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Ecology: definition, scope and relationship with other sciences
... 1. Since all of us live in a natural or partly natural ecosystem, then considerable pleasure can be derived by studying the environment around us. 2. Human economies are based on the exploitation and management of nature. Applied ecology is used every day in forestry, fisheries, range management, ag ...
... 1. Since all of us live in a natural or partly natural ecosystem, then considerable pleasure can be derived by studying the environment around us. 2. Human economies are based on the exploitation and management of nature. Applied ecology is used every day in forestry, fisheries, range management, ag ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... considering these as the extensive and intensive aspects, respectively, of the same process. He argues that growth implies increase or expansion, while development involves increase in the amount of organisation or information, which does not depend on the size of the system. According to the thermo ...
... considering these as the extensive and intensive aspects, respectively, of the same process. He argues that growth implies increase or expansion, while development involves increase in the amount of organisation or information, which does not depend on the size of the system. According to the thermo ...
Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of
... et al. 2006; Clark & Tilman 2008), its long-term environmental impacts hinge on whether these changes in composition and diversity are readily reversible. Theory predicts that gradual environmental changes may reduce the resilience of a high-diversity stable state in a competitive community, increas ...
... et al. 2006; Clark & Tilman 2008), its long-term environmental impacts hinge on whether these changes in composition and diversity are readily reversible. Theory predicts that gradual environmental changes may reduce the resilience of a high-diversity stable state in a competitive community, increas ...
Preface 1 PDF
... have particularly been hampered for the European megafauna in the last few centuries and therefore rewilding also promotes wildlife comeback. Ultimately, rewilding is better defined by the strategies that aim at allowing natural processes to regain dominance in landscapes rather than by some fixed s ...
... have particularly been hampered for the European megafauna in the last few centuries and therefore rewilding also promotes wildlife comeback. Ultimately, rewilding is better defined by the strategies that aim at allowing natural processes to regain dominance in landscapes rather than by some fixed s ...
Disturbance, Scale, and Boundary in Wilderness
... In our case, the dancers—the species and ecosystems— are both the products and the producers of the dance. It is easier to observe and write management plans for the dancers; it is much harder to understand and protect the dance, though it is the dance that has produced the very wilderness we seek t ...
... In our case, the dancers—the species and ecosystems— are both the products and the producers of the dance. It is easier to observe and write management plans for the dancers; it is much harder to understand and protect the dance, though it is the dance that has produced the very wilderness we seek t ...
Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2014—In Brief
... Great Barrier Reef. They are important in the life cycle of some marine species and also play a role in slowing overland water flow and trapping sediments and nutrients. While not on the same scale as historic broadscale clearing, without active planning and management, incremental modification of t ...
... Great Barrier Reef. They are important in the life cycle of some marine species and also play a role in slowing overland water flow and trapping sediments and nutrients. While not on the same scale as historic broadscale clearing, without active planning and management, incremental modification of t ...
Draft version: Farley, J. (2012). Natural Capital. Berkshire
... scarcity. As a result, we are now depleting natural capital faster than it can regenerate, and returning waste to the environment faster than it can be absorbed. Depletion of this capital will diminish both nature’s capacity to regenerate the raw materials needed for all economic production and the ...
... scarcity. As a result, we are now depleting natural capital faster than it can regenerate, and returning waste to the environment faster than it can be absorbed. Depletion of this capital will diminish both nature’s capacity to regenerate the raw materials needed for all economic production and the ...
An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low
... serious threats along many coastlines, and will become more serious as a consequence of human-induced changes and accelerated sea-level rise. Over the past century, hard coastal defence structures have become ubiquitous features of coastal landscapes as a response to these threats. The proliferation ...
... serious threats along many coastlines, and will become more serious as a consequence of human-induced changes and accelerated sea-level rise. Over the past century, hard coastal defence structures have become ubiquitous features of coastal landscapes as a response to these threats. The proliferation ...
The Sustainable Development Timeline
... 1975 CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna comes into force. (See.)
1975 Worldwatch Institute established in the U.S. to raise public awareness of
global environmental threats and catalyze effective policy responses; it
begins publishing an ...
... 1975 CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna comes into force. (See
Statement
... 1975 CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna comes into force. (See.)
1975 Worldwatch Institute established in the U.S. to raise public awareness of
global environmental threats and catalyze effective policy responses; it
begins publishing an ...
... 1975 CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna comes into force. (See
Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem
... 2010, Hoey and Bellwood 2009), but few studies have examined responses of browsing herbivores to the diverse array of macroalgae that commonly characterize degraded reefs (Mantyka and Bellwood 2007, Burkepile and Hay 2008). Studies in marine soft sediment (Duffy et al. 2003), terrestrial shrub (Rogo ...
... 2010, Hoey and Bellwood 2009), but few studies have examined responses of browsing herbivores to the diverse array of macroalgae that commonly characterize degraded reefs (Mantyka and Bellwood 2007, Burkepile and Hay 2008). Studies in marine soft sediment (Duffy et al. 2003), terrestrial shrub (Rogo ...
research highlights - Edith Cowan University
... become major themes within the Centre: blue carbon; paleoecological reconstruction; and marine microbial ecology. This year’s report showcases several projects from each of these themes, which complement our ongoing research in coastal connectivity and human impacts. In 2015 we welcomed our newest s ...
... become major themes within the Centre: blue carbon; paleoecological reconstruction; and marine microbial ecology. This year’s report showcases several projects from each of these themes, which complement our ongoing research in coastal connectivity and human impacts. In 2015 we welcomed our newest s ...
Planetary Boundaries Amy Wesolowski 14 October 2009 Climate Change Seminar
... Boundaries are human-determined values of the control variable set at a ’safe’ distance from a dangerous level (for processes without known thresholds at the continental to global scales) or from its global threshold. These boundaries are set using normative judgments of how societies choose to deal ...
... Boundaries are human-determined values of the control variable set at a ’safe’ distance from a dangerous level (for processes without known thresholds at the continental to global scales) or from its global threshold. These boundaries are set using normative judgments of how societies choose to deal ...
Large Marine Carnivores: Trophic Cascades and Top
... time of the study, otter populations had been increasing since the 1970s when strong interactions on their herbivorous prey were first described (Estes and Palmisano 1974). This progression stopped and reversed after otters were eliminated by predation from killer whales (Estes et al. 1998). This is ...
... time of the study, otter populations had been increasing since the 1970s when strong interactions on their herbivorous prey were first described (Estes and Palmisano 1974). This progression stopped and reversed after otters were eliminated by predation from killer whales (Estes et al. 1998). This is ...
Wetland restoration, adaptation and Ramsar Convention
... • In relation to climate change, “adaptation” can be considered in 2 ways: – Socio-economic: People adapting to living in environment changing because of climate – and its consequences for livelihoods, health and well-being • Policies, strategies, mechanisms and support for such adaptation ...
... • In relation to climate change, “adaptation” can be considered in 2 ways: – Socio-economic: People adapting to living in environment changing because of climate – and its consequences for livelihoods, health and well-being • Policies, strategies, mechanisms and support for such adaptation ...
Are there real differences among aquatic and terrestrial food webs?
... The dynamics within aquatic planktonic communities can occur on the order of days, whereas dynamics within terrestrial communities occur on the order of years to decades11,12. However, the short timescale in aquatic ecosystems only applies to the planktonic community. When macrophytes, benthic inver ...
... The dynamics within aquatic planktonic communities can occur on the order of days, whereas dynamics within terrestrial communities occur on the order of years to decades11,12. However, the short timescale in aquatic ecosystems only applies to the planktonic community. When macrophytes, benthic inver ...
How Ecosystems Work Section 1
... • Secondary succession can occur in ecosystems that have been disturbed or disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process such as storms, floods, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. ...
... • Secondary succession can occur in ecosystems that have been disturbed or disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process such as storms, floods, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. ...
A systems approach to biodiversity conservation planning
... Despite the complex nature of biodiversity, major management strategies and policy reports8 continue to use a definition limited to structural description according to three hierarchical scales. Similarly, scientific papers often to fail to define the perspective or context in which they use the ter ...
... Despite the complex nature of biodiversity, major management strategies and policy reports8 continue to use a definition limited to structural description according to three hierarchical scales. Similarly, scientific papers often to fail to define the perspective or context in which they use the ter ...
140818 PPR Redef of Anthroposphere R7.1
... of view, this is an issue of intra-generational social justice. But if we step out of that narrow point of view and see it from the perspective of other species, this is an issue of inter-species justice. But a second serious difficulty arises, for example, if the resource is or is caused to become ...
... of view, this is an issue of intra-generational social justice. But if we step out of that narrow point of view and see it from the perspective of other species, this is an issue of inter-species justice. But a second serious difficulty arises, for example, if the resource is or is caused to become ...
Holism and reductionism in biology and ecology Looijen
... truely holistic science, because it deals with relations between organisms mutually and with the environment, with interrelationships and connections in nature. On the one hand, given the definition of holism, there seems to be some truth in this. On the other hand, one of the main conclusions of pa ...
... truely holistic science, because it deals with relations between organisms mutually and with the environment, with interrelationships and connections in nature. On the one hand, given the definition of holism, there seems to be some truth in this. On the other hand, one of the main conclusions of pa ...
Designating Marine Reserves Is not Just an Ecological Process
... Marine natural resource and ocean species are endangered because of human activities. In order to avoid marine natural resource depletion and recover marine ecosystem, marine reserves are created. The report will introduce the marine reserve definition and its functions. In addition, the report will ...
... Marine natural resource and ocean species are endangered because of human activities. In order to avoid marine natural resource depletion and recover marine ecosystem, marine reserves are created. The report will introduce the marine reserve definition and its functions. In addition, the report will ...
Using Natural Range of Variation to Set Decision Thresholds: A
... methods might be considered ideal, but consistently collected data over time periods long enough to address many NRV questions are rare. This is because the datacollection period must not only adequately cover the ecosystem of interest spatially, but also must be long relative to the return interval ...
... methods might be considered ideal, but consistently collected data over time periods long enough to address many NRV questions are rare. This is because the datacollection period must not only adequately cover the ecosystem of interest spatially, but also must be long relative to the return interval ...
Ecological resilience
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Resilience1.jpg?width=300)
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".