Intercellular Communication during Plant
... highly regulated and may require both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization prior to trafficking out of the vasculature (Gallagher et al., 2004; Gallagher and Benfey, 2009). The movement of several other plant transcription factors has been observed, including CAPRICE in root hair development (Wada e ...
... highly regulated and may require both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization prior to trafficking out of the vasculature (Gallagher et al., 2004; Gallagher and Benfey, 2009). The movement of several other plant transcription factors has been observed, including CAPRICE in root hair development (Wada e ...
Chloroplast and reactive oxygen species involvement in apoptotic
... simpler in structure and smaller on average than chloroplasts from light-grown culture cells, yet more complex in structure than proplastids from dark-grown culture cells (Fig. 2A). These plastids usually contained many plastoglobuli and were often irregular in shape. Transmission electron microscop ...
... simpler in structure and smaller on average than chloroplasts from light-grown culture cells, yet more complex in structure than proplastids from dark-grown culture cells (Fig. 2A). These plastids usually contained many plastoglobuli and were often irregular in shape. Transmission electron microscop ...
Manipulating the onset of cell cycle withdrawal in
... gistic action of CDK2 and CDK4. Importantly, CDK6 cannot substitute for CDK4 in this role, which demonstrates that the 2 cyclin D–dependent kinases are functionally different. The results show that differentiating hemoglobinized cells can be made to proliferate far beyond their normal capacity to di ...
... gistic action of CDK2 and CDK4. Importantly, CDK6 cannot substitute for CDK4 in this role, which demonstrates that the 2 cyclin D–dependent kinases are functionally different. The results show that differentiating hemoglobinized cells can be made to proliferate far beyond their normal capacity to di ...
Geographic Information Systems - CEProfs
... transitions are calculated. Output grid cells are assign NODATA wherever all input grids have NODATA cells. To mosaic grids, click on CRWR-Raster/Mosaic. Merge creates a grid out of a set of grids. In non-overlapping zones, the output grid cells are assign the value of the input grid. In overlapping ...
... transitions are calculated. Output grid cells are assign NODATA wherever all input grids have NODATA cells. To mosaic grids, click on CRWR-Raster/Mosaic. Merge creates a grid out of a set of grids. In non-overlapping zones, the output grid cells are assign the value of the input grid. In overlapping ...
Myofibrillogenesus in Skeletal Muscle Cells
... myofibrils. Nevertheless, the mature myofibrils retain a less extensive association with the cell surface via the indentations of the surface membranes, that is transverse tubules, at their Z-bands or A-I bands. Myofibrillogenesis in a Mouse Cell Line from Skeletal Muscle How general is this premyofib ...
... myofibrils. Nevertheless, the mature myofibrils retain a less extensive association with the cell surface via the indentations of the surface membranes, that is transverse tubules, at their Z-bands or A-I bands. Myofibrillogenesis in a Mouse Cell Line from Skeletal Muscle How general is this premyofib ...
PilB localization determines the direction of twitching
... interval. Some cells clearly display relocation of the PilB cresecents to a different part ...
... interval. Some cells clearly display relocation of the PilB cresecents to a different part ...
Energy Converion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
... • Present in almost all eukaryotic cells • Number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity • Capable of regenerating themselves without the whole cell undergoing division • It is enclosed by two major membranes • The inner-most space (matrix) and inner membrane are the major fun ...
... • Present in almost all eukaryotic cells • Number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity • Capable of regenerating themselves without the whole cell undergoing division • It is enclosed by two major membranes • The inner-most space (matrix) and inner membrane are the major fun ...
Manipulating the onset of cell cycle withdrawal in
... gistic action of CDK2 and CDK4. Importantly, CDK6 cannot substitute for CDK4 in this role, which demonstrates that the 2 cyclin D–dependent kinases are functionally different. The results show that differentiating hemoglobinized cells can be made to proliferate far beyond their normal capacity to di ...
... gistic action of CDK2 and CDK4. Importantly, CDK6 cannot substitute for CDK4 in this role, which demonstrates that the 2 cyclin D–dependent kinases are functionally different. The results show that differentiating hemoglobinized cells can be made to proliferate far beyond their normal capacity to di ...
View Full PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... are targeted to plasmodesmata in a microtubule-dependent manner has not yet been reported. In the context of virus infection, this important observation is indeed difficult to obtain, since newly infected cells at the leading front of the spreading infection site contain only very small amounts of M ...
... are targeted to plasmodesmata in a microtubule-dependent manner has not yet been reported. In the context of virus infection, this important observation is indeed difficult to obtain, since newly infected cells at the leading front of the spreading infection site contain only very small amounts of M ...
Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by
... impairment of chlorophyll metabolism. The process of lesion formation by tetrapyrrole accumulation is not fully understood, but it is most likely that initiation of lesion formation is triggered by the generation of singlet oxygen, as a result of energy transfer from excited tetrapyrrole molecules. ...
... impairment of chlorophyll metabolism. The process of lesion formation by tetrapyrrole accumulation is not fully understood, but it is most likely that initiation of lesion formation is triggered by the generation of singlet oxygen, as a result of energy transfer from excited tetrapyrrole molecules. ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... among competing planes of division, the probability of achieving the one with the minimal area is inversely proportional to the difference in length of the division plane: in cells differing significantly in length, the shortest transverse division planes are achieved, whereas competing planes of ce ...
... among competing planes of division, the probability of achieving the one with the minimal area is inversely proportional to the difference in length of the division plane: in cells differing significantly in length, the shortest transverse division planes are achieved, whereas competing planes of ce ...
Defineation of canine parvovirus T cell epitopes with peripheral
... neutralizing (VN) antibodies play a major role in the protection against CPV infection (Pollock & Carmichael, 1982; Meunier et al., 1985). Several studies to define the number of VN-inducing B cell epitopes of CPV have been conducted with monoclonal antibodies but limited information is available at ...
... neutralizing (VN) antibodies play a major role in the protection against CPV infection (Pollock & Carmichael, 1982; Meunier et al., 1985). Several studies to define the number of VN-inducing B cell epitopes of CPV have been conducted with monoclonal antibodies but limited information is available at ...
Biology 251 Fall 2015 1 TOPIC 4: ACTION POTENTIALS AND
... very few K+ ions move out of the cell during repolarization. ...
... very few K+ ions move out of the cell during repolarization. ...
Visualizing the actin cytoskeleton in living plant cells using a photo
... filter LP 470). This resulted in rapid loss of green fluorescence (Figure 2D) with a concomitant increase in red fluorescence (Figure 2E, F). It is known that transient expression methods such as the DNA-coated gold-particle bombardment employed by us result in variability between experiments and va ...
... filter LP 470). This resulted in rapid loss of green fluorescence (Figure 2D) with a concomitant increase in red fluorescence (Figure 2E, F). It is known that transient expression methods such as the DNA-coated gold-particle bombardment employed by us result in variability between experiments and va ...
Antigen recognition by T Lymphocytes
... virus-infected cells; peptide degradation in cytosol by proteasome, then transport to ER • MHC Class II: extracellular antigens, e.g. pathogen engulfed by phagocytes; degradation in phagosome and lysosome ...
... virus-infected cells; peptide degradation in cytosol by proteasome, then transport to ER • MHC Class II: extracellular antigens, e.g. pathogen engulfed by phagocytes; degradation in phagosome and lysosome ...
Chapter 3 Cells- Structure & Function Part II
... Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes ...
... Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes ...
2010_Clement_BiolMed
... causative factor in aging. Therefore, cells need to be able to adapt to a chronic oxidative challenge and do so to a certain cell-type-specific extent. Recently, we have shown in oxidative-stress-resistant cell lines, HT22H2O2 and HT22Glu, derived from the neuronal cell line HT22 by chronic exposure ...
... causative factor in aging. Therefore, cells need to be able to adapt to a chronic oxidative challenge and do so to a certain cell-type-specific extent. Recently, we have shown in oxidative-stress-resistant cell lines, HT22H2O2 and HT22Glu, derived from the neuronal cell line HT22 by chronic exposure ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were first characterized in vertebrates before becoming discovered in Drosophila flies, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes and other lower animals. Even within the vertebrates, there are more than 30 distinct molecules including three isoforms of TGF-b, Bone Morphogenetic ...
... Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were first characterized in vertebrates before becoming discovered in Drosophila flies, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes and other lower animals. Even within the vertebrates, there are more than 30 distinct molecules including three isoforms of TGF-b, Bone Morphogenetic ...
TMBP200, a Microtubule Bundling Polypeptide Isolated from
... progression of our work, this putative protein was reported to be a product of the MOR1 gene in which mutations cause temperature-dependent disruption of cortical microtubules (Whittington et al. 2001). The full-length cDNA was obtained using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. The cDNA for TMBP200 encodes ...
... progression of our work, this putative protein was reported to be a product of the MOR1 gene in which mutations cause temperature-dependent disruption of cortical microtubules (Whittington et al. 2001). The full-length cDNA was obtained using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. The cDNA for TMBP200 encodes ...
Intracellular Distribution of an Integral Nuclear Pore Membrane
... nucleotide sequences encoding the selected regions of POM121 Fig. 4. Intracellular distribution POM121-GFP chimeras and delewith 24 additional amino acids originating from a different read- tion mutants. Equatorial sections of nuclei of COS-I cells studied by ing frame. The coding sequences were cut ...
... nucleotide sequences encoding the selected regions of POM121 Fig. 4. Intracellular distribution POM121-GFP chimeras and delewith 24 additional amino acids originating from a different read- tion mutants. Equatorial sections of nuclei of COS-I cells studied by ing frame. The coding sequences were cut ...
Full text
... cell viability. The cytostatic activity of macrophage CM against target cells and the effect on their viability were determined in comparison with control and expressed as percentages of control growth and control values, respectively. The antitumor activity of macrophage CM was also compared with t ...
... cell viability. The cytostatic activity of macrophage CM against target cells and the effect on their viability were determined in comparison with control and expressed as percentages of control growth and control values, respectively. The antitumor activity of macrophage CM was also compared with t ...
Divergent Roles for Maize PAN1 and PAN2 Receptor
... adjacent guard mother cell (GMC), premitotic SMCs polarize toward the GMC, involving migration of the nucleus to the site of GMC contact and the formation of a pronounced enrichment of cortical F-actin at that site. Subsequently, SMCs divide asymmetrically to produce subsidiary cells flanking the GMC ...
... adjacent guard mother cell (GMC), premitotic SMCs polarize toward the GMC, involving migration of the nucleus to the site of GMC contact and the formation of a pronounced enrichment of cortical F-actin at that site. Subsequently, SMCs divide asymmetrically to produce subsidiary cells flanking the GMC ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.