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Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly
Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly

... • changes in the physiology of the elderly alter responses to drug therapy • pharmacokinetic changes affect the effective concentration of drug in the body • pharmacodynamic changes alter the body’s response to the drug therapy • adverse drug reactions are more common in the elderly and can be avoid ...
wk 1. error+safe prescribingv0_2
wk 1. error+safe prescribingv0_2

...  Significant risk that your order may be misinterpreted by nursing staff and patient may receive daily = pancytopenia ...
Primary Care Pain Medication Prescribing Guidelines
Primary Care Pain Medication Prescribing Guidelines

... 2. Providers will treat patients based on established safe prescribing practices and on a case-by-case basis. Nonnarcotic pain medication alternatives will be explored as first-line treatment in all patients with pain. 3. Providers will treat patients with narcotics for greater than 30 days only aft ...
L8 Pharmacology PPt - Moodle
L8 Pharmacology PPt - Moodle

... Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (revision) 2 branches of pharmacology ...
CH4 part 2
CH4 part 2

... 2 drugs that are given at the same time may require the same enzymes for biotransformation, thus slowing down the metabolism of one or both drugs. One drug may induce or increase the rate and effect of biotransformation for both drugs These scenarios can increase or decrease the efficacy of the drug ...
Guidelines for treatment of Post-kala
Guidelines for treatment of Post-kala

... those who report gastrointestinal reactions, 90% will have vomiting only once a month. Should any skin rashes or gastro-intestinal symptoms develop the doctor may consider stoppage of the drug and refer the patient to higher treatment centre. A monitoring of renal and hepatic functions is recommende ...
What’s new in clinical Trials
What’s new in clinical Trials

... assurance that therapies developed to treat diseases are both SAFE and EFFECTIVE • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is charged with ensuring that safety and effectiveness are proven before a drug is put on pharmacy shelves, or before a device is marketed • They are also responsible for LABELIN ...
pharmaceutical products and drug action
pharmaceutical products and drug action

... D.9.1  Discuss the use of a compound library in drug design. [Traditionally, a large collection of related compounds are synthesized individually and evaluated for biological properties. This approach is time-consuming and expensive.] D.9.2  Explain the use of combinatorial and parallel chemistry ...
8th Grade Life Science State and District Outcomes Summary
8th Grade Life Science State and District Outcomes Summary

... 2.1c Recognize and infer bias in print and digital resources while researching an environmental issue 2.1d Use technology resources such as online encyclopedias, online databases, and credible websites to locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information about human impact on local eco ...
The Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project

... What is the Human Genome Project? • U.S. govt. project coordinated by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health • goals (1998-2003) – identify the approximate 100,000 genes in human DNA – determine the sequences of the 3 billion bases that make up human DNA – store this informat ...
Electronic Prescribing
Electronic Prescribing

... E-Rx can support prescribing in compliance with insurance formularies, avoiding ...
Patient Advisor - RJ Health Systems
Patient Advisor - RJ Health Systems

... • This medication may cause constipation. If this occurs, you should call your doctor, he/she may increase the amount of fiber in your diet or have you take a laxative. • DO NOT stop your medication abruptly or change the amount taken without first talking with your doctor or pharmacist. • DO NOT us ...
Prescriptions Drugs 101
Prescriptions Drugs 101

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Popular Drugs May Cl..

... people with memory disorders have shown that up to 25 percent of the patients who seek help have reversible disorders, including those caused by polypharmacy — taking a combination of medications, some of which may have anticholinergic activity. Still, Dr. Thies said, “it would be unfair to suggest ...
Drugs and Labs, what needs to be monitored?
Drugs and Labs, what needs to be monitored?

... • Look at whole person and how the drugs, labs, and clinical picture add up; the light bulb comes on and the puzzle is solved! ...
How might we cure diseases in the future?
How might we cure diseases in the future?

... This relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person’s genetic makeup. ...
Some information on Drug Testing
Some information on Drug Testing

... Some information on Drug Testing Under the Federal guidelines, drug testing has two cutoff levels for positive detection. That is, labs that follow the guidelines consider drug testing to be negative if detection is below either cutoff level. In the case of urine analysis, drug testing cutoff levels ...
Is a “Discussion” on “Are Oservational Studies Any Good
Is a “Discussion” on “Are Oservational Studies Any Good

... • Those apriori more likely to have a given disease outcome are steered to the negative drugs? • Incorrect statistical models used? ...
DRUGS IN SPORT
DRUGS IN SPORT

... which can also be hidden and difficult to detect. The big change between the status of an amateur and professional player is big business. Sponsorship can be worth millions of pounds to some ...
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What the study found

... Association (in a joint statement with the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology), which all agree that we need more information, and that this article should not influence us to unduly stop taking Avandia. Summary of Statement from the American College of Cardiology, America ...
Antiepileptic Medication: Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Antiepileptic Medication: Phenytoin (Dilantin)

... 70 to 90% of the drug will bind to proteins in the bloodstream. This part of the drug is inactive. After you take your dose, it takes about 4 to 12 hours for the drug to have a maximum effect. You might be more aware of dose related side effects at this time if you have them. It takes about 7 to 42 ...
NURSING PROCESS FOCUS: Patients Receiving Levodopa
NURSING PROCESS FOCUS: Patients Receiving Levodopa

... distention, nausea, and vomiting)  Observe for unsafe activities. (Benztropine  Instruct family to supervise ambulation may cause sedation or dizziness.) until response to medication is known  Advise patient not to drive until response to medication is known  Monitor for symptoms of overdose. (S ...
NURSING PROCESS FOCUS: Patients Receiving Levodopa
NURSING PROCESS FOCUS: Patients Receiving Levodopa

... distention, nausea, and vomiting) • Observe for unsafe activities. (Benztropine • Instruct family to supervise ambulation may cause sedation or dizziness.) until response to medication is known • Advise patient not to drive until response to medication is known • Monitor for symptoms of overdose. (S ...
Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix A: Glossary

... of healthy volunteers (between 20 and 80) participate in Phase 1 trials. phase 2 study These studies include more participants (about 100-300) who have the disease or condition that the experimental medication could potentially treat. In Phase 2 studies, researchers seek to gather further safety dat ...
13946 - BOT Plus
13946 - BOT Plus

... dangerous, as it acts similar to MAO inhibitors. They have severe side reactions, and if not careful, can even lead to death. High-risk patients, such as the elderly, patients taking three or more medications for chronic conditions, patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension, depression, high ch ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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