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Introduction - NHS Evidence Search
Introduction - NHS Evidence Search

... avoided where possible (Grimes et al. (ii)). Problems have also been found when different electronic systems were used in different departments of a hospital (Corbett and Shulman). One paper suggests that errors should be improved by using compatible IT systems based on the ISO/CEN EN 13 606 standar ...
Polymorphic Variation in the Structure of Aerial
Polymorphic Variation in the Structure of Aerial

An Evaluation of Drugs Used in the Control of Stressful Stimuli in
An Evaluation of Drugs Used in the Control of Stressful Stimuli in

... of drugs in the mitigation or prevention of stress in domestic, wild and laboratory animals. For ethical and other reasons, such studies in humans are not conducted. However, the results of these studies may find applications in humans. The choice of these drugs as antistressors is either empirical, ...
Lactose tolerance
Lactose tolerance

... 1. Primary lactose intolerance. As children are weaned they lose the ability to metabolise milk, so they become lactose-intolerant adults. 2. Secondary lactose intolerance. This occurs in adults from lactose tolerant populations who, due to damage caused by diseases of the stomach or intestines, c ...
Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems
Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems

... Advantages • It allows local modification of tissue permeability, inhibition of protease activity or reduction in immunogenic response, thus selective use of therapeutic agents like peptides proteins and ionized species can be achieved. • Drugs which are unstable in acidic environment of stomach or ...
Kratom Did you know? - Maryland Poison Center
Kratom Did you know? - Maryland Poison Center

... Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant/tree indigenous to Thailand and Southeast Asia whose leaves have been used for their psychoactive properties since the 19th century in that part of the world. The Maryland Poison Center was consulted on three cases of toxicity from kratom abuse this month alone ...
semester 4 grading period 2 study guide File
semester 4 grading period 2 study guide File

... Clenbuterol (Clen) is a selective beta-2 agonist/antagonist and a bronchodilator sometimes prescribed for obstructive pulmonary disease. Like anabolic steroids it can increase lean muscle mass, but it also has potentially serious side effects. ...
Enhancing adherence in clinical research
Enhancing adherence in clinical research

... How does the agent compare with other accepted treatments? What is the incidence of adverse effects, interactions; or side-effects? How should drug be labeled? ...
DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE TABLETS, USP Rev. 06/11
DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE TABLETS, USP Rev. 06/11

... - that the use of doxycycline might increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis. Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including doxycycline hyclate should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Doxycycline is pr ...
famotidine injection - Boehringer Ingelheim
famotidine injection - Boehringer Ingelheim

... In normal volunteers and hypersecretors, famotidine inhibited basal and nocturnal gastric secretion, as well as secretion stimulated by food and pentagastrin. After oral administration, the onset of the antisecretory effect occurred within one hour; the maximum effect was dose-dependent, occurring w ...


... that succinylcholine-induced contracture may occur in “tonic” muscle fibers of mammals7. Thus, succinylcholine-induced contracture may be the normal pharmacologic response of the masseter muscle, similar to the succinylcholine-induced contracture of the extraocular muscles8. The masseter muscles con ...
IRTRA® Combination Tablets LD/HD
IRTRA® Combination Tablets LD/HD

... long half-life in blood and a 24-hour-lasting blood pressure-lowering effect, having high anti-hypertensive effect in mild to severe hypertension. Based on the large-scale clinical trials, IDNT and IRMA2, which are often cited in the major international guidelines, this drug is also recognized as th ...
Osmotic-Controlled Release Oral Delivery System
Osmotic-Controlled Release Oral Delivery System

... technology that uses osmotic pressure as the driving force to deliver pharmacotherapy, usually once-daily, in several therapeutic areas. Oral route is one of the most extensively used routes of drug administration because of its obvious advantages of ease of administration, improved patient complian ...
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, et al
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, et al

... The "intended use" concept originated in the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906, which focused on manufacturer statements on the product label. Over the decades, that meaning became tightly woven into the fabric of the FDCA. Its lengthy history and its role in the structure and established operation of ...
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians

... CITC is a project of the University of California, San Francisco, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The development of the third edition of this Guide was funded through CDC Cooperative Agreement 1U52/PS004088-01. The views expressed in written materials or publications ...
Prescribing information - Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Prescribing information - Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

... Urinary retention ...
WELLBUTRIN® (bupropion hydrochloride) Tablets
WELLBUTRIN® (bupropion hydrochloride) Tablets

... Pooled analyses of short-term placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and others) show that these drugs increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 18 to 24) with MDD and ...
RP-HPLC Analysis of Aspirin - Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical
RP-HPLC Analysis of Aspirin - Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical

... Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract showed lower activities against all fungal pathogens except for Candida krusei, compared with the standard. Against the filamentous fungus, Trichosporon cutaneum, all extracts showed less activity than the standard. Key words: Antifungal, Candida, fluconazole ...
NHS Walsall Protocol for the supply of Nicotine Replacement
NHS Walsall Protocol for the supply of Nicotine Replacement

... quit attempt and then fortnightly supplies can be given to cover weeks 3 – 8 of the quit attempt. Provide weekly support for the first month of the quit attempt. Stopping smoking is difficult and the advisor may use their discretion whether to continue to issue NRT should the client have lapses. How ...
Notes - GitHub Pages
Notes - GitHub Pages

... • loss of heterozygosity (long-term) ...
Prevalence and nature of adverse drug events and the potential for
Prevalence and nature of adverse drug events and the potential for

... literature review were conducted to summarise previous literature on preventable ADRs and methods to assess the preventability of ADEs. Results: Swedish physicians estimated that half of their current outpatients and inpatients experienced ADEs. The one-month prevalence of self-reported ADEs in the ...
Drug Allergy: An Updated Practice Parameter
Drug Allergy: An Updated Practice Parameter

... should be noted that the Executive Summary does not discuss all of this parameter’s topics in depth. An annotated algorithm in this document summarizes the major decision points for the evaluation and treatment of patients who have experienced possible adverse drug reactions (Fig 1). This is followe ...
naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan containing
naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan containing

... Generic triptans may be covered at the doses at which they have been shown to be safe and effective. Up to 12 triptan tablets, 6 nasal sprays or 6 injections per month may be covered per month. Coverage of quantities exceeding these limits is allowed only when specific criteria are met. ...
SOLU-MEDROL Sterile Powder
SOLU-MEDROL Sterile Powder

... Methylprednisolone sodium succinate should not be used routinely to treat head injury as demonstrated by the results of a multicenter study. The study results revealed an increased mortality in the 2 weeks after injury in patients administered methylprednisolone sodium succinate compared to placebo ...
PDF 838 kb - Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
PDF 838 kb - Patented Medicine Prices Review Board

... DDD is defined as the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. Assumed The DDD is based on a review of the available information including the doses used in various European countries. However, the DDD may not always mirror the patterns of drug utili ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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