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2011 Exam
2011 Exam

... If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet. Check that this booklet has pages 2 – 12 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. ...
mibs and mabs - MN NACNS Home
mibs and mabs - MN NACNS Home

... The Medical Letter. Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Volume 10 (115); March 2012. The Medical Letter. Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Volume 10 (117); May 2012. Mentor A. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 6. J Am Acad Dermatol. ...
Teriparatide - North East Essex CCG
Teriparatide - North East Essex CCG

... possible transient changes to calcium levels. ...
Nasal Drug Delivery in EMS
Nasal Drug Delivery in EMS

...  After an IV is established, naloxone (Narcan) is administered and the patient is successfully resuscitated.  Unfortunately, the nurse suffers a contaminated needle stick while establishing the IV.  The patient admits to being infected with both HIV and hepatitis C. He remains alert for 2 hours w ...
An Identification Guide - Sunshine Coast Health Centre
An Identification Guide - Sunshine Coast Health Centre

... cal uses, effect duration, or methods of ingestion (oral, injected, smoked, or snorted). However, drugs within a particular class typically share similar effects, overdose risk, and withdrawal symptoms. Although considered a hallucinogen, the prevalence and unique features of cannabis warrant a sepa ...
38 - Diabetes Care - American Diabetes Association
38 - Diabetes Care - American Diabetes Association

... meeting glycemic control targets, onethird of patients not meeting blood pressure targets, and less than onequarter of patients not meeting LDL cholesterol targets (10). Although several studies have suggested that diabetic patients achieve better glycemic control with care from specialists than fro ...
Veterinary Transdermal Medications:
Veterinary Transdermal Medications:

... Pharmacokinetic studies of transdermal drugs are also beginning to be published. The University of Wisconsin detected serum levels of methimazole in 2 of 6 cats following a single dose of methimazole compounded in PLO. 5 Despite the inconsistent results of that study, the investigators believe that ...
gastrointestinal drugs
gastrointestinal drugs

... - Depend on the dose and dosing frequency. ...
The complicated relationship between genotype to phenotype
The complicated relationship between genotype to phenotype

... All human brains share fundamental similarities defined by “rules” of neuron shape and connectivity that are encoded in our genes. But, my brain does not look like your ...
Transposable elements: Barbara McClintock and early experiments
Transposable elements: Barbara McClintock and early experiments

... and assayed visually. Bronze encodes an enzyme that modifies the brown of bronze colored product of the C+ gene, changing it to a purple pigment. Thus, Bz+ results in a purple colored aleurone layer, and bz mutations are recessive and result in a brownish aleurone layer. If both the Colorless and B ...
Dihybrid Crosses - Mercer Island School District
Dihybrid Crosses - Mercer Island School District

... Results show more of ____________________ because genes are on the same chromosome. ...
Duaklir® Genuair® 340 micrograms /12 micrograms
Duaklir® Genuair® 340 micrograms /12 micrograms

... Duaklir Genuair administered at the recommended dose will affect fertility in humans. Duaklir Genuair should only be used during pregnancy if the expected benefits to the mother outweigh the potential risks to the infant. It is unknown whether aclidinium bromide (and/or its metabolites) or formotero ...
Click Here For The Powerpoint
Click Here For The Powerpoint

... Red blood cell appearance Phenotype (blood group) ...
Oral suspension
Oral suspension

... mebendazole exhibited evidence of hepatic dysfunction characterized by extremely elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in conjuction with depressed serum albumin levels. It is hypothesized that Mo. moniliformis may metabolize the drug and release a metabolite that is highly toxic to the host. On t ...
How natural selection changes allele frequencies
How natural selection changes allele frequencies

... Six mutations (22%) were not statistically distinguishable from neutral. (Five of the six appeared to be weakly deleterious, and one appeared to be beneficial.) A more sensitive experimental design (with larger populations and allele-frequency assays) would probably show most of these to be signific ...
De novo Structure Variations of the Y Chromosome in a 47,XXY
De novo Structure Variations of the Y Chromosome in a 47,XXY

... chromosome to determine the parental origin of the abnormal sex chromosomes. The results (table 1) elucidated that both X chromosomes were derived from her mother and that the XXY abnormality was caused by non-disjunction of the maternal X chromosomes during meiosis II. The Affymetrix Genome-Wide Hu ...
Presentation
Presentation

... condition. As these genes are passed to new generations, they are considered genetic disorders. • Sickle Cell Anemia — Recessive gene that causes a defect in the red blood cells. • Cystic Fibrosis —Recessive gene that keeps certain enzymes from being produced that digest certain foods and mucus. • H ...
Formulation Strategies for `First-Into-Man` Studies
Formulation Strategies for `First-Into-Man` Studies

... the most suitable approach to providing a dosage form for the clinic. More recently, alternative classification systems have been suggested to replace the BCS, since the purpose of the BCS is primarily as a drug development tool to help formulators and sponsors justify requests for biowaivers (2,3). ...
Breeding Bunnies
Breeding Bunnies

... 7. Create Your Hypothesis: Naked rabbits have a difficult time in the wild, because fur protects rabbits from cold winters. The cold winters are a selective force against naked rabbits. This means that naked rabbits often die before they can reproduce. Given this information, which allele do you thi ...
Repeat prescribing - Beechdale Surgery
Repeat prescribing - Beechdale Surgery

...  It is good practice to have a list of medications which are not permitted in the repeat system clearly visible at the point of repeat e.g. benzodiazepines, antibiotics  A counterfoil (medication list) must be generated with every prescription  If a prescription requires delivery, patients must m ...
Symbyax (Zyprexa [olanzapine] and Prozac [fluoxetine] combination)
Symbyax (Zyprexa [olanzapine] and Prozac [fluoxetine] combination)

... Symbyax may increase appetite and caloric intake, causing significant weight gain. In clinical studies, the mean weight increase in patients who took Symbyax was approximately 8 pounds, compared with placebotreated groups. The major concern of excessive weight gain is the health consequence to the p ...
Synopsis of Laser Assisted Hair Removal Systems
Synopsis of Laser Assisted Hair Removal Systems

... spectrum of light that can be used with filters to narrow the range wavelengths emitted at pulse durations of 2.5-7 ms. The broad wavelengths of this device are theoretically more effective for a variety of hair colors in both light and dark skin types4. ...
Meiosis and Genetics
Meiosis and Genetics

...  A. genotype B. phenotype C. an allele D. independent assortment  What is the ratio for a dihybrid ...
11-muscarinic & ganglionic blockers
11-muscarinic & ganglionic blockers

... localizing signs, and no abnormal reflexes. ...
Genetics
Genetics

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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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