• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Research Pharmacy
Research Pharmacy

... Determine short-term risks and safety Looking at effectiveness and best tolerated dose level Dose(s) based on information from Phase I studies Also looking at side effects Study subjects are the types of patients the agent is intended to treat ...
Drug Metabolism
Drug Metabolism

... process, which renders lipid soluble and nonpolar compounds to water soluble and polar compounds so that they are excreted by various processes.  Drugs are considered xenobiotics and most are extensively metabolized in humans.  Not all drugs are bioavailable, in which this led to the development o ...
Side Effects of Sleep Drugs
Side Effects of Sleep Drugs

... Read the Medication Guide, when available, before taking the product. Do not increase the dose prescribed by your health care provider. Complex sleep-related behaviors are more likely to occur with higher than appropriate doses. Do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that depress the nervous syste ...
Polypharmacy in the Elderly
Polypharmacy in the Elderly

... increased unbound concentrations of drugs like phenytoin, theophylline, warfarin, and digoxin Pharmacodynamic changes – changes in end-organ physiological responses to drugs: • increased response to drugs that act on the CNS (eg. benzodiazepines and opiates) due to changes in the blood brain barrier ...
pan-toe - DavisPlus
pan-toe - DavisPlus

... Absorption: Tablet is enteric-coated; absorption occurs only after tablet leaves the stomach. ...
Using Drugs to Promote Health - Garnet Valley School District
Using Drugs to Promote Health - Garnet Valley School District

... people can buy without a physician’s prescription. ...
FOOD  AND  DRUG  ADMINISTRATION November  6,200Q
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION November 6,200Q

... (in over-the-counter drug products). FDA is taking steps to remove phenylpropanolamine from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containing pbeny~pmpanokmline. Phenylpropanolamine has been marketed for many years. ‘A recent study reported that ta ...
46556-2-12118
46556-2-12118

... thousands of genes enables a large-scale unbiased profiling of a heritable cellular trait that mediates the genetic basis of complex phenotypes. The resulting data forms a highdimensional multivariate sample which, to a large extent, reflects the entire phenotypic state of cells, tissues and sometim ...
Overcoming Innovation and Regulation Product Development
Overcoming Innovation and Regulation Product Development

... many ADRs. In fact, PGx is applied in clinical trials in a limited capacity today. Clinical trial researchers use genetic tests for variations in CYP genes, which encode liver metabolic enzymes, to screen and monitor patients. The AmpliChip CYP450 test analyzes two genes in the CYP family by identif ...
Pharmacokinetics of strong opioids
Pharmacokinetics of strong opioids

...  Excretion via kidneys  Metabolism is by the liver mainly to Mophine 3 ...
PATIENT`S NAME: MEDICATION: potassium chloride - McGraw-Hill
PATIENT`S NAME: MEDICATION: potassium chloride - McGraw-Hill

... spironolactone and triamterene), other potassium preparations, drugs called ACE inhibitors (such as captopril and enalapril), and potassium-based salt substitutes. Tell all prescribers what drugs you are taking. Don’t take herbs without consulting your prescriber. STORAGE Store drug at controlled ro ...
BASELINE CRF Biomarkers of Systemic Treatment Outcomes in Psoriasis Single Sample Sites
BASELINE CRF Biomarkers of Systemic Treatment Outcomes in Psoriasis Single Sample Sites

... 1d. Does this patient consent to Psoriasis Biobank? (see Q.8 on Consent Form) ...


... drug effects in women. Only with a strong scientific and research infrastructure will the FDA improve its ability to expedite new technologies for women and prevent potential adverse reactions in women from new products. Previous restrictions on the participation of women in early phases of clinical ...
Pharmacology: The Study of Drugs
Pharmacology: The Study of Drugs

... – Chemically changed into compounds that are less effective and more water soluble – occurs primarily in the liver but also in the lungs, kidneys, GI or skin. – Conditions that alter these sites may alter the elimination of the drug ...
3 Treating a Disease
3 Treating a Disease

... given, how often, and for how long) to achieve this effect. This phase requires a placebo (control) group of subjects and a randomized double-blind procedure. Phase II testing of NoPain lasts 2 years, involves 300 volunteer cancer patients, and costs MedPharm another $20 million. This phase establis ...
What is a Rebound Headache?
What is a Rebound Headache?

... Rebound headaches are one of the least recognized types of headaches by patients, but one of the most common types of headaches seen by neurologists. Rebound headaches are simply due to the overuse of analgesic medications (i.e. medications used to relieve pain- see list below). Patients that take a ...
q-dips: computer-based prediction of known and potential drug
q-dips: computer-based prediction of known and potential drug

File - Wk 1-2
File - Wk 1-2

... 3. Describe the basic mechanisms of Phase I and Phase II reactions and how they influence the excretion of drugs Sorry… may have gone a little OTT with this one. Phase 1 reactions often introduce a reactive group, such as a hydroxyl into the molecule (termed ‘functionalisation’). This point later se ...
Remediation Pharmacology Unit Exam Name: Score:____/75 Which
Remediation Pharmacology Unit Exam Name: Score:____/75 Which

... 7. Single isomer Beta 2 agonists include which of the following? a. Serevent b. Levalbuterol c. Terbutaline d. MicroNefrin 8. Which of the following is a use for Theophylline? a. Increase respiratory muscle strength b. Decrease ventilatory drive c. Decreasing viscosity of mucus d. Blockage of musan ...
The Effect of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism on Drug Response
The Effect of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism on Drug Response

... Genotyping for CYP450 polymorphism has primarily been used for research purposes or clinical drug trials. Recently, the FDA approved the first genotype test designed for use by physicians to guide the selection of medications metabolized by CYP450 enzymes. The Amplichip CYP450 test is a DNA microarr ...
1.-Cardiology - PGXL Laboratories
1.-Cardiology - PGXL Laboratories

... Estimated warfarin maintenance dose requirement: 3.9 mg/day‡ _ CYP2C9 Poor Metabolizer (PM): This patient’s genotype is consistent with significantly reduced CYP2C9 enzymatic activity. Reduced CYP2C9 activity leads to lower dose requirement (e.g., warfarin) due to decreased clearance, increased elim ...
Clinical Pharmacy Specialists Scope of Practice
Clinical Pharmacy Specialists Scope of Practice

... blood pressure goal is not met or if unacceptable adverse effects occurred. If the patient is not experiencing adverse effects, the dose may be increased or another agent may be added. If unacceptable adverse effects occur, another class of therapy will be tried. 4. Instructs the patient how to take ...
Biometry Assignment #5 ~ CI`s and Hypothesis Testing
Biometry Assignment #5 ~ CI`s and Hypothesis Testing

... Biometry Assignment #5 ~ Applications of Sampling Distributions: CI’s and Decision Making (Due 2/25/11) 1. In a random sample of 1215 animals, 362 exhibited a certain trait defect. Determine the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of the population displaying the trait. Also give the correct ...
LETTER OF MEDICAL NECESSITY FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR
LETTER OF MEDICAL NECESSITY FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR

Situations where TDM is not useful
Situations where TDM is not useful

... Dr Arif Hashmi Objectives Review the therapeutic monitoring of drugs with low therapeutic indices. • Indications of Therapeutic drug monitoring. • Clinical significance of therapeutic drug monitoring. • Give example of drugs that needs therapeutic drug monitoring. ...
< 1 ... 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 ... 1254 >

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report