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... 1. Neither allele for a trait is dominant. 2. The phenotype produced is intermediate between the two homozygous parents. B. Multiple Alleles 1. More than two alleles are multiple alleles. 2. Traits controlled by multiple alleles produce more than three phenotypes. C. Polygenic inheritance 1. A group ...
6.4 Traits, Genes, and Alleles
6.4 Traits, Genes, and Alleles

... Distinguish between the terms locus and allele. An allele is an alternative form of a gene, which codes for a different form of the same trait. Alleles are found at the same location, or locus, on homologous chromosomes ...
2- Distribution
2- Distribution

... through which large plasma proteins can pass. . Blood-brain barrier: In order to enter the brain, drugs must pass through the endothelial cells of the capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS) or be actively transported. For example, the large neutral amino acid carrier transports levo-dopa in ...
verapamil (ver-ap-a-mil) - DavisPlus
verapamil (ver-ap-a-mil) - DavisPlus

... Why was this drug prescribed for your patient? ...
Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in
Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in

... Definition. ...
Intro to pharmacology
Intro to pharmacology

... Which of the following is the best statement related to medication teaching? “All patients can learn about medications in the same setting.” “The method and pace for teaching must be designed for each patient.” “Using a single teaching method is most effective.” “Encourage all family members to be p ...
Genetics Chapter Test  B Multiple Choice 1.
Genetics Chapter Test B Multiple Choice 1.

... Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ...
Dabigatran
Dabigatran

... “Bleeding that may lead to serious or even fatal outcomes is a well-recognized complication of all anticoagulant therapies.” ...
Protein Data Bank Advisory Committee
Protein Data Bank Advisory Committee

... • collects triglycerides from very low density or low density lipoproteins (VLDL or LDL) and exchanges them for cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins (and vice versa) • A long tunnel with two major binding sites. Docking studies suggest that it possible that torcetrapib binds to both of ...
Drugs, the brain and behavior, Objectives:
Drugs, the brain and behavior, Objectives:

... strongly indicates that the pleasure pathway (medial forebrain bundle) of the brain is affected by all addictions, particularly in the pharmacological qualities of euphoria, craving and the feeling of “drug need”. ...


... in women Forty five respondents(11.3%)admitted they minimatty once did not refitl their medicationson time. The meantime of being without the medications in these patients was 7 days. Onty 9 patients (2.2%)stated they use their medications onty when wetl feeting deteriorates and onty 2 patients (0.5 ...
Treatment of Hypersexuality Patients
Treatment of Hypersexuality Patients

... Hypersexuality or paraphilic behavior are extremely difficult to manage. Before initiating pharmacotherapy to control unwanted sexual behaviors, the current drug regimen should be evaluated for drugs that may cause/exacerbate the behavior (eg. amphetamines/anticholinergic/antiparkinson meds). Cognit ...
Cardiac Drugs Part II
Cardiac Drugs Part II

... Fasting serum glucose greater than 110 ...
The buccal/sublingual route
The buccal/sublingual route

... • Rapid absorption - Because of the good blood supply to the area absorption is usually quite rapid. • Avoiding the first pass metabolism: As the liver is by-passed, there is no loss of drug leading to higher bioavailability. • Drug stability: pH in mouth relatively neutral (stomach - acidic). Thus ...
OLANZapine (oh-lan-za-peen) - DavisPlus
OLANZapine (oh-lan-za-peen) - DavisPlus

... Observe patient carefully when administering medication to ensure that medication is taken and not hoarded or cheeked. Assess fluid intake and bowel function. Increased bulk and fluids in the diet may help minimize constipation. Monitor patient for onset of akathisia (restlessness or desire to keep ...
Tutorial NSAIDs
Tutorial NSAIDs

... o Potent anti-inflammatory o Antipyretic & analgesic o Lower incidence of gastric upset o No effect on platelet aggregation ( COX-1) ...
General Pharmakokinetics
General Pharmakokinetics

... Placental barrier. Placental membranes are lipid and allow free passage of lipophilic drug, while restricting hydrophilic drugs. The placental P-gp also serves to limit foetal exposure to maternally administered drugs. However restricted amounts of nonlipid soluble drugs, when present in high conce ...
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Mendel and the Gene Idea

...  Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes  Law of Independent Assortment  Each pair of alleles segregate independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation ...
Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy
Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy

... malformations following the use of SSRI’s in pregnancy • fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa) reported in the greatest numbers • tricyclic antidepressants also not shown to pose risk for birth defects • there is some concern for neonatal toxicity/withdrawal, although incidence is not known • ...
guide on handling look alike, sound alike medications
guide on handling look alike, sound alike medications

... International Non-proprietary Names Expert Group works to develop international non-proprietary names for pharmaceutical medicinal substances for acceptance worldwide. In Malaysia, the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health in its Drug Registration Guidance Document, September 20 ...
key concepts in acute pain management
key concepts in acute pain management

... – Large genetic variability in expression ...
Alcohol Effects on Inhibitory Mechanisms of Visual Attention
Alcohol Effects on Inhibitory Mechanisms of Visual Attention

... to do a thing like that? I chose not to choose life: I chose something else. And the reasons? There are no reasons. Who need reasons when you've got heroin? ...
Supplemental Standards of Practice for Schedule II and III
Supplemental Standards of Practice for Schedule II and III

... The pharmacist shall use other methods to determine health status, as per provincial law, such as: - available lab values; - other health indicators, such as blood pressure; and - referring to the patient’s medication profile or electronic health record, if appropriate. ...
American College of Medical Genetics (2000)
American College of Medical Genetics (2000)

... Pediatrics and with this Statement, the American College of Medical Genetics. In addition to these important developments, dramatic recent advances have been made in our understanding of the specific causes of clinically significant hearing loss. Deafness is an etiologically heterogeneous trait with ...
Lectures Slides
Lectures Slides

... caused by the diet pills. When Catherine returned to her doctor after having lost the desired weight, she asked him for a refill of her prescription to help her maintain her new figure. When he refused, Catherine asked around among her friends until she found the name of a physician who was willing ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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