Understanding Nutrients: Phosphorus Cycle
... Humans introduce phosphorus through a number of sources: human wastes, animal wastes, industrial wastes, and human disturbance of the land and its vegetation. When this additional phosphorus enters the system, plants respond by excessive plant growth. In aquatic environments, this can have large eff ...
... Humans introduce phosphorus through a number of sources: human wastes, animal wastes, industrial wastes, and human disturbance of the land and its vegetation. When this additional phosphorus enters the system, plants respond by excessive plant growth. In aquatic environments, this can have large eff ...
Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
Ecological Succession
... Weeds appear first, followed by grasses. The next to appear are shrubs, then a pine forest. The mature hardwood oak and hickory trees form the climax community. This is the last stage of succession. These are plants that can reproduce successfully beneath their own shade and can maintain the communi ...
... Weeds appear first, followed by grasses. The next to appear are shrubs, then a pine forest. The mature hardwood oak and hickory trees form the climax community. This is the last stage of succession. These are plants that can reproduce successfully beneath their own shade and can maintain the communi ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Seymour Community School District
... frogs, and microscopic organisms. In addition, organisms that live on the land adjacent to the water might be biotic factors for the salmon. Migratory animals, such as birds that pass through the area, also are biotic factors. The interactions among organisms are necessary for the health of all spec ...
... frogs, and microscopic organisms. In addition, organisms that live on the land adjacent to the water might be biotic factors for the salmon. Migratory animals, such as birds that pass through the area, also are biotic factors. The interactions among organisms are necessary for the health of all spec ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Bellbrook
... frogs, and microscopic organisms. In addition, organisms that live on the land adjacent to the water might be biotic factors for the salmon. Migratory animals, such as birds that pass through the area, also are biotic factors. The interactions among organisms are necessary for the health of all spec ...
... frogs, and microscopic organisms. In addition, organisms that live on the land adjacent to the water might be biotic factors for the salmon. Migratory animals, such as birds that pass through the area, also are biotic factors. The interactions among organisms are necessary for the health of all spec ...
Rebuilding Global Fisheries - Department of Marine and Coastal
... After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is ...
... After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment Comment
... Climate space is about much more than just temperature – moisture availability is key to many sop Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. ...
... Climate space is about much more than just temperature – moisture availability is key to many sop Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. ...
10 Interactions of Life
... competition demand for resources, such as food, water, and shelter, in short supply in a community ...
... competition demand for resources, such as food, water, and shelter, in short supply in a community ...
Marine protected areas - International Society for Reef Studies
... documented from MPAs in many regions of the world including East Africa (McClanahan & Shafir 1990; McClanahan 1994; Watson & Ormond 1994), the Red Sea (Galal et al. 2002), Florida (Clark et al. 1989), the Caribbean (Koslow et al. 1988; Polunin & Roberts 1993; Roberts 1995; Roberts et al. 2001), the ...
... documented from MPAs in many regions of the world including East Africa (McClanahan & Shafir 1990; McClanahan 1994; Watson & Ormond 1994), the Red Sea (Galal et al. 2002), Florida (Clark et al. 1989), the Caribbean (Koslow et al. 1988; Polunin & Roberts 1993; Roberts 1995; Roberts et al. 2001), the ...
PEWOceans.Aquaculture Report
... reserves, and they represent the major management tool discussed in this report. Other, less comprehensive levels of protection from extraction—seasonal closures, bans on taking reproductive individuals, and catch limits— are common in U.S. marine habitats. There ...
... reserves, and they represent the major management tool discussed in this report. Other, less comprehensive levels of protection from extraction—seasonal closures, bans on taking reproductive individuals, and catch limits— are common in U.S. marine habitats. There ...
The Revolution of Science through Scuba
... 2003), without which ecologists may accept the right hypothesis for the wrong reason (Dayton, 1973), fail to recognize strong controlling interactions of consumer species, or oversimplify complex ecological communities, leading to inaccurate generalizations. Although investigations of climate change ...
... 2003), without which ecologists may accept the right hypothesis for the wrong reason (Dayton, 1973), fail to recognize strong controlling interactions of consumer species, or oversimplify complex ecological communities, leading to inaccurate generalizations. Although investigations of climate change ...
5 Kingdoms - WEB . WHRSD . ORG
... Marine species confuse plastic bags, rubber, balloons and confectionery wrappers with prey and ingest them. The debris usually causes a physical blockage in the digestive system, leading to painful internal injuries. ...
... Marine species confuse plastic bags, rubber, balloons and confectionery wrappers with prey and ingest them. The debris usually causes a physical blockage in the digestive system, leading to painful internal injuries. ...
Biodiversity and the African Savanna: Problems of Definition and
... authors , all of whom argued for holism rather than reductionism for further socio-environmental understanding . [37-44]. This is also relevant to the position that paradigmatic and cultural perspectives, within larger knowledge systems, have created polarized viewpoints on environmental phenomena, ...
... authors , all of whom argued for holism rather than reductionism for further socio-environmental understanding . [37-44]. This is also relevant to the position that paradigmatic and cultural perspectives, within larger knowledge systems, have created polarized viewpoints on environmental phenomena, ...
Choosing appropriate temporal and spatial scales for ecological
... Classic ecological restoration seems tacitly to have taken the Clementsian “balance of nature” paradigm for granted: plant succession terminates in a climax community which remains at equilibrium until exogenously disturbed after which the process of succession is restarted until the climax is reach ...
... Classic ecological restoration seems tacitly to have taken the Clementsian “balance of nature” paradigm for granted: plant succession terminates in a climax community which remains at equilibrium until exogenously disturbed after which the process of succession is restarted until the climax is reach ...
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Wetlands in China
... evolution and development. Ecosystem function is the basis of ecosystem structure, determining the nature, productivity, self-purification capacity, buffering capacity of the system, the benefits and hazards of the nature, human society and the economy, as well as the stable and sustainable developm ...
... evolution and development. Ecosystem function is the basis of ecosystem structure, determining the nature, productivity, self-purification capacity, buffering capacity of the system, the benefits and hazards of the nature, human society and the economy, as well as the stable and sustainable developm ...
Consumers Control Diversity and Functioning of a Natural Marine
... ecosystem function [9]. Although snails strongly influenced algal species evenness, they did not affect other aspects of diversity (i.e., species identity, species richness, Shannon-Wiener’s H9, and Simpson’s D). These results suggest that larger-scale processes and the regional species pool drove s ...
... ecosystem function [9]. Although snails strongly influenced algal species evenness, they did not affect other aspects of diversity (i.e., species identity, species richness, Shannon-Wiener’s H9, and Simpson’s D). These results suggest that larger-scale processes and the regional species pool drove s ...
SP10 - Miss S. Harvey
... The abiotic factors in the kelp beds would include (among others) the water temperature, the currents, and factors such as an oil spill. Abiotic and biotic factors are connected to each other (Figure 2). As organisms live, they alter the environment around them, which in turn affects the organisms. ...
... The abiotic factors in the kelp beds would include (among others) the water temperature, the currents, and factors such as an oil spill. Abiotic and biotic factors are connected to each other (Figure 2). As organisms live, they alter the environment around them, which in turn affects the organisms. ...
Module 6 Ecological Principles - Members
... rivers, and from the rich continental shelf to the productive oceans. These systems and the participating organisms are still evolving because the region is very young in geological and evolutionary time scales. It is only a few thousand years since the last ice age ended; the climate is continually ...
... rivers, and from the rich continental shelf to the productive oceans. These systems and the participating organisms are still evolving because the region is very young in geological and evolutionary time scales. It is only a few thousand years since the last ice age ended; the climate is continually ...
Beta diversity of tropical marine benthic assemblages in the
... et al. 2003). Beta-diversity patterns may be the result of dispersal limiting factors or the spatial arrangement of environmental conditions. Similar assemblages in adjacent habitats may be due to either or both of these conditions. Separating the contribution of space and the contribution of enviro ...
... et al. 2003). Beta-diversity patterns may be the result of dispersal limiting factors or the spatial arrangement of environmental conditions. Similar assemblages in adjacent habitats may be due to either or both of these conditions. Separating the contribution of space and the contribution of enviro ...
DRAFT URBAN ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY The
... Biological diversity refers to a variety of nature, including all living organisms and the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity provides the foundation for goods and services that nature provides which are essential for the survival of humans and all living organisms. These ‘ecosystem services’ can be ...
... Biological diversity refers to a variety of nature, including all living organisms and the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity provides the foundation for goods and services that nature provides which are essential for the survival of humans and all living organisms. These ‘ecosystem services’ can be ...
Agents of Pattern Formation: Disturbance Regimes
... Disturbance has been variously defined by ecologists, and with little consensus. Although most people have an intuitive idea of what constitutes a disturbance, precise definition can be elusive. The term perturbation is sometimes used interchangeably with disturbance, although they connote slightly ...
... Disturbance has been variously defined by ecologists, and with little consensus. Although most people have an intuitive idea of what constitutes a disturbance, precise definition can be elusive. The term perturbation is sometimes used interchangeably with disturbance, although they connote slightly ...
Population, community and ecosystem effects of exotic herbivores: A
... Abstract Exotic herbivores represent a serious threat to native biodiversity, producing large scale changes in native communities and altering ecosystem processes. In this special issue, we present a series of case studies and reviews from different areas of the world that highlight (1) the conseque ...
... Abstract Exotic herbivores represent a serious threat to native biodiversity, producing large scale changes in native communities and altering ecosystem processes. In this special issue, we present a series of case studies and reviews from different areas of the world that highlight (1) the conseque ...
Population, community and ecosystem effects of
... Abstract Exotic herbivores represent a serious threat to native biodiversity, producing large scale changes in native communities and altering ecosystem processes. In this special issue, we present a series of case studies and reviews from different areas of the world that highlight (1) the conseque ...
... Abstract Exotic herbivores represent a serious threat to native biodiversity, producing large scale changes in native communities and altering ecosystem processes. In this special issue, we present a series of case studies and reviews from different areas of the world that highlight (1) the conseque ...
Ecological resilience
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".