Why Are Bonsai Leaves Small? - Arnoldia
... While it still lies wrapped within the protection of older leaves, a newly formed leaf will increase in size very slowly because growth consists primarily of continuous cell divisions; each cell appears to divide a certain number of times before specializing and individual cells remain relatively sm ...
... While it still lies wrapped within the protection of older leaves, a newly formed leaf will increase in size very slowly because growth consists primarily of continuous cell divisions; each cell appears to divide a certain number of times before specializing and individual cells remain relatively sm ...
How and why cells grow as rods Open Access Fred Chang
... A common feature of all walled cells is that the cell wall and turgor pressure give the cell its shape. The wall can be regarded as a thin shell of fibrous, viscoelastic material [1,2]. When the cell wall is removed, cells lose their shape; conversely, isolated cell walls largely retain the shape of ...
... A common feature of all walled cells is that the cell wall and turgor pressure give the cell its shape. The wall can be regarded as a thin shell of fibrous, viscoelastic material [1,2]. When the cell wall is removed, cells lose their shape; conversely, isolated cell walls largely retain the shape of ...
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with
... DNA staining with DAPI (Fig. 1f00 , pink colour). Parallel studies were conducted in lupine root cells and showed that the localisation patterns of SR proteins (Fig. 1h) and the PANA antigen (Fig. 1i) were similar to the patterns observed in onion cells. It appears that the SR protein speckles merge ...
... DNA staining with DAPI (Fig. 1f00 , pink colour). Parallel studies were conducted in lupine root cells and showed that the localisation patterns of SR proteins (Fig. 1h) and the PANA antigen (Fig. 1i) were similar to the patterns observed in onion cells. It appears that the SR protein speckles merge ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
... Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.014977. ...
... Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.014977. ...
Plasma Membranes
... 1. To provide channels by which water soluble molecules may pass across the membrane. The bulk of the membrane is made up of phospholipids. Lipid soluble molecules can pass across the membrane freely as they can dissolve in the membrane. Molecules that are not lipid soluble, particularly charged mol ...
... 1. To provide channels by which water soluble molecules may pass across the membrane. The bulk of the membrane is made up of phospholipids. Lipid soluble molecules can pass across the membrane freely as they can dissolve in the membrane. Molecules that are not lipid soluble, particularly charged mol ...
DNA Replication
... DNA ligase splices together the short segments of the discontinuous strand ...
... DNA ligase splices together the short segments of the discontinuous strand ...
biology 112 exam review
... review is in a duo tang or small binder, well organized, neat and easy to follow (do all questions in order with spaces between each question, diagrams need to be in order as well, write on 1 side of each page, start a new page for each new section). Answers can be written in point form. I will not ...
... review is in a duo tang or small binder, well organized, neat and easy to follow (do all questions in order with spaces between each question, diagrams need to be in order as well, write on 1 side of each page, start a new page for each new section). Answers can be written in point form. I will not ...
guldenN14
... Radial glia serve both as progenitors and as migratory guides for the daughter cells they give rise to, and so provide for the production and placement of appropriate cell numbers and types in the developing neocortex5–7,9. Changes to division of radial glia, the length of their cell cycle or the ra ...
... Radial glia serve both as progenitors and as migratory guides for the daughter cells they give rise to, and so provide for the production and placement of appropriate cell numbers and types in the developing neocortex5–7,9. Changes to division of radial glia, the length of their cell cycle or the ra ...
Named cells in dermatology - Indian Journal of Dermatology
... deeply basophilic hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm so that nuclei lie close to each other. The latter are anucleate, eosinophilic, keratinized cells having a distinct border and possessing a central unstained area as a shadow of the lost nucleus. These cells frequently calcify[16] ...
... deeply basophilic hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm so that nuclei lie close to each other. The latter are anucleate, eosinophilic, keratinized cells having a distinct border and possessing a central unstained area as a shadow of the lost nucleus. These cells frequently calcify[16] ...
AP Biology Lab Review Lab One – Diffusion and Osmosis How do
... Why would starch not cross a semipermeable membrane that glucose is crossing? In Exercise 1B, what was the I.V.? what was the D.V.? What is the formula for calculating percent change? Why is it important to use percent change rather than total change? What is the water potential of pure water in an ...
... Why would starch not cross a semipermeable membrane that glucose is crossing? In Exercise 1B, what was the I.V.? what was the D.V.? What is the formula for calculating percent change? Why is it important to use percent change rather than total change? What is the water potential of pure water in an ...
Biology 131 Outline of lectures on animal development and Problem
... three layered embryo. Through the process of epigenesis, the form of the embryo gradually emerges, until an adult finally appears. In many cases, the adult form is preceded by a freeliving larval form, such as the tadpoles of amphibians. In other cases, such as mammals, the adult develops directly f ...
... three layered embryo. Through the process of epigenesis, the form of the embryo gradually emerges, until an adult finally appears. In many cases, the adult form is preceded by a freeliving larval form, such as the tadpoles of amphibians. In other cases, such as mammals, the adult develops directly f ...
Control of the number of cell division rounds in distinct tissues
... amount falls below the threshold level required for cell cycle progression, cell division will be terminated. In this case, the factors are not titrated or exhausted. The stepwise reduction of the activator might act as a digital clock or timer. In the abovementioned cases, cells sense their conditi ...
... amount falls below the threshold level required for cell cycle progression, cell division will be terminated. In this case, the factors are not titrated or exhausted. The stepwise reduction of the activator might act as a digital clock or timer. In the abovementioned cases, cells sense their conditi ...
Yamada et al., Cell 2005
... the cytoplasm in response to cell recognition and not maintain physical interactions between cells Pcdh-α proteins in mice have a RGD motif that can facilitate interactions with integrins in vitro Protocadherins play a crucial role during embryogenesis, particularly in the CNS These functions ...
... the cytoplasm in response to cell recognition and not maintain physical interactions between cells Pcdh-α proteins in mice have a RGD motif that can facilitate interactions with integrins in vitro Protocadherins play a crucial role during embryogenesis, particularly in the CNS These functions ...
Munc13-4 rab27 complex is specifically required for
... Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of data was performed on the average of three independent experiments. To evaluate the statistical significance we used single factor ANOVA and t-tests for individual significance between two samples. p values below 0.05 were considered statistically signifi ...
... Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of data was performed on the average of three independent experiments. To evaluate the statistical significance we used single factor ANOVA and t-tests for individual significance between two samples. p values below 0.05 were considered statistically signifi ...
Transfer of vesicles from Schwann cells to axons: a novel
... 2005; Krämer-Albers et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2007). It remains to be investigated whether vesicular transfer of Hsp70 to axons confers neuroprotection to stress stimuli and neurodegenerative disorders. Schwann cells are essential during regenerative processes after nerve injury, not only by secr ...
... 2005; Krämer-Albers et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2007). It remains to be investigated whether vesicular transfer of Hsp70 to axons confers neuroprotection to stress stimuli and neurodegenerative disorders. Schwann cells are essential during regenerative processes after nerve injury, not only by secr ...
DNA Replication: Bringing the Mountain to
... (8). These studies have shown that, after duplication, the replication origin regions rapidly move apart toward opposite poles of the cell. But where does DNA replication take place in bacteria? Using fusions of green fluorescent protein to the DNA polymerase (PolC) responsible for DNA replication a ...
... (8). These studies have shown that, after duplication, the replication origin regions rapidly move apart toward opposite poles of the cell. But where does DNA replication take place in bacteria? Using fusions of green fluorescent protein to the DNA polymerase (PolC) responsible for DNA replication a ...
Structure–function relationships during secondary phloem
... ton has been implicated in a wide variety of morphogenetic phenomena (e.g., Lloyd 1991, Baluška et al. 1998) with most attention focused on cells or tissues of the primary plant body. Although primary growth participates in the early development of seedlings, much growth at later stages, particularl ...
... ton has been implicated in a wide variety of morphogenetic phenomena (e.g., Lloyd 1991, Baluška et al. 1998) with most attention focused on cells or tissues of the primary plant body. Although primary growth participates in the early development of seedlings, much growth at later stages, particularl ...
A Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Regulates Cell
... mutant pool that had been generated by randomly integrating the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer into the genome of ecotype Columbia (Col-0). ntm1-D exhibits retarded growth (Figures 1A and 1D) with severely serrated leaves (Figure 1B). Its phenotype is further characterized by extremely tiny p ...
... mutant pool that had been generated by randomly integrating the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer into the genome of ecotype Columbia (Col-0). ntm1-D exhibits retarded growth (Figures 1A and 1D) with severely serrated leaves (Figure 1B). Its phenotype is further characterized by extremely tiny p ...
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... area. Support for this conclusion comes from the finding that TV outgrowth areas increase in a similar manner despite their fixed giant-cell numbers. Relationship between trophoblast cell number and time of egg-cylinder formation Figure 3 illustrates the experimental design. The time of egg-cylinder ...
... area. Support for this conclusion comes from the finding that TV outgrowth areas increase in a similar manner despite their fixed giant-cell numbers. Relationship between trophoblast cell number and time of egg-cylinder formation Figure 3 illustrates the experimental design. The time of egg-cylinder ...
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during
... dominant negative, slowing down the completion of cell plate formation, and often results in an oblique cell plate. The latter appears to uncouple cell elongation from the plane of cell division, forming twisted and elongated cells with longitudinal cell divisions. ...
... dominant negative, slowing down the completion of cell plate formation, and often results in an oblique cell plate. The latter appears to uncouple cell elongation from the plane of cell division, forming twisted and elongated cells with longitudinal cell divisions. ...
The Physiology of Gibberellin-Induced Elongation
... Despite the fact that the discovery of the gibberellins (GA s) resulted from the dramat· ic effect these compounds exert on stem elongation, our understanding of the physiol· ogy of this process has progressed slowly. Progress has been hampered by both meth· odological and conceptual limitations, pa ...
... Despite the fact that the discovery of the gibberellins (GA s) resulted from the dramat· ic effect these compounds exert on stem elongation, our understanding of the physiol· ogy of this process has progressed slowly. Progress has been hampered by both meth· odological and conceptual limitations, pa ...
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... studies have dealt with the regulation of centromere during interphase. Here, we briefly review and discuss past and recent advances about the architecture of centromeres and their regulation during the cell cycle. Furthermore, we highlight and discuss new findings and hypotheses regarding the speci ...
... studies have dealt with the regulation of centromere during interphase. Here, we briefly review and discuss past and recent advances about the architecture of centromeres and their regulation during the cell cycle. Furthermore, we highlight and discuss new findings and hypotheses regarding the speci ...
Finite element analysis of the pressure
... to study the effect of strain on other types of cells. The model devised by Ellis et al. (1995) uses a positive pressure to deform an elastic substrate that contains a layer of adherent cells, causing a biaxial stretch of the substrate and of the cells. The amount of strain that cells are subject to ...
... to study the effect of strain on other types of cells. The model devised by Ellis et al. (1995) uses a positive pressure to deform an elastic substrate that contains a layer of adherent cells, causing a biaxial stretch of the substrate and of the cells. The amount of strain that cells are subject to ...
A comparison between nuclear dismantling during plant and animal
... The study of PCD has been a major field of research in different animal model systems not only because it is an essential process to understand development, but also because deregulation of PCD causes alterations of the cellular homeostasis, which have important implications associated with diseases ...
... The study of PCD has been a major field of research in different animal model systems not only because it is an essential process to understand development, but also because deregulation of PCD causes alterations of the cellular homeostasis, which have important implications associated with diseases ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.