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"Hospital Pharmacy Workflow" By Dr. Mona Baalbaki
"Hospital Pharmacy Workflow" By Dr. Mona Baalbaki

... The Pharmacy Department at RHUH is a full service automated computerized inpatient facility providing a wide range of services both to the patient and hospital medical staff. ...
PGX Test Monographs
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... alleles *6, *7, *9, *11, *16, *18, and *36 encode a decreased activity enzyme. The *22 alleles represents a gain-of-function allele. The functional impact of variants that define the CYP286 *4 and *5 alleles is drug dependent. The most common functionally deficient allele is CYP286*6. It is found in ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... and be able to diagnose and treat it more effectively. Even with sequence in hand, there are major problems in gene identification and cloning – need knowledge of map position therefore linkage analysis continues to be of major importance – ultimate goal of reconciling the genetic (linkage) and phys ...
Not long after the introduction of antibiotics it became apparent that
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... and it is often the underlying illness, rather than the antibiotic therapy, that determines the outcome. Process-oriented audits are, therefore, more commonly employed when examining antibiotic use, although there is some controversy over the relevance of the results and their relation to actual pat ...
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... prescription pain reliever for moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone: is a semisynthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for chronic or long lasting pain. The medication's active ingredient is oxycodone, which is also found in drugs like Percodan and Tylox. Codeine: a naturally occurring narcotic relieves ...
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... Disclaimer: Anything listed on this sheet is fair game for the test. It may not appear in the exact words, or in this order, and some things may be omitted on the actual test. I will focus on your understanding of difficult concepts. This means I will most likely give you hypothetical, real world si ...
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... A 56-year-old patient suffering from essential hypertension was prescribed an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and a potassium-sparing diuretic. Such combination is: A Unreasonable because it increases risk of hyperkaliemia development B Reasonable because it decreases risk of hyperk ...
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... postmarket trials. The conduct of these trials had to be negotiated with companies. Some companies were much better than others at complying with their agreements in this regard. New Provisions: The FDA may require postmarket studies or clinical trials to:  Assess known serious risks,  Assess sign ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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