Download PAIN TREATMENT How drugs work on pain

PAIN TREATMENT
How drugs work on pain
NSAIDS…

N : Non

S : Steroidal

A : Anti

I

Ds : Drugs
: Inflammatory
THE ACTION OF

DRUGS ON PAIN…
These drugs have:-
analgesic
antipyretic
anti-inflammatory
effects
INDICATIONS…
Used for complaints under prescription by G.P. :
Rheumatic pain
 Severe pain for bone cancer

Used O.T.C. for self-treatment of pain:
Headaches
 Dental pain
 Muscularskeletal disorders

THESE DRUGS ARE NOT EFFECTIVE…
Visceral pain
 Myocardial infarction ( aspirin has a more
therapeutic anti-platelet effect)
 Renal colic
 Acute abdominal pain

These disorders require opioid analgesics
MECHANISM OF ACTION…
Action is exerted peripherally and centrally
 Associated with its anti-inflammatory
effects
( from the inhibition of prostaglandin in the
inflamed tissue)

Anti-inflammatory effect is modest but
gives relief
 Antipyretic: prevents body temperature
from rising

ADVERSE EFFECTS…


Common when given in high doses used in
elderly patients who are more susceptible
Gastro-intestinal side-effects ( bleeding,
ulceration)
Nephrotoxicity: action against
prostaglandins results in sodium retention,
reduced blood flow and renal failure
 Bronchospasm
 Rashes
 allergies

ASPIRIN ®ACETYLSALICYLIC

ACID
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), principally heart disease
and stroke, is the leading cause of death for both males and
females in developed countries. Aspirin is the most widely
used and tested antiplatelet drug in CVD, and it is proven
to be the cornerstone of antiplatelet therapy in treatment
and prevention of CVD in clinical trials in various
populations. In acute coronary syndrome,thrombotic stroke,
and Kawasaki’s disease, acute use of aspirin can decrease
mortality and recurrence of cardiovascular events. As
secondary prevention, aspirin is believed to be effective in
acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, revascularization,
stroke, TIA,and atrial fibrillation. Aspirin may also be used
for patients with a high risk of future CVD for primary
prevention, but the balance between benefits and the
possibility of side effects must be considered.
REVIEW ARTICLE
Clinical Use of Aspirin in Treatment and
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
 Yuxiang Dai and Junbo Ge
 Shanghai Cardiovascular Institute and
Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

Hindawi Publishing Corporation
 Thrombosis
 Volume 2012, Article ID 245037, 7 pages
 doi:10.1155/2012/245037

PHARMACOKINETICS

Oral administration salicylates are absorbed in
stomach and upper part of small intestine

Absorbed readily in pure form

Food and antacids delay absorption

Rectal administration – slower absorption
DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION

Distributed throughout the body tissues and
fluids including breast milk

Liver metabolizes salicylates into metabolites.

Kidney excretes metabolites
PHARMACODYNAMICS

Mechanism of action. Relief of pain inhibiting synthesis of
prostaglandin

Reduce inflammation by inhibition of
prostaglandin
Reduce fever by stimulation hypothalamusdilation of peripheral blood vessels increasing
sweating
 Inhibits platelet aggregation ( increases blood
flow in M.I)
