Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... specific subdomains of the plasma membrane in many cells, and that share the ability to form cross-linked arrays with actin. Most, but not all, of these family members are linked to plasma membrane proteins via the adaptor ankyrin (for review see Bennett and Baines, 2001). The functions of several s ...
... specific subdomains of the plasma membrane in many cells, and that share the ability to form cross-linked arrays with actin. Most, but not all, of these family members are linked to plasma membrane proteins via the adaptor ankyrin (for review see Bennett and Baines, 2001). The functions of several s ...
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
... and low concentrations of sulfonamides (1%) do not inactivate it, according to Cabezas and Rubina (16). Feiner, Meyer and Steinberg (17) observed that ferrous sulfate apparently inhibited the sensitivity to lysozyme, and sodium pyrophosphate counteracted this inhibition; sodium arsenate consistently ...
... and low concentrations of sulfonamides (1%) do not inactivate it, according to Cabezas and Rubina (16). Feiner, Meyer and Steinberg (17) observed that ferrous sulfate apparently inhibited the sensitivity to lysozyme, and sodium pyrophosphate counteracted this inhibition; sodium arsenate consistently ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... basic understanding of the fundamentals of biological rhythms. In the 30’s of the twentieth century, the periodic behavior of the normal blood glucose was characterized. In this case small meals were given regularly throughout the day and generally each meal produced a variable, transient increase. ...
... basic understanding of the fundamentals of biological rhythms. In the 30’s of the twentieth century, the periodic behavior of the normal blood glucose was characterized. In this case small meals were given regularly throughout the day and generally each meal produced a variable, transient increase. ...
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... positioned with its basal surface against a collagen gel and incubated for 72 h. The oral epithelium (oe) and nasal epithelium (ne) have spread extensively. The medial region is thinned and transparent. (Eosin.) x 30. (B) Photomicrograph of living isolated 12-day palatal epithelium cultured with its ...
... positioned with its basal surface against a collagen gel and incubated for 72 h. The oral epithelium (oe) and nasal epithelium (ne) have spread extensively. The medial region is thinned and transparent. (Eosin.) x 30. (B) Photomicrograph of living isolated 12-day palatal epithelium cultured with its ...
Arabidopsis VILLIN4 is involved in root hair growth through
... hairs of Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrate that AtVLN4 maintains all the typical activities of villin family members, regulates the organization of long axial and short apical actin bundles in root hairs, and is essential for normal root hair growth and cytoplasmic streaming within root hairs. ...
... hairs of Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrate that AtVLN4 maintains all the typical activities of villin family members, regulates the organization of long axial and short apical actin bundles in root hairs, and is essential for normal root hair growth and cytoplasmic streaming within root hairs. ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY H1 histones
... Histone H1 has a tripartite structure containing an evolutionarily conserved central globular domain with flanking variable domains. X-ray crystallography of the globular domain of the avian erythrocyte linker histone H5 (considered a member of the H1 family) shows a winged-helix motif consisting of ...
... Histone H1 has a tripartite structure containing an evolutionarily conserved central globular domain with flanking variable domains. X-ray crystallography of the globular domain of the avian erythrocyte linker histone H5 (considered a member of the H1 family) shows a winged-helix motif consisting of ...
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... molecular mechanism of characean cytoplasmic streaming [82]. In 1970–1990, several proteins with ATPase activities had been isolated biochemically and reported as plant myosins (cited in [84]). However, none of these results have been reproduced. Myosin VIII designated as ATM1 [45] and myosin XI as ...
... molecular mechanism of characean cytoplasmic streaming [82]. In 1970–1990, several proteins with ATPase activities had been isolated biochemically and reported as plant myosins (cited in [84]). However, none of these results have been reproduced. Myosin VIII designated as ATM1 [45] and myosin XI as ...
Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... topological loading of cohesin onto DNA in vitro is stimulated by the loading complex and depends on cohesin’s ATPase activity [10]. These observations suggest that the loading complex targets cohesin to chromatin, whereas the ATPase reaction mediates entrapment of DNA inside the cohesin ring. Once ...
... topological loading of cohesin onto DNA in vitro is stimulated by the loading complex and depends on cohesin’s ATPase activity [10]. These observations suggest that the loading complex targets cohesin to chromatin, whereas the ATPase reaction mediates entrapment of DNA inside the cohesin ring. Once ...
NUBBIN and JAGGED define stamen and carpel
... becomes restricted to the adaxial side by stage 6 (Fig. 1E-G). At stage 8, NUB expression becomes restricted to a small cleft of tissue in between the two sets of microsporangia (Fig. 1H). This expression pattern differs from JAG, which is expressed throughout stamen primordia (see Fig. S1 in the su ...
... becomes restricted to the adaxial side by stage 6 (Fig. 1E-G). At stage 8, NUB expression becomes restricted to a small cleft of tissue in between the two sets of microsporangia (Fig. 1H). This expression pattern differs from JAG, which is expressed throughout stamen primordia (see Fig. S1 in the su ...
The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues
... (Addicott, 1982; Webster & Leopold, 1972; Pierik, 1977, 1980). The number of AZ layers is highly variable between species (Taylor & Whitelaw, 2001; Estornell et al., 2013). While maturation of AZs may be reached early during development, induction of the separation process may occur only in late sta ...
... (Addicott, 1982; Webster & Leopold, 1972; Pierik, 1977, 1980). The number of AZ layers is highly variable between species (Taylor & Whitelaw, 2001; Estornell et al., 2013). While maturation of AZs may be reached early during development, induction of the separation process may occur only in late sta ...
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... Fertilized mouse eggs regulate their size principally by accumulating glycine as an intracellular osmolyte using the GLYT1 (SLC6A9) transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in ...
... Fertilized mouse eggs regulate their size principally by accumulating glycine as an intracellular osmolyte using the GLYT1 (SLC6A9) transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
understanding the role of sumoylation in regulating lkb1 function
... have been accomplished or even possible without them. And for that, I am forever grateful. To begin with, I would like to thank my mentor Dr. Edward Yeh for his role in nurturing me into a more polished and independent scientist. You encouraged and supported me when my project often times led to dea ...
... have been accomplished or even possible without them. And for that, I am forever grateful. To begin with, I would like to thank my mentor Dr. Edward Yeh for his role in nurturing me into a more polished and independent scientist. You encouraged and supported me when my project often times led to dea ...
Murine Regulatory T Cells Contain Hyperproliferative and Death
... than Tcon, particularly when the stimulation was weak (Fig. 1D). Differential sensitivity to activation-induced death between proliferating Treg and Tcon The differences of Treg proliferation between total Treg and live Treg prompted us to examine survival and death of Treg during in vitro culture. ...
... than Tcon, particularly when the stimulation was weak (Fig. 1D). Differential sensitivity to activation-induced death between proliferating Treg and Tcon The differences of Treg proliferation between total Treg and live Treg prompted us to examine survival and death of Treg during in vitro culture. ...
special paper calcium function and distribution during fertilization in
... metabolism in these cells may help us to answer questions about plant fertility and fertilization. This review is among the first to examine the role of calcium in sexual reproduction in flowering plants—a topic that has not been separately reviewed in prior reviews on plant calcium biology. Calcium ...
... metabolism in these cells may help us to answer questions about plant fertility and fertilization. This review is among the first to examine the role of calcium in sexual reproduction in flowering plants—a topic that has not been separately reviewed in prior reviews on plant calcium biology. Calcium ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... IAA-induced elongation, whereas EDTA reversed the inhibitory activity of Ca2+, and even promoted growth, Bennet-Clark (1956) suggested that IAA acts as a Ca2+/Mg2+ chelator. This model proposed that IAA removes Ca2+ and leads to a loss of Ca2+ pectates, which are replaced by pectate free acids or me ...
... IAA-induced elongation, whereas EDTA reversed the inhibitory activity of Ca2+, and even promoted growth, Bennet-Clark (1956) suggested that IAA acts as a Ca2+/Mg2+ chelator. This model proposed that IAA removes Ca2+ and leads to a loss of Ca2+ pectates, which are replaced by pectate free acids or me ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... Figure 1.4 Key metabolic and ROS links between mitochondria, peroxisomes and chloroplasts 10 Figure 1.5 Sequential events leading to peroxisome and mitochondria fission reveals morphological similarities in the division pathway. ................................................. 12 Figure 1.6 Fluores ...
... Figure 1.4 Key metabolic and ROS links between mitochondria, peroxisomes and chloroplasts 10 Figure 1.5 Sequential events leading to peroxisome and mitochondria fission reveals morphological similarities in the division pathway. ................................................. 12 Figure 1.6 Fluores ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... agreement, lysis inside biofilms also occurs in other bacterial species and it might be related to increased biofilm fitness. However, the effects created by the ablation of either the phage or bacterial lysins were overcome by the addition of external DNA. Additionally, in independent experiments, ...
... agreement, lysis inside biofilms also occurs in other bacterial species and it might be related to increased biofilm fitness. However, the effects created by the ablation of either the phage or bacterial lysins were overcome by the addition of external DNA. Additionally, in independent experiments, ...
Nuclear export signal located within the DNAbinding domain of the
... STATs were named to denote their ability to detect signals in the cytoplasm and induce transcription in the nucleus (Darnell, 1997). This family of transcription factors was ®rst identi®ed in the interferon signal pathway. Interferon-g (IFN-g) binding to cell surface receptors leads to activation of ...
... STATs were named to denote their ability to detect signals in the cytoplasm and induce transcription in the nucleus (Darnell, 1997). This family of transcription factors was ®rst identi®ed in the interferon signal pathway. Interferon-g (IFN-g) binding to cell surface receptors leads to activation of ...
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... 3190 D. Riemer and others terminal end (Vorburger et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1989a; Hennekes and Nigg, 1994; Sinensky et al., 1994). This occurs after incorporation of lamin A into the lamina (Lehner et al., 1986). In addition, the permanent membrane binding of B-type lamins may also involve the a ...
... 3190 D. Riemer and others terminal end (Vorburger et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1989a; Hennekes and Nigg, 1994; Sinensky et al., 1994). This occurs after incorporation of lamin A into the lamina (Lehner et al., 1986). In addition, the permanent membrane binding of B-type lamins may also involve the a ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.