Emerging roles for lipids in non-apoptotic cell death
... certain pathological states. Lipids are emerging as key components of several non-apoptotic RCD pathways. For example, a direct interaction between membrane phospholipids and the pore-forming protein mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is needed for the execution of necroptosis, while the oxidat ...
... certain pathological states. Lipids are emerging as key components of several non-apoptotic RCD pathways. For example, a direct interaction between membrane phospholipids and the pore-forming protein mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is needed for the execution of necroptosis, while the oxidat ...
Regulation of tubulin heterodimer partitioning during interphase and
... partitioning in all three human cell model systems studied. Moreover, consistent with phosphorylation-inactivation of these two proteins during mitosis, we found that the microtubule-regulatory activities of both MAP4 and Op18 were only evident in interphase cells. Importantly, by employing a system ...
... partitioning in all three human cell model systems studied. Moreover, consistent with phosphorylation-inactivation of these two proteins during mitosis, we found that the microtubule-regulatory activities of both MAP4 and Op18 were only evident in interphase cells. Importantly, by employing a system ...
Document
... integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
... integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex
... of protofilaments forms a hollow cylinder of 25 nm in diameter. The orientation of a/b tubulin dimers in the MT lattice confers a polarity that is crucial for MT organization, with b-tubulin pointing towards the fast growing plus end, and a-tubulin pointing towards the slow growing minus end. a and ...
... of protofilaments forms a hollow cylinder of 25 nm in diameter. The orientation of a/b tubulin dimers in the MT lattice confers a polarity that is crucial for MT organization, with b-tubulin pointing towards the fast growing plus end, and a-tubulin pointing towards the slow growing minus end. a and ...
Lecture21
... Were once free-living Bacteria. How do we know this? -have their own genomes -genomes are circular -have 16S rRNA genes chloroplast branches in Cyanobacteria - oxygenic photosynthesis mitochondria branches in Proteobacteria near Rickettsia- aerobic respiration -have lipid membranes (often two sets) ...
... Were once free-living Bacteria. How do we know this? -have their own genomes -genomes are circular -have 16S rRNA genes chloroplast branches in Cyanobacteria - oxygenic photosynthesis mitochondria branches in Proteobacteria near Rickettsia- aerobic respiration -have lipid membranes (often two sets) ...
Coordination of Cellular Pattern-Generating Circuits that Control
... neurons and hypothesized intersegmental synaptic connections. Weakly coupled oscillator theory was used to derive coupling functions that predict phase differences between neurons in neighboring segments. We show how features controlling the size of the lag under simplified network configurations co ...
... neurons and hypothesized intersegmental synaptic connections. Weakly coupled oscillator theory was used to derive coupling functions that predict phase differences between neurons in neighboring segments. We show how features controlling the size of the lag under simplified network configurations co ...
Taxonomy, biology and physiology of fungi
... H. Complex cytoplasm with internal organelles, microfilaments and microtubules ...
... H. Complex cytoplasm with internal organelles, microfilaments and microtubules ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
... the N-terminus. Self-association is an interesting function of coiled-coil domains. Additionally, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains of DLG5 also have self-association potential and can bind to the N-terminus of DL5 [22]. The characteristics of the coiled coil, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains suggest that ...
... the N-terminus. Self-association is an interesting function of coiled-coil domains. Additionally, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains of DLG5 also have self-association potential and can bind to the N-terminus of DL5 [22]. The characteristics of the coiled coil, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains suggest that ...
Yeast as a screening tool
... essential for binding [20,21]. As opposed to biochemical assays, within cells a dynamic equilibrium between active and inactive conformations is maintained by the action of protein tyrosine phosphatases, thereby allowing identification of inhibitors that can function either by binding to the active ...
... essential for binding [20,21]. As opposed to biochemical assays, within cells a dynamic equilibrium between active and inactive conformations is maintained by the action of protein tyrosine phosphatases, thereby allowing identification of inhibitors that can function either by binding to the active ...
Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
... the suite of proteins present in the genome. In the case of α motility, both WASP and SCAR must be present. It remains to be seen what the signature actin regulators evolutionarily associated with the lamellipodial or bleb-based forms of actin-based motility are. Second, and perhaps more interesting ...
... the suite of proteins present in the genome. In the case of α motility, both WASP and SCAR must be present. It remains to be seen what the signature actin regulators evolutionarily associated with the lamellipodial or bleb-based forms of actin-based motility are. Second, and perhaps more interesting ...
Programmed Changes in Form during Moss Development
... oxidase activity relative to the wild type. This suggests that lower auxin levels in the mutant may be due to increased enzymatic degradation of the hormone and that the enzymes necessary for IAA catabolism operate in Funaria. Additional evidence for auxin's role in caulonema differentiation comes f ...
... oxidase activity relative to the wild type. This suggests that lower auxin levels in the mutant may be due to increased enzymatic degradation of the hormone and that the enzymes necessary for IAA catabolism operate in Funaria. Additional evidence for auxin's role in caulonema differentiation comes f ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
... intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 trials). Cell 3 impulses were counted in a window O-4.5 set from the en ...
Yeast a Mighty Tiny Fungus
... on that work, scientists know that about 1/3 of yeast’s 6000 genes are the same as those in human cells. Also, hundreds of human disease genes exist in yeast. Yeast reproduces in a matter of hours and are cheap to work with. Yeast colonies are small and many experiments can easily be conducted on Pe ...
... on that work, scientists know that about 1/3 of yeast’s 6000 genes are the same as those in human cells. Also, hundreds of human disease genes exist in yeast. Yeast reproduces in a matter of hours and are cheap to work with. Yeast colonies are small and many experiments can easily be conducted on Pe ...
Amoeba and Paramecium
... Amoeba continued… • Adaptations: -pseudopods for moving and feeding. -contractile vacuole -plasmasol / plasmagel • Movement: -by pseudopods or “false feet” -move on solid surfaces – cannot swim -move ~ 20mm/hr ...
... Amoeba continued… • Adaptations: -pseudopods for moving and feeding. -contractile vacuole -plasmasol / plasmagel • Movement: -by pseudopods or “false feet” -move on solid surfaces – cannot swim -move ~ 20mm/hr ...
Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation
... staurosporine, a drug known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells was used to stimulate cell death.34 Using human isolated nuclei as targets, nuclear DNA degradation was observed when a staurosporine treated cytoplasmic extract of promastigotes was used. The DNA fragmentation was prevented in the p ...
... staurosporine, a drug known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells was used to stimulate cell death.34 Using human isolated nuclei as targets, nuclear DNA degradation was observed when a staurosporine treated cytoplasmic extract of promastigotes was used. The DNA fragmentation was prevented in the p ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
PDF
... cell (AB.x or MS), the angles of the P2 and P3 divisions were highly variable, indicating that the axis was not specified (Fig. 1L,M). The difference in the effect between contact with endodermal precursors or with control cells was statistically significant (P<0.005 by Fisher’s exact test). These r ...
... cell (AB.x or MS), the angles of the P2 and P3 divisions were highly variable, indicating that the axis was not specified (Fig. 1L,M). The difference in the effect between contact with endodermal precursors or with control cells was statistically significant (P<0.005 by Fisher’s exact test). These r ...
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... antibody has high specificity for phosphorylated sequences. In principle, this antibody, called the Akt-phosphosubstrate (Akt-pSub) antibody, should bind specifically to phosphorylated substrates of S/T kinases that recognize the RxRxxS/T motif. We used this antibody in concert with the protein data ...
... antibody has high specificity for phosphorylated sequences. In principle, this antibody, called the Akt-phosphosubstrate (Akt-pSub) antibody, should bind specifically to phosphorylated substrates of S/T kinases that recognize the RxRxxS/T motif. We used this antibody in concert with the protein data ...
Untitled - University of Guelph
... of diverse areas of plant research but it is only recently that molecular-genetic and cell-biological tools have been effectively combined for dissecting plant cell morphogenesis. Increased understanding of the polar growth characteristics of model cell types, the availability of many morphological ...
... of diverse areas of plant research but it is only recently that molecular-genetic and cell-biological tools have been effectively combined for dissecting plant cell morphogenesis. Increased understanding of the polar growth characteristics of model cell types, the availability of many morphological ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
... and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Preliminary studies led many to postulate that recruitment of ELMO-Dock180 to the membrane by CrkII is a major regulatory m ...
... and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Preliminary studies led many to postulate that recruitment of ELMO-Dock180 to the membrane by CrkII is a major regulatory m ...
Gene Section CDT1 (chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1)
... rereplication, resulting in chromosomal instability in normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF2) immortalized by telomerase. Deregulated CDT1 overexpression causes chronic chromosomal damage and instability that can eventually results in carcinogenesis. CDT1 is also highly expressed in cancer cells C ...
... rereplication, resulting in chromosomal instability in normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF2) immortalized by telomerase. Deregulated CDT1 overexpression causes chronic chromosomal damage and instability that can eventually results in carcinogenesis. CDT1 is also highly expressed in cancer cells C ...
Molecular basis of differential gene expression in the mouse
... pronuclei, in the process of replacing their sperm-specific histones with somatic histones, have higher levels of transcription than female pronuclei (Perreault, 1992; Thompson, 1996; Adenot et al., 1997; Aoki et al., 1997). 2) Acetylated forms of several histones (H4.Ac5, 8, 12; H3.Ac9/18 and H2A.A ...
... pronuclei, in the process of replacing their sperm-specific histones with somatic histones, have higher levels of transcription than female pronuclei (Perreault, 1992; Thompson, 1996; Adenot et al., 1997; Aoki et al., 1997). 2) Acetylated forms of several histones (H4.Ac5, 8, 12; H3.Ac9/18 and H2A.A ...
The integrin–actin connection, an eternal love affair
... into the cytoplasmic domain of b1 and b7-integrins reduced membrane protrusion, cell polarization and consequently cell migration (Calderwood et al., 2001). Filamin can induce reorganization of the cytoskeleton by different pathways. First, ®lamin might stimulate changes of the cytoskeleton by provi ...
... into the cytoplasmic domain of b1 and b7-integrins reduced membrane protrusion, cell polarization and consequently cell migration (Calderwood et al., 2001). Filamin can induce reorganization of the cytoskeleton by different pathways. First, ®lamin might stimulate changes of the cytoskeleton by provi ...
New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System
... neurons and recruits APC/C-Cdh1 to its substrate. This is promoted by TGFβ, which induces the translocation of Smad2 to the nucleus, where it interacts with cdh1. Inhibition of TGFβ inactivates Smad2 signaling, which causes an increase in SnoN, and axonal growth is thereby stimulated [13,20]. Furthe ...
... neurons and recruits APC/C-Cdh1 to its substrate. This is promoted by TGFβ, which induces the translocation of Smad2 to the nucleus, where it interacts with cdh1. Inhibition of TGFβ inactivates Smad2 signaling, which causes an increase in SnoN, and axonal growth is thereby stimulated [13,20]. Furthe ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
... be that these tests failed to inhibit a novel MEK1 activity (Colanzi et al., 2000), another explanation is that MEK1 facilitates, but is not required for, Golgi disassembly (Jesch et al., 2001a; Puthenveedu and Linstedt, 2001b). Results in the permeabilized cell assays are most consistent with MEK1 ...
... be that these tests failed to inhibit a novel MEK1 activity (Colanzi et al., 2000), another explanation is that MEK1 facilitates, but is not required for, Golgi disassembly (Jesch et al., 2001a; Puthenveedu and Linstedt, 2001b). Results in the permeabilized cell assays are most consistent with MEK1 ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.