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Chapter 8 Mendel and Heredity
Chapter 8 Mendel and Heredity

... gene—one from each parent. There are alternative versions of genes. Today the different versions of a gene are called its alleles. When two different alleles occur together, one of them may be completely expressed, while the other may have no observable effect on the organism’s appearance. When game ...
Pharmacy Project Indicators Workshop
Pharmacy Project Indicators Workshop

... The Importance of Medication Histories • 14.5% of consumers are on ≥ 4 medicines (ABS, 1999) • 5-20% of medical admissions drug related (Roughhead, MJA, 2000) • On admission, up to 50% of patients have an incomplete medicine list provided, resulting in a medicine not being administered during the h ...
Patient Education LORAZEPAM
Patient Education LORAZEPAM

... Lorazepam is used to treat anxiety. OTHER USES: This drug may also be used for seizures, alcohol withdrawal, prevention of nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, tension headache, and for sleeping trouble (insomnia). HOW TO USE: Take as directed. The dose and frequency of use will depend on your c ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  Defends himself to other inmates  Job and college prospects slammed because of felony, then starts life of crime since strapped for cash ...
populations
populations

... Genes that contains the sequence TATA in its promoter are more likely to have evolved than that of a genes that do not have TATA in its promoter. ...
Processes of Evolution
Processes of Evolution

... Processes of Evolution Individuals of a population are selected for because of the genetic phenotype Populations evolve because of the individual phenotypes that are selected for. Only the members of the same species can produce viable, fertile offspring in the next generation. This is a method of e ...
Genotype Testing for Genetic Polymorphisms to Determine
Genotype Testing for Genetic Polymorphisms to Determine

... Diagnosis Code (s) ( if known): This data collection tool is for provider request for medical necessity review request for genotype testing for polymorphisms which can identify variants of specific genes associated with abnormal and normal drug metabolism. NOTE: Requests for testing hiopurine methyl ...
Erectile Performance—A Barometer of a Man`s Health
Erectile Performance—A Barometer of a Man`s Health

... treatment of ED improves quality of life of patients and their partners, but also serves as an incentive to start to reverse the pathologic process that is responsible for the condition. At the fall meetings of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America in New York, there were several reports that ...
Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP
Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP

Common Cardiac Related Medications - NK Cardio
Common Cardiac Related Medications - NK Cardio

... Warfarin is slow to act Hemophilia and inherited disorders of coagulation Elderly and debilitated patients, who are at greater risk of bleeding Recent severe trauma or surgery (depending on the site and nature of the injury) Severe renal insufficiency increases the risk of bleeding Avoid taking if y ...
Unit 1 Rev 4 - Mr. Lesiuk
Unit 1 Rev 4 - Mr. Lesiuk

... genetic equilibrium are rarely maintained for very long, so what will usually happen to the frequency of an allele which codes for a “desired/favored” phenotype? OVER  ...
PAIN TREATMENT How drugs work on pain
PAIN TREATMENT How drugs work on pain

... Anti-inflammatory effect is modest but gives relief  Antipyretic: prevents body temperature from rising ...
Chapter 14 Outline
Chapter 14 Outline

... different genes (they complement each other). If the phenotype is mutant, the mutations are in the same gene and form part of the same “complementation group”. Complementation analysis can be done in haploids, such as Neurospora, by means of heterokaryon analysis. Note that in haploid genetics, typi ...
Drugs
Drugs

... rates of dependence amongst its users. ...
sample-2 - Philadelphia University Jordan
sample-2 - Philadelphia University Jordan

... solve familiar problems with ease and can make progress towards the solution of unfamiliar problems, and can set out reasoning and explanation in a clear and coherent manner (5 marks) Question-12: (5 marks) Omar is interested in developing new anti-lipidemic agent, he found the following 3D structur ...
Regulation of Over-The-Counter Drugs - Power
Regulation of Over-The-Counter Drugs - Power

... Correct Answer: B Educational objective 6 Rationale: In its new rule, the FDA deemed cigars, pipe tobacco, waterpipe tobacco and other products including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) subject to regulation.35 In essence these other products are subject to the same restrictions that the ...
The role of the liver in drug metabolism
The role of the liver in drug metabolism

... Genetic polymorphism refers to the inherited differences in enzyme structure among individuals, groups or population that alters the way in which drugs are metabolised in the body. This genetic polymorphism plays an important role in anaesthesia, particulary with reference to plasma cholinesterase, ...
Contents - World Health Organization
Contents - World Health Organization

... The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are disti ...
Multidrug Sensitivity in Herding Breeds: MDR1 Gene
Multidrug Sensitivity in Herding Breeds: MDR1 Gene

... Multidrug Sensitivity in Herding Breeds: MDR1 Gene Mutation MDR1 Gene Mutation: The MDR1 gene encodes P-glycoprotein, a drug transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and distribution (particularly to the brain), as well as enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in ...
FDA Regulatory Process for Premarket [510(k)] Submission: General and
FDA Regulatory Process for Premarket [510(k)] Submission: General and

... controls to mitigate the risk. A premarket notification [510(k)] is a marketing application submitted to FDA to demonstrate that the medical device described is as safe and as effective or substantially equivalent to a legally marketed device that was or is currently on the US market, or was on the ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology

...  This is an effect similar to cocaine  Agitation, anxiety, overdose can cause death ...
Extensions of Mendel`s Rules
Extensions of Mendel`s Rules

... and prevent normal CNS development – 1/15,000 births on average – If affected person consumes a diet low in phenylalanine, then they develop normally – *Mere presence of gene DOES NOT determine phenotype ...
amLODIPine (am-loe-di-peen) - DavisPlus
amLODIPine (am-loe-di-peen) - DavisPlus

... Instruct patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken, to avoid alcohol, and to consult health care professional before taking any new medications, especially cold preparations. Advise patient to notify health care professional if ...
Postnatal screening – Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
Postnatal screening – Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

... This is a non-specific approach that checks the embryo for single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities in general Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis This is a specific approach It is used to check for a known chromosomal or gene abnormality The tests allow the experts to select which embryos ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... reduce the number of medication errors which occur world-wide every day. • JCAHO reports that 63% of 350 sentinel* events related to medications were attributed to communication issues and half of the errors would have been avoided through an effective process of medication reconciliation. *A sentin ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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