only nitrogen fixers can use atmospheric supply directly. Energy-demanding process. N2 reduced to ammonia (NH3). Once N is fixed it is available to organisms. Upon death of an organism, N can be released by fungi and bacteria during decomposition. ...
Stability and Fragility in Arctic Ecosystems
... quoted stability was defined as the continued existence of the system without significant oscillation in the total mass of living material or in population numbers of the species which form the communities contained in the system. This definition does not adequately take into account the ability of ...
... quoted stability was defined as the continued existence of the system without significant oscillation in the total mass of living material or in population numbers of the species which form the communities contained in the system. This definition does not adequately take into account the ability of ...
Duties to Ecosystems
... trees replace gray birch, and beech replace maples; each on average out-competes the other in the deepening shade. In a network of invasions there is minimal integrated process. The fox, its heart, and liver together need meat and water. But the members of a biotic community have no shared needs; th ...
... trees replace gray birch, and beech replace maples; each on average out-competes the other in the deepening shade. In a network of invasions there is minimal integrated process. The fox, its heart, and liver together need meat and water. But the members of a biotic community have no shared needs; th ...
Conservation Outside Protected Areas
... forests need to be managed and monitored for their long-term environmental benefits, and the rights and well-being of local people and workers need to be recognized. At the same time, major industrial organizations representing such industries as logging, mining, and agriculture are lobbying for the ...
... forests need to be managed and monitored for their long-term environmental benefits, and the rights and well-being of local people and workers need to be recognized. At the same time, major industrial organizations representing such industries as logging, mining, and agriculture are lobbying for the ...
CzechWSSD
... The Ministry of the Environment, and in close co-operation with existing bodies, interesting in problems and principles of sustainable development, involving NGO´s, industry. Ministry of labour and social affairs, Ministry of industry and trade, Ministry of agriculture, ministry of health should be ...
... The Ministry of the Environment, and in close co-operation with existing bodies, interesting in problems and principles of sustainable development, involving NGO´s, industry. Ministry of labour and social affairs, Ministry of industry and trade, Ministry of agriculture, ministry of health should be ...
Acid Rain in Washington, should we fret? Eric Ross Environmental
... abatement of pollution. Companies have a certain amount of allowances to accomplish this, if it can be achieved with less then they will have leftovers. The company can save the leftovers or sell them to companies that have run out of their allowances. This is what the EPA says about ...
... abatement of pollution. Companies have a certain amount of allowances to accomplish this, if it can be achieved with less then they will have leftovers. The company can save the leftovers or sell them to companies that have run out of their allowances. This is what the EPA says about ...
What is Coral Bleaching - Mote Marine Laboratory
... water temperatures in conjunction with increased ultraviolet radiation due to calm weather and clear skies. Temperature increase of only 1-2oC, particularly when prolonged, can trigger mass bleaching because most corals live close to their maximum thermal limits. In situations where coral bleaching ...
... water temperatures in conjunction with increased ultraviolet radiation due to calm weather and clear skies. Temperature increase of only 1-2oC, particularly when prolonged, can trigger mass bleaching because most corals live close to their maximum thermal limits. In situations where coral bleaching ...
Title Urban Ecosystem Services in New York City: A Social
... value collapsed into one variable (e.g. global acres and carrying capacity in ecological footprint analyses; (Rees & Wackernagel, 1996)). Though such biophysical analyses provide needed insight into the appropriation of natural capital by the human economy, they offer limited capacity for decision m ...
... value collapsed into one variable (e.g. global acres and carrying capacity in ecological footprint analyses; (Rees & Wackernagel, 1996)). Though such biophysical analyses provide needed insight into the appropriation of natural capital by the human economy, they offer limited capacity for decision m ...
zoned reserve
... closed to fishing, which actually improves fishing success in nearby areas • The United States has adopted a similar zoned reserve system with the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ...
... closed to fishing, which actually improves fishing success in nearby areas • The United States has adopted a similar zoned reserve system with the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ...
58 Presentation The interrelationship between economic growth, environmental protection, climate change, urban
... analysis and assessments over this period. Environmental sustainability assessments will need to be performed in light of the results achieved by the Millennium Development Goals process and taking into account the post-2015 development agenda. The effects of climate change, the growing demand for n ...
... analysis and assessments over this period. Environmental sustainability assessments will need to be performed in light of the results achieved by the Millennium Development Goals process and taking into account the post-2015 development agenda. The effects of climate change, the growing demand for n ...
Impact of Pollutants on Coastal and Benthic Marine Communities
... predict changes at higher levels of biological organisation; i.e. populations, communities or ecosystems [5]. In general, responses at lower biological organisation levels are more specific, sensitive, reproducible and easier to determine, but more difficult to relate with ecological changes. Conver ...
... predict changes at higher levels of biological organisation; i.e. populations, communities or ecosystems [5]. In general, responses at lower biological organisation levels are more specific, sensitive, reproducible and easier to determine, but more difficult to relate with ecological changes. Conver ...
National biodiversity strategy review submission
... I am happy to see it mention decision tools, connectivity, monitoring and action against specific threats. These are all important concepts for biodiversity conservation. However it fails to add details on how they will be used… They seem to have been thrown in as token concepts without any further ...
... I am happy to see it mention decision tools, connectivity, monitoring and action against specific threats. These are all important concepts for biodiversity conservation. However it fails to add details on how they will be used… They seem to have been thrown in as token concepts without any further ...
Alpine and Arctic Ecosystems
... altitudinal advances. Recent climatic changes are considered to be the most likely major driving factor for the changes observed.] Körner C. (1995). Alpine plant diversity: a global survey and functional interpretations. In: “Arctic and alpine biodiversity: Patterns, causes and ecosystem consequence ...
... altitudinal advances. Recent climatic changes are considered to be the most likely major driving factor for the changes observed.] Körner C. (1995). Alpine plant diversity: a global survey and functional interpretations. In: “Arctic and alpine biodiversity: Patterns, causes and ecosystem consequence ...
Host–parasite interactions: a litmus test for ocean acidification?
... The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species and ecosystems have received significant scientific attention in the past 10 years. However, to date, the effects of OA on host–parasite interactions have been largely ignored. As parasites play a multidimensional role in the regulation of ma ...
... The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species and ecosystems have received significant scientific attention in the past 10 years. However, to date, the effects of OA on host–parasite interactions have been largely ignored. As parasites play a multidimensional role in the regulation of ma ...
Predation in Marine Reserves: How Increases in
... Where a reserve is designed to support fisheries through sustained spillover of adults into fished areas, increased abundance of predators within the reserve can limit the site’s effectiveness. If predators are consuming the same target species the fishermen are harvesting, they essentially become c ...
... Where a reserve is designed to support fisheries through sustained spillover of adults into fished areas, increased abundance of predators within the reserve can limit the site’s effectiveness. If predators are consuming the same target species the fishermen are harvesting, they essentially become c ...
Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics
... Various economists, ecologists and environmental researchers have been dissatisfied with the way in which environmental problems and policy are studied by ERE.2 On the one hand, ecological economics offers criticism of the ERE approach, and, on the other, it tries to develop and apply alternative me ...
... Various economists, ecologists and environmental researchers have been dissatisfied with the way in which environmental problems and policy are studied by ERE.2 On the one hand, ecological economics offers criticism of the ERE approach, and, on the other, it tries to develop and apply alternative me ...
2.2 Measuring abiotic components of the system
... These terms should be applied when characterizing real systems. • An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings (for example, an ecosystem). • A closed system exchanges energy but not matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do n ...
... These terms should be applied when characterizing real systems. • An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings (for example, an ecosystem). • A closed system exchanges energy but not matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do n ...
Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
Substitution And Resemblance: Traditional African Drama As
... The Kalabari water spirits are specifically celebrated in a manner that revers their aquatic environment which they feel shapes the structure of their existence and defines social ranks and lineage bonds. This performance reflects nature and the heroes and ancestors of the people‟s culture. Natural ...
... The Kalabari water spirits are specifically celebrated in a manner that revers their aquatic environment which they feel shapes the structure of their existence and defines social ranks and lineage bonds. This performance reflects nature and the heroes and ancestors of the people‟s culture. Natural ...
Ecological engineering: a new direction for agricultural pest
... management. This effect is one of several possible synergistic effects of GE crop use on ecological engineering approaches for pest management explored by Altieri et al. (2004). Ultimately, if GE crops are able to make crop production more efficient, the requirements of society for food and fibre wi ...
... management. This effect is one of several possible synergistic effects of GE crop use on ecological engineering approaches for pest management explored by Altieri et al. (2004). Ultimately, if GE crops are able to make crop production more efficient, the requirements of society for food and fibre wi ...
Ecological resilience
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In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".