Changes in Pectin Structure during Epidermal Cell Elongation in
... Immunolocalization by JIMS and JIM7— Immunogold electron microscopic studies were performed on cross sections of elongating and non-elongating regions of the pea epicotyl. For immunological studies, well-defined monoclonal antibodies were used: JIM5, which recognizes pectins with a low degree of met ...
... Immunolocalization by JIMS and JIM7— Immunogold electron microscopic studies were performed on cross sections of elongating and non-elongating regions of the pea epicotyl. For immunological studies, well-defined monoclonal antibodies were used: JIM5, which recognizes pectins with a low degree of met ...
Adenomatous polyposis coli - Journal of Cell Science
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
Vps41 Phosphorylation and the Rab Ypt7 Control the Targeting of
... link the in vivo and in vitro effects observed in the yck3⌬ mutant to Vps41 function, we searched for the phosphorylation sites in the protein. The Vps41 phosphorylation results in a size shift on gels and is observed in vitro if vacuole-containing membranes are incubated in the presence of ATP (Fig ...
... link the in vivo and in vitro effects observed in the yck3⌬ mutant to Vps41 function, we searched for the phosphorylation sites in the protein. The Vps41 phosphorylation results in a size shift on gels and is observed in vitro if vacuole-containing membranes are incubated in the presence of ATP (Fig ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
... accumulation of long, smooth filamentous cells in culture (Figs 1C and 2A). This suggests that the depletion of ParB from these cells results in a cell division block. Wild-type cells, when shifted from xylose-containing medium to a medium that contained only glucose, showed no such cell division bl ...
... accumulation of long, smooth filamentous cells in culture (Figs 1C and 2A). This suggests that the depletion of ParB from these cells results in a cell division block. Wild-type cells, when shifted from xylose-containing medium to a medium that contained only glucose, showed no such cell division bl ...
Female meiosis in polo - Journal of Cell Science
... of its poles and central regions, but also the meiotic divisions are immediately followed by a dynamic microtubule mediated process that sets up the first gonomeric spindle upon which segregate the chromosomes of the male and female pronuclei. The first meiotic spindle is acentriolar and appears not ...
... of its poles and central regions, but also the meiotic divisions are immediately followed by a dynamic microtubule mediated process that sets up the first gonomeric spindle upon which segregate the chromosomes of the male and female pronuclei. The first meiotic spindle is acentriolar and appears not ...
DNA asymmetry in stem cells – immortal or mortal?
... segregation’ does not necessarily describe a single biological phenomenon. As such, each type of non-random sister chromatid segregation can have a distinct biological meaning, and be carried out through distinct molecular or cellular mechanisms. Non-random sister chromatid segregation during stem c ...
... segregation’ does not necessarily describe a single biological phenomenon. As such, each type of non-random sister chromatid segregation can have a distinct biological meaning, and be carried out through distinct molecular or cellular mechanisms. Non-random sister chromatid segregation during stem c ...
Links between genome replication and chromatin landscapes
... Chromatin and genome replication 39 (ORIs), where replication starts to complete the duplication of each replicon unit. Their number seems to be closely and linearly correlated with genome size (Gilbert, 2010; Costas et al., 2011a; DePamphilis and Bell, 2011). The activation of all ORIs is highly c ...
... Chromatin and genome replication 39 (ORIs), where replication starts to complete the duplication of each replicon unit. Their number seems to be closely and linearly correlated with genome size (Gilbert, 2010; Costas et al., 2011a; DePamphilis and Bell, 2011). The activation of all ORIs is highly c ...
Early transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
... Key words: autoradiography, α-amanitin, maternal effects, transcription, Caenorhabditis ...
... Key words: autoradiography, α-amanitin, maternal effects, transcription, Caenorhabditis ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) ...
... National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) ...
The Ubiquitin System for Protein Degradation and Some of Its Roles
... released only in 1946, so we did not know for four years whether or not he was alive. In the spring of 1944, Hungary3s dictator Horthy understood that Germany was losing the war, and planned to desert. The Germans sensed this and quickly occupied Hungary. This was followed by the rapid extermination ...
... released only in 1946, so we did not know for four years whether or not he was alive. In the spring of 1944, Hungary3s dictator Horthy understood that Germany was losing the war, and planned to desert. The Germans sensed this and quickly occupied Hungary. This was followed by the rapid extermination ...
A proteomic chronology of gene expression through the cell cycle in
... and transcriptome. We thus address the key question of how different layers of gene expression affect corresponding levels of protein and mRNA in a biologically important, dynamic system. The mitotic cell cycle is a conserved and highly regulated process in all eukaryotes, which has been categorized ...
... and transcriptome. We thus address the key question of how different layers of gene expression affect corresponding levels of protein and mRNA in a biologically important, dynamic system. The mitotic cell cycle is a conserved and highly regulated process in all eukaryotes, which has been categorized ...
Teacher Guide for Amplify Cell Structure and Function Module
... case of something as complicated as the cell system. ...
... case of something as complicated as the cell system. ...
STAINING OF BACTERIAL CELLS Objective • To learn the
... cell wall structure and composition of cells. In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acidfast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria, on the basis of lipid content of their cell wall. In the Gram stain, cells from a culture are spread in a thin film over a sm ...
... cell wall structure and composition of cells. In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acidfast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria, on the basis of lipid content of their cell wall. In the Gram stain, cells from a culture are spread in a thin film over a sm ...
Autophagic Components Contribute to Hypersensitive Cell Death in
... enhance virulence (Bent and Mackey, 2007). Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae, use a type III secretion system (T3SS) for the export and translocation of effectors into host cells. Infection and multiplication of bacteria in the leaf interior can lead to disease-ass ...
... enhance virulence (Bent and Mackey, 2007). Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae, use a type III secretion system (T3SS) for the export and translocation of effectors into host cells. Infection and multiplication of bacteria in the leaf interior can lead to disease-ass ...
From spores to antibiotics via the cell cycle
... polymerase that specify which promoters are recognized by the catalytic part of the enzyme. This was important because s factors are powerful regulators that can turn on whole sets of genes in concert. The other proteins in the loci turned out to encode regulatory proteins that control the activity ...
... polymerase that specify which promoters are recognized by the catalytic part of the enzyme. This was important because s factors are powerful regulators that can turn on whole sets of genes in concert. The other proteins in the loci turned out to encode regulatory proteins that control the activity ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
BIOLOGY I MIDTERM OBJECTIVES Chapter 1 (The Nature of
... words plasmolysis and turgor pressure in reference to plant cells) 8) Explain what turgor pressure is and why it is important to plant cells 9) Explain the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis and why they are necessary to move some substances across the plasma membrane 10) Understand the r ...
... words plasmolysis and turgor pressure in reference to plant cells) 8) Explain what turgor pressure is and why it is important to plant cells 9) Explain the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis and why they are necessary to move some substances across the plasma membrane 10) Understand the r ...
TOR SIGNALLING IN BUGS, BRAIN AND BRAWN
... The processes of cell growth and cell division are usually coupled to give rise to cells of a specific size. There are certain exceptions, however, in which one process occurs independently of the other. For example, division without growth occurs during early development when embryonic cells divide ...
... The processes of cell growth and cell division are usually coupled to give rise to cells of a specific size. There are certain exceptions, however, in which one process occurs independently of the other. For example, division without growth occurs during early development when embryonic cells divide ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... before an Increase in Cell Division Frequency But Coincides with a Decrease in Cell Size ...
... before an Increase in Cell Division Frequency But Coincides with a Decrease in Cell Size ...
regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis The NPK1
... Figure 1. The accumulation and the activity of NPK1 during the cell cycle in tobacco BY-2 cells. (A) Domain organization and critical regions in the NPK1 protein. See details in the text. (B) Recognition specificity of anti-NPK1 antibodies. Protein extracts from BY-2 cells in a logarithmic (lane 1) ...
... Figure 1. The accumulation and the activity of NPK1 during the cell cycle in tobacco BY-2 cells. (A) Domain organization and critical regions in the NPK1 protein. See details in the text. (B) Recognition specificity of anti-NPK1 antibodies. Protein extracts from BY-2 cells in a logarithmic (lane 1) ...
Sample preparation and analytical strategies for
... breast cancer [8]). Detailed information on the nature of the target substrates to determine site-specific changes in phosphorylation, variation in protein abundance, and the impact on interacting partners and their associated functions are required to understand the complex regulation of protein pho ...
... breast cancer [8]). Detailed information on the nature of the target substrates to determine site-specific changes in phosphorylation, variation in protein abundance, and the impact on interacting partners and their associated functions are required to understand the complex regulation of protein pho ...
Elg1 forms an alternative RFC complex important for DNA
... We next examined the sensitivity of each possible double mutant combination and the triple mutant. Both double mutants with rad24D were signi®cantly more sensitive to all agents than any of the single mutants, whereas the rad24D ctf18D elg1D triple mutant conferred the greatest sensitivity to MMS. T ...
... We next examined the sensitivity of each possible double mutant combination and the triple mutant. Both double mutants with rad24D were signi®cantly more sensitive to all agents than any of the single mutants, whereas the rad24D ctf18D elg1D triple mutant conferred the greatest sensitivity to MMS. T ...
The use of yeast inoculation in fermentation for port production
... the 1993 vintage by heating unfermented red must to approximately 70°C for 20 minutes, the resulting must (hexose sugar content of 210 g/l) was stored at -8°C until use. Four fermentations, referred to as A,B,C&D, corresponding to the media used in the preparation of the inocula (Table 1) as 200ml i ...
... the 1993 vintage by heating unfermented red must to approximately 70°C for 20 minutes, the resulting must (hexose sugar content of 210 g/l) was stored at -8°C until use. Four fermentations, referred to as A,B,C&D, corresponding to the media used in the preparation of the inocula (Table 1) as 200ml i ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.