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Living better through chemistry: dementia, long
Living better through chemistry: dementia, long

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how-is-genetic-variation-maintained 18 kb how-is-genetic

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Serotonin Syndrome in a poStoperative cardiac Surgical patient M C

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Antiprotozoal and Antihilmintic Drugs

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Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs

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I) Why Genetics for Eye Care Practioners

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... How does it work? -Surprisingly, very little is known as to how acetaminophen works in the body. What is known, though, is that acetaminophen inhibits an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (say that five times fast) – which is a key player in pain, inflammation, and fever. Acetaminophen works in the body ...
Introduction to Pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacology

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Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs

... This isoform may account for more than 50% of all CYP-mediated drug oxidation reactions, and CYP3A4 is likely to be involved in the greatest number of drug–drug interactions. The active site of CYP3A4 is thought to be large relative to other isoforms, as evidenced by its ability to accept substrates ...
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Oral erythromycin for gastroparesis

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Composition Each tablet contains: Sennosides 7.5 mg Properties

... 2- It can also be used in those cases where the aim is to avoid the effort involved in the evacuation of the bowel or whenever rectal lesions are present (hemorrhoids and anal fissures) where the constipation may be due to the effort itself when trying to evacuate the bowel. 3- As laxative prior to ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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