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... and non-motile unicells that are presently classified in four clades (Leliaert et al., 2012) and are most commonly found in marine habitats. In photic zones of oceans, picoplanktonic prasinophytes (perhaps the smallest extant eukaryotes; 0.8 μm cell size), like Ostreococcus and Micromonas, exist in v ...
... and non-motile unicells that are presently classified in four clades (Leliaert et al., 2012) and are most commonly found in marine habitats. In photic zones of oceans, picoplanktonic prasinophytes (perhaps the smallest extant eukaryotes; 0.8 μm cell size), like Ostreococcus and Micromonas, exist in v ...
chlamydomonas gymnogama and
... with the exception of the Charales (10), possess hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (10, 15, 19, 35), indicating that these glycoproteins are of'fundamental importance. In most of the plant kingdom, hydroxyproline arabinoside is the only hydroxyproline oligosaccharide released by alkaline hydrolysis ...
... with the exception of the Charales (10), possess hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (10, 15, 19, 35), indicating that these glycoproteins are of'fundamental importance. In most of the plant kingdom, hydroxyproline arabinoside is the only hydroxyproline oligosaccharide released by alkaline hydrolysis ...
Biology Unit Title: Basic Biological Principles Timeline (approximate
... nuclear division, cytokinesis. ...
... nuclear division, cytokinesis. ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in
... beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPases via an adaptor protein ICR1 in Arabidopsis. Similarly to the situation in plants (Hála et al., 2008), the original description of the yeast exocyst complex did not document Exo84 (Ter ...
... beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPases via an adaptor protein ICR1 in Arabidopsis. Similarly to the situation in plants (Hála et al., 2008), the original description of the yeast exocyst complex did not document Exo84 (Ter ...
Meiosis: Its Origin According to the Viral
... either ancestor alone. A classic example is that of lichens, which are composed of a photobiont (cyanobacteria or alga) and a fungal host that have co-evolved to such an extent they are classified as ''lichen'' species, despite the fact that each lichen consists of at least two separate organisms th ...
... either ancestor alone. A classic example is that of lichens, which are composed of a photobiont (cyanobacteria or alga) and a fungal host that have co-evolved to such an extent they are classified as ''lichen'' species, despite the fact that each lichen consists of at least two separate organisms th ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... of interphase cells. So far there have been no reports on the localization of phospho-RBR proteins in plant cells. According to the dominant view, RBR proteins are responsible for a major G1 checkpoint, blocking S phase entry and cell growth. In this work, the molecular tools for monitoring both the ...
... of interphase cells. So far there have been no reports on the localization of phospho-RBR proteins in plant cells. According to the dominant view, RBR proteins are responsible for a major G1 checkpoint, blocking S phase entry and cell growth. In this work, the molecular tools for monitoring both the ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPases via an adaptor protein ICR1 in Arabidopsis. Similarly to the situation in plants (Hála et al., 2008), the original description of the yeast exocyst complex did not document Exo84 (Ter ...
... beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPases via an adaptor protein ICR1 in Arabidopsis. Similarly to the situation in plants (Hála et al., 2008), the original description of the yeast exocyst complex did not document Exo84 (Ter ...
Gene Section MAPRE1 (Microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1)
... catastrophes. EB1 increases the frequency of rescues. The net result is more stable, longer microtubules. This effect is predominantly seen during mitosis. EB1 is important in maintaining the structure of the mitotic spindle. This is thought to be mediated by its effects on spindle microtubule dynam ...
... catastrophes. EB1 increases the frequency of rescues. The net result is more stable, longer microtubules. This effect is predominantly seen during mitosis. EB1 is important in maintaining the structure of the mitotic spindle. This is thought to be mediated by its effects on spindle microtubule dynam ...
The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways
... when yeast cells switch from vegetative adhesion to mating (Wittenberg et al. 1990; Brückner et al. 2004). The cyclin gene CLN1 is activated by the transcription factor Tec1 during biofilm formation (Madhani et al. 1999). In contrast, Tec1dependent activation of CLN1 is lost during mating due to Fus3 ...
... when yeast cells switch from vegetative adhesion to mating (Wittenberg et al. 1990; Brückner et al. 2004). The cyclin gene CLN1 is activated by the transcription factor Tec1 during biofilm formation (Madhani et al. 1999). In contrast, Tec1dependent activation of CLN1 is lost during mating due to Fus3 ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... or over-expression of the Ste12p transcription factor 6 in the presence of the calcineurin ...
... or over-expression of the Ste12p transcription factor 6 in the presence of the calcineurin ...
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... 2-OST protein levels were normalized to the levels of tubulin for each sample, and then the total levels of 2-OST in each sample were compared with WT levels. From these experiments, we observed that the 2-OST protein levels in the 2-OST morphants were approximately half the levels observed in uninj ...
... 2-OST protein levels were normalized to the levels of tubulin for each sample, and then the total levels of 2-OST in each sample were compared with WT levels. From these experiments, we observed that the 2-OST protein levels in the 2-OST morphants were approximately half the levels observed in uninj ...
Structural aspects of bulge formation during root hair initiation
... the cytoplasm associated with the formation of cytoplasmic spherical bodies. Our findings showing rapid cytoplasmic vacuolation and loss of cytoplasm, as well as organelle accumulation within the bulged domains of F-actin-depleted trichoblasts, support the importance of F-actin for cytoarchitecture. ...
... the cytoplasm associated with the formation of cytoplasmic spherical bodies. Our findings showing rapid cytoplasmic vacuolation and loss of cytoplasm, as well as organelle accumulation within the bulged domains of F-actin-depleted trichoblasts, support the importance of F-actin for cytoarchitecture. ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... or over-expression of the Ste12p transcription factor 6 in the presence of the calcineurin ...
... or over-expression of the Ste12p transcription factor 6 in the presence of the calcineurin ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Acid growth hypothesis: Growth regulators cause elongation by activating H+ pump • But: Cosgrove isolated proteins that loosen cell wall • Test protein extracts to see if wall loosens • Identified expansin proteins that enhance acid growth • Still don’t know how they work! ...
... Acid growth hypothesis: Growth regulators cause elongation by activating H+ pump • But: Cosgrove isolated proteins that loosen cell wall • Test protein extracts to see if wall loosens • Identified expansin proteins that enhance acid growth • Still don’t know how they work! ...
Alternative splicing of human cyclin E - Journal of Cell Science
... human cyclin E: evidence for alternative splicing In the course of analysing the expression of the cyclin E gene in different cell lines we observed a second minor RNA species that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorte ...
... human cyclin E: evidence for alternative splicing In the course of analysing the expression of the cyclin E gene in different cell lines we observed a second minor RNA species that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorte ...
Lineage Commitment During T cell Development
... Pre-Ta functions as a surrogate for the a chain during thymic development Expressed in DN cell and heterodimerizes with a functional b chain - assists in quality control for b chain rearrangement The pre-Ta/b chain dimer promotes increased CD3 expression and induces a ligandindependent signal, perha ...
... Pre-Ta functions as a surrogate for the a chain during thymic development Expressed in DN cell and heterodimerizes with a functional b chain - assists in quality control for b chain rearrangement The pre-Ta/b chain dimer promotes increased CD3 expression and induces a ligandindependent signal, perha ...
Drosophila asymmetric division, polarity and cancer - e
... larval NBs. Markers that are asymmetrically localized at the apical (blue) or basal (red) cortex have been observed during mitosis, from prophase to late telophase. No such markers have been observed during interphase, thus opening the question of how cell polarity is maintained or reestablished fro ...
... larval NBs. Markers that are asymmetrically localized at the apical (blue) or basal (red) cortex have been observed during mitosis, from prophase to late telophase. No such markers have been observed during interphase, thus opening the question of how cell polarity is maintained or reestablished fro ...
The ARP2/3 complex: giving plant cells a leading edge
... subtle defects but these have been more difficult to observe and quantify due to the compensating influences between neighboring cells present on all sides. Epidermal cells displayed clear phenotypes mostly on the side exposed to the external environment. The observations on rapidly elongating cells ...
... subtle defects but these have been more difficult to observe and quantify due to the compensating influences between neighboring cells present on all sides. Epidermal cells displayed clear phenotypes mostly on the side exposed to the external environment. The observations on rapidly elongating cells ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... 2000). In response to chemicals, including Suc and phytohormones, D-type cyclin (CYCD) is induced and binds to the A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) to form a CDKA/CYCD complex. An active form of this complex regulates three proteins, which are themselves in a complex, namely, E2 promoter bindin ...
... 2000). In response to chemicals, including Suc and phytohormones, D-type cyclin (CYCD) is induced and binds to the A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKA) to form a CDKA/CYCD complex. An active form of this complex regulates three proteins, which are themselves in a complex, namely, E2 promoter bindin ...
Schwann cells - MsPhilip1234
... • At resting potential 1. Most voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are closed; most of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are also closed ...
... • At resting potential 1. Most voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are closed; most of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are also closed ...
Discreteness of chromosome territories
... unpublished). Intriguingly, speckles rich in splicing factors, coiled bodies, mRNA of an integrated virus (Bridger et al., 1998; Zirbel et al., 1993) and the few genes studied so far (Clemson et al., 1996; Kurz et al., 1996; Park and DeBoni, 1998) were observed to be localized preferentially near th ...
... unpublished). Intriguingly, speckles rich in splicing factors, coiled bodies, mRNA of an integrated virus (Bridger et al., 1998; Zirbel et al., 1993) and the few genes studied so far (Clemson et al., 1996; Kurz et al., 1996; Park and DeBoni, 1998) were observed to be localized preferentially near th ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... roles in these processes. In a number of fungi, F-actin is present in the nucleoplasm close to where the nuclear envelope associates with the spindle pole bodies. This has led to suggestions that it may play a role in the migration of the spindle pole bodies during prophase and/or provide a mechanis ...
... roles in these processes. In a number of fungi, F-actin is present in the nucleoplasm close to where the nuclear envelope associates with the spindle pole bodies. This has led to suggestions that it may play a role in the migration of the spindle pole bodies during prophase and/or provide a mechanis ...
analysis of the significance of a periodic, cell size
... synthesis at points in their cell cycles when they have very similar protein contents per cell (Fraser & Nurse, 19786). Similarly, the 2 haploid strains have similar protein contents per cell when they double their rates of poly(A)+mRNA synthesis (Fraser & Nurse, 1978 a). All 5 strains double their ...
... synthesis at points in their cell cycles when they have very similar protein contents per cell (Fraser & Nurse, 19786). Similarly, the 2 haploid strains have similar protein contents per cell when they double their rates of poly(A)+mRNA synthesis (Fraser & Nurse, 1978 a). All 5 strains double their ...
The relative roles of specific N- and C
... formation of stable dimers and tetramers, deletion experiments illustrate the importance of end domains in the construction of higher order IF structures (Fuchs and Weber, 1994). In normal cells, the involvement of end domains in the process of IF structural dynamics is most likely mediated by prote ...
... formation of stable dimers and tetramers, deletion experiments illustrate the importance of end domains in the construction of higher order IF structures (Fuchs and Weber, 1994). In normal cells, the involvement of end domains in the process of IF structural dynamics is most likely mediated by prote ...
Merotelic kinetochore orientation occurs frequently during early
... capturing microtubule plus ends from the same pole (syntelic orientation) and promotes the correct attachment of sisters to opposite spindle poles (amphytelic orientation, or biorientation) (Nicklas, 1997; Rieder and Salmon, 1998). Little is known about the initial incidence of merotelic kinetochore ...
... capturing microtubule plus ends from the same pole (syntelic orientation) and promotes the correct attachment of sisters to opposite spindle poles (amphytelic orientation, or biorientation) (Nicklas, 1997; Rieder and Salmon, 1998). Little is known about the initial incidence of merotelic kinetochore ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.