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Adlyxin
Adlyxin

... restart if confirmed. Avoid with history of pancreatitis Acute kidney injury- monitor renal function with renal impairment reporting severe GI reactions. Avoid in ESRD Gastroparesis- avoid use Hypoglycemia with concomitant use of sulfonylurea or basal insulin- consider dose reduction of basal insuli ...
Pharmacology Patient Teaching Project
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3.2 Probability Student pages
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Drug Resistance - World Health Organization

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PPT
PPT

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Chapter 12 College Prep Biology
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Genetics of Evolution - Ms. Chambers' Biology
Genetics of Evolution - Ms. Chambers' Biology

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... On average, 2.2 million people are hospitalized and 100,000 people die every year due to adverse drug reactions (Stipp, 2000). There are multiple factors that determine how an individual will react to a given drug dosage, including weight, age, sex, race, and habits (Kalow, 2006). Yet what has commo ...
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Dermatology Rotation Handbook (194 kb pdf file)

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Slide 1

... opioid rx in 12 months (n=705)  Patients identified through medical records and contacted by telephone for diagnostic interview (response rate = 33%)  Results: 25.8% opioid dependence Fleming MF et al, J Pain, 2007;7:573-582; Boscarino JA et al, Addiction, 2010;105:1776–1782 ...
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... • 185 genes identified to be RIC (resistant to inhibitors of cholinesterase), 132 not known to be involved in synaptic ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Sexual Recombination • In sexually reproducing populations, sexual recombination is far more important than mutation in producing the genetic differences that make adaptation possible • Most variation is produced by genetic differences that result from recombination of existing alleles • Recombinat ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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