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Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... Not a treatment for addiction. Useful step only when it leads into long-term treatment that is either drug-free (residential or outpatient) or uses medications as part of the treatment. The best documented drug-free treatments are the therapeutic community residential programs lasting at least 3 to ...
Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions
Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions

... needed, then routes other than the oral route should be used. Reduced gastric acidity may result in increased absorption of drugs, such as with amoxycillin. Reduced body fat and increased body water result in changes in the volume of distribution for lipid- and watersoluble drugs. Other influences in ...
Generalised anxiety disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder

... Organic factors (eg hyperthyroidism, caffeine intoxication, stimulant use, alcohol/drug discontinuation syndrome) or adverse effects of prescribed drugs or over-the-counter medication must be excluded. An adjustment disorder, as defined in Adjustment disorder with anxious mood, must also be excluded ...
F 1 - WordPress.com
F 1 - WordPress.com

... states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). • Independent assortment helps to account for the many genetic variations observed in plants, animals and other organisms ...
Genetics and personality traits in patients with social anxiety
Genetics and personality traits in patients with social anxiety

... MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry. University of Stellenbosch, South Africa MRC/US Centre on Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa ...
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics

... • Decreased penetrance or “low penetrance” means that some people inherit genotype and yet do not show the phenotype • Penetrance is calculated as: Number of individuals who have genotype and expected phenotype Total number of individuals who have genotype (any phenotype) ...
MICROEVOLUTION
MICROEVOLUTION

A Novel Deletion Mutation of Exon 2 of the C19orf12 Gene in an
A Novel Deletion Mutation of Exon 2 of the C19orf12 Gene in an

... a history of frequent falls for one year. Her birth history and past medical history were unremarkable. There was no history of change in her personality, and she had no learning difficulties. Five individuals from both sides of the family, who were all offspring of consanguineous marriages, died of ...
Document
Document

... 7. True or false: every trait is represented by two letters. 8. True or false: if the parents both have all recessive, what is the chance that the off sprong will have a dominant trait A:0% B:25% C:50% D:75% ...
Sedating drugs and breastfeeding
Sedating drugs and breastfeeding

... used a high dose of codeine for a long period (> 4 days) and had a genotypic combination of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer and uridine 5’-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 2B7*2/*2 (fast metabolizer), likely leading to high production of pharmacologically active metabolites (mor ...
New oral anticoagulants
New oral anticoagulants

...  Avoid itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole and protease inhibitors ...
Medication Safety: Assuring Safe Outcomes
Medication Safety: Assuring Safe Outcomes

... Although a number of factors influence safe medication administration practices, two problem areas have stood out over the years: verbal and telephone orders and the lack of standardization of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols. To help prevent these errors, TJC requires accredited facilities to f ...
Alliance between AGT Biosciences and
Alliance between AGT Biosciences and

... ital Health Sciences Ltd (VHS), a Melbourne biotechnology research company, has demonstrated that morphine can be delivered through the skin using its patented technology. This has widespread application as a superior drug delivery method for many other pharmaceutical compounds. This success builds ...
Genetics in Headache - International Association for the Study of Pain
Genetics in Headache - International Association for the Study of Pain

... To identify genetic factors that confer susceptibility to migraine, several approaches have been used, which are also applicable to other headache types. First of all, one can perform classical linkage analysis, which aims at identifying segments of chromosomes shared by affected individuals using a ...
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ( PMVT )
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ( PMVT )

... to accommodate for any compromise in liver or renal function to minimise their potential fatal toxicity of QTc prolongation especially among those drugs that are proven to demonstrate this. This particular patient did not have serious biochemical compromise of his liver or renal function. However, a ...
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus

... disease pathogenesis. By the time DC patients develop BMF, all have short telomeres.2,3,4 With the availability of genetic testing, the clinical spectrum of DC has broadened, and it has become clear that the initially described mucocutaneous manifestations are present in only a small proportion of p ...
Safety in Small Populations
Safety in Small Populations

... • Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination affected by immature systems • For some measures, especially in premature neonates, the standard value may be variable (blood pressure) • Infants in clinical trials frequently have comorbidities, multiple medications, thus attribution is difficu ...
Regulatory perspective for successful antibody
Regulatory perspective for successful antibody

Allele interactions: Terms used to specify interactions between
Allele interactions: Terms used to specify interactions between

... K locus as β -defensin (CBD103) and show that its protein product binds with high affinity to the Mc1r and has a simple and strong effect on pigment type-switching in domestic dogs and transgenic mice. These results expand the functional role of b-defensins, a protein family previously implicated in ...
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus
CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus

... disease pathogenesis. By the time DC patients develop BMF, all have short telomeres.2,3,4 With the availability of genetic testing, the clinical spectrum of DC has broadened, and it has become clear that the initially described mucocutaneous manifestations are present in only a small proportion of p ...
MODELING POLYGENIC INHERITANCE Polygenic traits are
MODELING POLYGENIC INHERITANCE Polygenic traits are

... 1. Make a bar graph of height (histogram) on the x-axis and number of offspring on the y-axis. Glue it in your journal. 2. What is the OVERALL shape of this graph? Why? 3. Explain why medium parents usually have medium kids, but can have offspring who are SHORTER or TALLER than they are. 4. Why is i ...
From Morphine to Methadone: Maintenance Drugs in The Treatment
From Morphine to Methadone: Maintenance Drugs in The Treatment

... Early in this century a wide range of treatments for the still poorly understood problem of "addiction'. were considered and tried, but with little success-dependence on opiates appearing particularly intractable. It soon becameclear that once dependencyhad been established, doing without these drug ...
Acute Coronary Syndrome Therapeutic Intervention
Acute Coronary Syndrome Therapeutic Intervention

spc-doc_PL 01883
spc-doc_PL 01883

... reduced by concomitant administration with phenobarbital. Phenobarbital therapy may increase vitamin D requirements. The effect of phenobarbital may possibly be reduced by memantine. The metabolism of toremifene may be accelerated by phenobarbital. The convulsive threshold may be lowered by simultan ...
CEFADROXIL CAPSULES, USP 500 mg
CEFADROXIL CAPSULES, USP 500 mg

... Cefadroxil capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with infection caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases: Urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and Klebsiella species. Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphyloc ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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