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ABC Pumps and Their Role in Active Drug Transport
ABC Pumps and Their Role in Active Drug Transport

... restrictive and selective physiological lines of defense of the organism. Although several parameters such as LogP, LogD and Ka have been extensively employed for determining drug bioavailability, the active transports, present in these biological barriers, play an important role for dosing and limi ...
222phc fatmah lec1-2..
222phc fatmah lec1-2..

... Different expression of metabolizing enzymes according to the Race (ethnicity) ...
Some drugs can cause taste disturbances
Some drugs can cause taste disturbances

... ...leading to loss of appetite and noncompliance. Some of the most common culprits are surprising. Lunesta causes a metallic aftertaste in up to one-third of patients...especially at higher doses. If patients complain, lower the dose or switch to another sleeping agent. ACE inhibitors can cause a me ...
Complex Inheritance - Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
Complex Inheritance - Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

... dominance. What is a trait, however, is NOT completely dominant and/or recessive. Summarize the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance. Incomplete dominance – Neither trait is dominant, results in a BLEND of traits. Codominance – Both traits are equally dominant, results in the expr ...
NANO­SUSPENSION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW  Review Artice    PRASANNA LAKSHMI*
NANO­SUSPENSION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW  Review Artice    PRASANNA LAKSHMI*

... system (BCS) classes II and IV to increase their solubility and hence  partition  into  gastrointestinal  barrier2.  Micronization  is  used  for  class  II  drugs  of  (BCS),  i.e.  drugs  having  a  good  permeability  and  poor  solubility3‐5.  There  are  many  conventional  methods  for  increa ...
r MAR 03 2004 Memorandum
r MAR 03 2004 Memorandum

... treatment, or prevention of a disease in man is a drug. The information contained in your submission, namely the inclusion of a list of documents setting forth diseases for which Piracetam may be an effective treatment, suggests that it is intended to treat, prevent, or mitigate diseases. See 21 CFR ...
Full Prescribing Information
Full Prescribing Information

... Cardiac Events and Fatalities with 5-HT1 Agonists Serious adverse cardiac events, including acute myocardial infarction, have been reported within a few hours following administration of AXERT® (almotriptan malate). Life-threatening disturbances of cardiac rhythm and death have been reported within ...
Document
Document

... ppyyRr ppYyrr Ppyyrr PPyyrr ppyyrr ...
MCQ for Nursing Students 5
MCQ for Nursing Students 5

... Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator and often produces unwanted effects such as headache, dizziness, and hypotension. Patients should be counseled, and the dose titrated, to minimize these effects. In spite of the side effects, nitroglycerine is effective at reducing myocardial oxygen consumption ...
Gilead Sciences (7-03
Gilead Sciences (7-03

... people (20-80) for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects. In Phase II trials, the experimental study drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people (100-300) to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety. In Phase III t ...
How do you spell that?
How do you spell that?

... Lorcaserin for weight loss • Selective (5-HT 2C) serotonin receptor agonist • Valve disease thought to be mediated by 5-HT 2B receptors • 47.5% of pts lost 5% or more of body weight after 1 year (20.3% in placebo group); weight more likely to stay off if lorcaserin continued after first year ...
Practice Exam
Practice Exam

... 10. (6) Drosophila eyes are normally red. Several purple-eyed strains have been isolated as spontaneous mutants, and the purple phenotype has been shown to be inherited as a Mendelian autosomal recessive in each case. To investigate allelism between these different purple mutations, a __complementat ...
CNS STIMULANTS
CNS STIMULANTS

...  These compounds are usually dispensed in a variety of mixtures or complexes to increase solubility in water as citrated caffeine, caffeine ...
Understanding Pomalyst® (pomalidomide) capsules
Understanding Pomalyst® (pomalidomide) capsules

... The IMF’s Understanding series of booklets is designed to acquaint you with treat­ments and supportive care measures for multiple myeloma (which we refer to simply as “myeloma”). Words in bold type are explained in the “Terms and definitions” section at the end of this booklet, as well as in a more ...
Product Information – Australia  Atenolol. Chemical Name:
Product Information – Australia Atenolol. Chemical Name:

... combination with a heart rate greater than 90 beats/min has a particularly poor prognosis). (b) First degree atrioventricular block. There is an increased incidence of cardiogenic shock (and need for inotropes), complete heart block and cardiovascular death in these patients, following atenolol. Pat ...
An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Taq1 and Apa1
An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Taq1 and Apa1

... a role in the variability of OA risk, including age, sex, genetics, ethnicity, behavioral influences, obesity, and occupation.[5,6] Genetic factors account for 40 to 85% of OA development.[5] The identification of disease-susceptibility genes would help us not only to understand the pathogenesis of ...
Forensics and Probability
Forensics and Probability

... • Gene: sequence of DNA coding for genetic information • Allele: a variant of a single gene, inherited at a particular location on a chromosome. The variants can be written as A and a. • Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual. The genotype consists of one complete set of genes from moth ...
Pharmacology as a tool to dose individualize cancer therapy
Pharmacology as a tool to dose individualize cancer therapy

... Nonparametric trend analysis among 6/6, 6/7, 7/7, p<0.01 ...
Implementation and Compliance Issues
Implementation and Compliance Issues

... the country where such resources are located and to mutually agreed terms regarding the sharing of benefits which could be derived from such access. The international regime under development is intended to provide the international framework for the implementation of this key provision of the CBD, ...
“New Drugs on the Horizon” at AACR Annual Meeting 2015
“New Drugs on the Horizon” at AACR Annual Meeting 2015

... Room 204, Pennsylvania Convention Center Session Description: Advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer have led to the identification of key pathways involved in tumor initiation and progression, and translating this innovative science into the next generation of therapeutic ag ...
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use

... some patients, the IOP lowering responses to BETOPTIC S may require a few weeks to stabilize. As with any new medication, careful monitoring of patients is advised. Ophthalmic betaxolol solution at 1% (one drop in each eye) was compared to placebo in a crossover study challenging nine patients with ...
Name - TeacherWeb
Name - TeacherWeb

... Why do people, even closely related people look slightly different from each other? The reason for these differences in physical characteristics, or phenotypes, is the different combination of genes possessed by each individual. To illustrate the tremendous variety possible when you begin to combine ...
Editorial Genetic deafness in Pakistani population
Editorial Genetic deafness in Pakistani population

... along with other factors such as religion, ethnicity, language and geography, usually lead to create genetically isolated groups in which typically confined, well-documented, extended and multigenerational pedigrees with several cases of rare diseases are expected.2 The extended pedigrees were readi ...
DRUGS IN PREGNANCY
DRUGS IN PREGNANCY

... Drug selection is easier when drugs fall under the categories A, D, or X. The dilemma is with medications that fall under the categories B and C where adequate studies are not available to make a definitive judgement. Risk versus benefit, as well as some of the drug characteristics, are the next bes ...
gangrenous ergotism
gangrenous ergotism

... for a large group of psychedelic drugs structurally similar to catechol NT and amph differ from nt by one or more methoxy group ...
< 1 ... 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 ... 1254 >

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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