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... description of the dominant allele, in upper case, to represent the dominant allele. They use the same letter in lower case to represent the recessive allele. According to this system, the allele for round seeds is represented by R and the allele for wrinkled seeds is represented by r. Since each in ...
Lecture 3 - Montefiore Institute ULg
Lecture 3 - Montefiore Institute ULg

... traced to specific locations on the chromosomes and associated with particular traits.  They demonstrate polymorphism, which means that the genetic markers in different organisms of the same species are different.  A classic example of a genetic marker: the area of the DNA which codes for blood ty ...
Prescribing Information including Medication Guide
Prescribing Information including Medication Guide

... 240 Units, no meaningful difference in effectiveness was demonstrated between the doses [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. In previously treated patients, their past dose, response to treatment, duration of effect, and adverse event history should be taken into consideration when determining the XEOMIN ...
Patient Registries and Participating in Clinical Trials
Patient Registries and Participating in Clinical Trials

... shortest period of time (this usually means testing better drugs and using biomarkers). • What is the rationale for excluding certain patients? Can those excluded be used in other ways? Parallel or compassionate studies? But remember that a patient can participate in only one trial at a time and tha ...
7_Kuffner-Improving Patient`s Awareness of Acetaminophen
7_Kuffner-Improving Patient`s Awareness of Acetaminophen

... computer systems and on the pharmacy label, often prevent the use of complete generic names 1 • If only a Rx brand name is used the label may not list acetaminophen or “APAP” at all1 • Acetaminophen portion of the name is commonly abbreviated as “APAP” which patients may not recognize as acetaminoph ...
Opioid withdrawals
Opioid withdrawals

... WITHDRAWAL Partial opioid agonist useful in managing heroin withdrawal. Day 1: 4 to 8 mg Day 2: 4 to 12 mg Day 3: 4 to 16 mg Day 4: 2 to 12 mg Day 5: 0 to 8 mg Day 6: 0 to 4 mg Day 7: 0 to 2 mg Day 8: 0 to 1 mg ...
QTL association analysis of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism
QTL association analysis of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR polymorphism

... genotypes were repeated if clear and strong bands were not observed. The ability of this protocol to detect the long 7-repeat allele in heterozygotes, which shows marked differential ampli®cation with the common 2-, 3-, and 4-repeat alleles, has been examined in our laboratory by comparison with ¯uo ...
Transmission-ratio distortion in the Framingham Heart Study | BMC
Transmission-ratio distortion in the Framingham Heart Study | BMC

... [2]. However, these studies had limited sample sizes, which may have resulted in low power. This limitation has recently been emphasized, when it was shown that hundreds or thousands of trios would be needed to detect loci even with large TRD deviations [3]. For a variety of reasons, including that ...
Condrosulf®: Structural Characterization, Pharmacological Activities
Condrosulf®: Structural Characterization, Pharmacological Activities

... CS samples extracted from different sources have polysaccharide chains composed of various percentages of disaccharides bearing sulfate groups in different positions [15]. Biosynthetic processes generate a great heterogeneity of the number and position of sulfate groups responsible for an overall ch ...
Five Drivers of Evolution
Five Drivers of Evolution

... 5. After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. T ...
PDF
PDF

... have been used for the clinical management of canine babesiosis including diminazene aceturate, imidocarb diproprionate (Fowler et al., 1972), pentamidine isethionate phenamidine isethionate (Farwell et al., 1982). Although, these drugs show clinical effectiveness slowly (Suzuki et al., 2007; Lin an ...
[ F]fluorodeoxyglucose, F-FDG or FDG
[ F]fluorodeoxyglucose, F-FDG or FDG

... cyclotrons and have developed shipping networks that supply the PET imaging centers in the United States, Canada, Europe and other countries. ...
November 2016 Instructor`s Guide (MS Word format)
November 2016 Instructor`s Guide (MS Word format)

... b. Review points system and how they are assigned to each drug category (See Attachment 2) c. Note: It is at the discretion of the instructor how much of an answer must be given to earn points. For example, if there are a list of adverse effects or contraindications, the instructor may choose to ask ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH PrMatulane® Procarbazine
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH PrMatulane® Procarbazine

... have been reported in patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with procarbazine in combination with other chemotherapy and/or radiation. The risks of secondary lung cancer from treatment appear to be multiplied by tobacco use. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considers that the ...
PDF full-Text
PDF full-Text

... The hapten hypothesis is based on observations that small molecules did not induce an immune response unless they were covalently bound to a protein [19]. This concept has been widely established in allergic contact dermatitis caused by chemical agents [20-21] and in allergic reactions to BLs [22]. ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Eunmi LEE
Lecture PPT - Carol Eunmi LEE

... • We are diploid (2 chromosomes), so we have 2 alleles at a locus (any location in the genome) • However, there can be many alleles at a locus in a population. – For example, you might have inherited a blue eye allele from your mom and a brown eye allele from your dad… you can’t have more alleles th ...
Chronic Asthma Handouts
Chronic Asthma Handouts

... – She recently established primary care after several  years of no insurance coverage – She tells you she was told she had asthma as a child,  but does not remember what medications she was  given – She has used albuterol borrowed from her  grandmother for the past 3 years and did have one ED  visit ...
Macular Corneal Dystrophy
Macular Corneal Dystrophy

... – Colloidal iron ...
Nausea and vomiting after surgery
Nausea and vomiting after surgery

... Anaesthesia-related The use of volatile anaesthetics is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of PONV, with risk increasing in a dosedependent manner, and no significant difference in incidence with different volatile anaesthetics. In fact, the use of volatile anaesthetics is the single mo ...
Preservative-Free Ophthalmic Products - Scope e
Preservative-Free Ophthalmic Products - Scope e

... diseases, such as glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, infections, uveitic diseases, and ocular hypertension. To treat eye-related disorders, patients are often prescribed to use different medications under treatment regimens of varying length. In most of the ophthalmic medicaments, preservatives are added, ...
irinotecan - Cancer Care Ontario
irinotecan - Cancer Care Ontario

... abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, myelosuppression ± infection and bleeding and cholinergic symptoms. The most common and severe adverse effect of irinotecan is diarrhea. Two distinct types of diarrhea associated with irinotecan have been identified – an early onset chol ...
PRACTICAL THERAPEUTICS Drugs 45 (6): 918
PRACTICAL THERAPEUTICS Drugs 45 (6): 918

... subgroups reflect entities with different pathophysiologies. These are shown in table I. However, patients with true GORD are likely to account for most cases of so-called reflux-like dyspepsia, and such cases have probably often been included in therapeutic trials of functional dyspepsia. It is wel ...
Lecture PDF - Carol Eunmi LEE
Lecture PDF - Carol Eunmi LEE

... Calculating Allele Frequencies from # of Individuals • The frequency of an allele in a population can be calculated from # of individuals: – For diploid organisms, the total number of alleles at a locus is the total number of individuals x 2 – The total number of dominant alleles at a locus is 2 ...
NSAIDS Use of OTCs last updated 07/10
NSAIDS Use of OTCs last updated 07/10

... drugs work by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1-2). The COX 1-2 enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances involved in inflammation and pain (Prisk 2003). NSAIDs have been routinely used for the initial onset, continued relief, and re- ...
Anecortave Acetate for Steroid-Induced OHT
Anecortave Acetate for Steroid-Induced OHT

... and a baseline IOP ranging from 23 to 52 mm Hg.10 Prata and others treated 28 patients who had either open- or closed-angle glaucoma with anecortave acetate (30 mg) using a similar injection technique.11 The mean baseline IOP of 30.7 mm Hg dropped to 21.3 mm Hg (29% reduction from baseline) at week ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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