![Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013178221_1-f0b2d6571b464e2ae35bea35db5a6515-300x300.png)
Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological
... Pimentel’s vision of reciprocal interactions between ecology and evolution may occur. Since the literature offers hundreds of instances in which individual organisms have substantial impacts on their ecosystem and since these examples are seen in a diversity of ecosystems, we argue that there alread ...
... Pimentel’s vision of reciprocal interactions between ecology and evolution may occur. Since the literature offers hundreds of instances in which individual organisms have substantial impacts on their ecosystem and since these examples are seen in a diversity of ecosystems, we argue that there alread ...
Ocean Acidification and Its Potential Effects on Marine Ecosystems
... rate of current and projected increases in atmospheric CO 2 is approximately 100× faster than has occurred in at least 650,000 years (Siegenthaler et al. 2005). In recent decades, only half of anthropogenic CO 2 has remained in the atmosphere; the other half has been taken up by the terrestrial bios ...
... rate of current and projected increases in atmospheric CO 2 is approximately 100× faster than has occurred in at least 650,000 years (Siegenthaler et al. 2005). In recent decades, only half of anthropogenic CO 2 has remained in the atmosphere; the other half has been taken up by the terrestrial bios ...
Succession Student PPT
... they grow they create shade. Shade-loving plants, such as mountain laurel, grow and create even more shade. The increased shade creates a lack of sunlight for the sun-loving plants. Because of the shade, the sunloving plants fail to reproduce and eventually die. The sun-loving plants are replaced in ...
... they grow they create shade. Shade-loving plants, such as mountain laurel, grow and create even more shade. The increased shade creates a lack of sunlight for the sun-loving plants. Because of the shade, the sunloving plants fail to reproduce and eventually die. The sun-loving plants are replaced in ...
Marine Ecological Restoration - sfile.f
... How to transfer ecological restoration tools and approaches to decision-makers and endusers Restoration approaches and tools prior to and after tipping points – Can we identify pretipping point states? Ecological restoration across ecosystems: Can we learn from the common and odd? Costs and ...
... How to transfer ecological restoration tools and approaches to decision-makers and endusers Restoration approaches and tools prior to and after tipping points – Can we identify pretipping point states? Ecological restoration across ecosystems: Can we learn from the common and odd? Costs and ...
Ecologically Appropriate Plant Materials for
... be controlled (Clewell 2000), and its results may be unintended (Hobbs et al. 2010). And if natural states are mutable and elusive, the premise of restoring to a historical standard becomes anachronistic (Jackson and Hobbs 2009). Being honest about an approach to restoration plant materials means be ...
... be controlled (Clewell 2000), and its results may be unintended (Hobbs et al. 2010). And if natural states are mutable and elusive, the premise of restoring to a historical standard becomes anachronistic (Jackson and Hobbs 2009). Being honest about an approach to restoration plant materials means be ...
Page 1 662 Trophic ecology The study of the structure of feeding
... at lower trophic levels. Food chain theory predicts a green world when food chains have odd numbers of trophic levels, but a barren world (plants suppressed by herbivores) in systems with even numbers of trophic levels. The reduction and subsequent return of sea otters in coastal ecosystems provides ...
... at lower trophic levels. Food chain theory predicts a green world when food chains have odd numbers of trophic levels, but a barren world (plants suppressed by herbivores) in systems with even numbers of trophic levels. The reduction and subsequent return of sea otters in coastal ecosystems provides ...
US West Coast Strategic Plan - The David and Lucile Packard
... to respond to current and future environmental challenges, notably climate change. This strategy describes the David and Lucile Packard Foundation’s long-term goal to enhance the ability of the U.S. West Coast marine ecosystems to sustain biodiversity and productivity as pressures and demands on the ...
... to respond to current and future environmental challenges, notably climate change. This strategy describes the David and Lucile Packard Foundation’s long-term goal to enhance the ability of the U.S. West Coast marine ecosystems to sustain biodiversity and productivity as pressures and demands on the ...
Newsletter
... with current climate models. These developments will to some extent change the hydrological regime of the Baltic Sea, with impacts on the water mass formation in parts of the Baltic Sea, and a modulation of vertical exchanges through a modified stratification. In order to assess future changes, past ...
... with current climate models. These developments will to some extent change the hydrological regime of the Baltic Sea, with impacts on the water mass formation in parts of the Baltic Sea, and a modulation of vertical exchanges through a modified stratification. In order to assess future changes, past ...
Parasites, diversity and the ecosystem.
... the caeca, that the parasitic worm lives and interferes with the workings of the caeca (Watson et al 1985). Highly infected grouse have difficulties controlling their scent emission and the dogs, searching by scent, can locate these grouse significantly more frequently than individual who have had t ...
... the caeca, that the parasitic worm lives and interferes with the workings of the caeca (Watson et al 1985). Highly infected grouse have difficulties controlling their scent emission and the dogs, searching by scent, can locate these grouse significantly more frequently than individual who have had t ...
Conservation of Deep Pelagic Biodiversity
... these linkages (Edwards & Richardson 2004), with negative effects at higher trophic levels. Although most of these effects of climate change have been measured only in coastal waters or in the open ocean’s upper layers, it is likely that corresponding changes are occurring in the deeper parts of the ...
... these linkages (Edwards & Richardson 2004), with negative effects at higher trophic levels. Although most of these effects of climate change have been measured only in coastal waters or in the open ocean’s upper layers, it is likely that corresponding changes are occurring in the deeper parts of the ...
chapters 1 - AP Environmental Science
... Case Study: Transgenic Maize in S. Mexico (summarize) Essential Questions 1. What was the Green Revolution and what were some of the consequences? 2. How is genetic engineering similar and different from traditional breeding? 3. What are different strategies to deal with pests? 4. Why is pollination ...
... Case Study: Transgenic Maize in S. Mexico (summarize) Essential Questions 1. What was the Green Revolution and what were some of the consequences? 2. How is genetic engineering similar and different from traditional breeding? 3. What are different strategies to deal with pests? 4. Why is pollination ...
THE ROLE OF ABOVE-AND BELOWGROUND LINKAGES IN
... Jasper van Ruijven Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands ...
... Jasper van Ruijven Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands ...
Marine Science - Mathematics and Statistics
... 2009; Datta et al., 2010). The paper develops an approach taken by Rochet and Benoı̂t (2011) who found variation in abundance over time in simulations of size spectra increased when fishing was made more size selective, and/or larger fish were targetted. The reason for turning to size-spectra models ...
... 2009; Datta et al., 2010). The paper develops an approach taken by Rochet and Benoı̂t (2011) who found variation in abundance over time in simulations of size spectra increased when fishing was made more size selective, and/or larger fish were targetted. The reason for turning to size-spectra models ...
Preston and Johnson 2010
... Yet advances in the field of disease ecology have revealed that parasites are not only ecologically important, but can sometimes exert influences that equal or surpass those of free-living species in shaping community structure. In fact parasitism is more common than traditional predation as a consu ...
... Yet advances in the field of disease ecology have revealed that parasites are not only ecologically important, but can sometimes exert influences that equal or surpass those of free-living species in shaping community structure. In fact parasitism is more common than traditional predation as a consu ...
Chapter 235 - El Niño and Biodiversity
... especially by species with plankton. This could promote speciation by creating separated populations in novel selection regimes. As well, depending on how they affect the complexity of the new habitats, newly introduced species can either ...
... especially by species with plankton. This could promote speciation by creating separated populations in novel selection regimes. As well, depending on how they affect the complexity of the new habitats, newly introduced species can either ...
Benthic use of phytoplankton blooms: Agnes M. L. Karlson
... trophic transfer of energy and nutrients is essential for understanding ecosystem productivity. Marine sediment ecosystems cover about 70% of the planet’s surface and sediment-living organisms play a major role in global biogeochemical cycling and hence are key components in ecosystem functioning. B ...
... trophic transfer of energy and nutrients is essential for understanding ecosystem productivity. Marine sediment ecosystems cover about 70% of the planet’s surface and sediment-living organisms play a major role in global biogeochemical cycling and hence are key components in ecosystem functioning. B ...
Place-Based Ecosystem Management in the Open Ocean
... 5. Large pelagic animals are uncommon in the open ocean and often move quickly, so are seldom seen alive and are far less known by scientists, decision makers, and the public than nearshore species. 6. The seeming scarcity of humans in the vastness of oceanic ecosystems makes the open ocean seem inv ...
... 5. Large pelagic animals are uncommon in the open ocean and often move quickly, so are seldom seen alive and are far less known by scientists, decision makers, and the public than nearshore species. 6. The seeming scarcity of humans in the vastness of oceanic ecosystems makes the open ocean seem inv ...
Fabian Zimmermann
... Bayesian switch-point models used to estimate temporal variability in stock-recruitment parameter and sudden changes («regime shifts») ...
... Bayesian switch-point models used to estimate temporal variability in stock-recruitment parameter and sudden changes («regime shifts») ...
Adaptation strategy for climate-proofing biodiversity
... The Dutch climate is changing • Over the last few decades the Netherlands has become warmer and wetter, with more extreme rainfall events. Climate scenarios indicate that these trends will continue, but the magnitude and rate of climate change remain uncertain. • Ecosystems are dynamic; there is a ...
... The Dutch climate is changing • Over the last few decades the Netherlands has become warmer and wetter, with more extreme rainfall events. Climate scenarios indicate that these trends will continue, but the magnitude and rate of climate change remain uncertain. • Ecosystems are dynamic; there is a ...
chapters 1
... Case Study: Transgenic Maize in S. Mexico (summarize) Essential Questions 1. What was the Green Revolution and what were some of the consequences? 2. How is genetic engineering similar and different from traditional breeding? 3. What are different strategies to deal with pests? 4. Why is pollination ...
... Case Study: Transgenic Maize in S. Mexico (summarize) Essential Questions 1. What was the Green Revolution and what were some of the consequences? 2. How is genetic engineering similar and different from traditional breeding? 3. What are different strategies to deal with pests? 4. Why is pollination ...
Full text in pdf format
... subsequent predictions or management based on it may fail. The second area of research (EVALUATION) is one of the main purposes of the workshop - to determine which methods might be considered best for various purposes. The primary Issue is to assess which techniques actually detect the pollution an ...
... subsequent predictions or management based on it may fail. The second area of research (EVALUATION) is one of the main purposes of the workshop - to determine which methods might be considered best for various purposes. The primary Issue is to assess which techniques actually detect the pollution an ...
A synthesis of the outcomes from the Strait of Georgia Ecosystem
... (ERI), as a contribution to developing an ecosystem approach to the management of this marine system; The synthesis provides an overview of some of the key findings regarding the current understanding of how the Strait of Georgia marine ecosystem ‘works’, the drivers of change acting on the Strait ...
... (ERI), as a contribution to developing an ecosystem approach to the management of this marine system; The synthesis provides an overview of some of the key findings regarding the current understanding of how the Strait of Georgia marine ecosystem ‘works’, the drivers of change acting on the Strait ...
Biodiversity in grasslands: current changes and scenarios for the
... Grasslands, in common with other major biomes, are experiencing the effects of major global changes. There are various possible scenarios of change in biodiversity for the next century, according to the report by Sala et al. (2000). The report discusses the sensitivity of biomes to the different glo ...
... Grasslands, in common with other major biomes, are experiencing the effects of major global changes. There are various possible scenarios of change in biodiversity for the next century, according to the report by Sala et al. (2000). The report discusses the sensitivity of biomes to the different glo ...
Ecological resilience
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Resilience1.jpg?width=300)
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".