Micromechanical studies of mitotic chromosomes
... techniques. These experiments reveal that chromosomes have well-behaved elastic response over a fivefold range of stretching, with an elastic modulus similar to that of a loosely tethered polymer network. Perturbation by microfluidic ‘spraying’ of various ions reveals that the mitotic chromosome can b ...
... techniques. These experiments reveal that chromosomes have well-behaved elastic response over a fivefold range of stretching, with an elastic modulus similar to that of a loosely tethered polymer network. Perturbation by microfluidic ‘spraying’ of various ions reveals that the mitotic chromosome can b ...
Simulations Suggest Information Processing Roles for the Diverse
... There are several substrates for neuronal computation, including connectivity, synapses, morphometries of dendritic trees, linear parameters of cell membrane, as well as non-linear, time-varying membrane conductances, also referred to as currents or channels. In the classical description of neuronal ...
... There are several substrates for neuronal computation, including connectivity, synapses, morphometries of dendritic trees, linear parameters of cell membrane, as well as non-linear, time-varying membrane conductances, also referred to as currents or channels. In the classical description of neuronal ...
Myc Requires Distinct E2F Activities to Induce S Phase
... as well as the subsequent induction of the G1 cyclindependent kinases. The activation of these G1 cyclindependent kinases leads to phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein, which then allows an accumulation of E2F transcription factors. Numerous experiments have now shown that ...
... as well as the subsequent induction of the G1 cyclindependent kinases. The activation of these G1 cyclindependent kinases leads to phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein, which then allows an accumulation of E2F transcription factors. Numerous experiments have now shown that ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
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... experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Furthermore, analysis of the lactating ability of DCMECs revealed that these DCMECs can synthes ...
... experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Furthermore, analysis of the lactating ability of DCMECs revealed that these DCMECs can synthes ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
Chromatin and the genome integrity network
... that chromatin primarily regulates the initial accessibil- results are unclear. Likewise, chromatin remodelling by ity of the lesion to the repair machinery. Indeed, a large the budding yeast INO80 complex does not appear to number of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling have an impact on the eff ...
... that chromatin primarily regulates the initial accessibil- results are unclear. Likewise, chromatin remodelling by ity of the lesion to the repair machinery. Indeed, a large the budding yeast INO80 complex does not appear to number of the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling have an impact on the eff ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... Lytic or virulent phages are phages, which multiply in bacteria and kill the cell by lysis at the end of the life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or out ...
... Lytic or virulent phages are phages, which multiply in bacteria and kill the cell by lysis at the end of the life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or out ...
Wnt signaling
... (Dvl), a family of cytosolic signal transducer molecules. • Activation of Dvl ultimately leads to phosphorylation and consequently inhibition of GSK-3 • Inhibition of GSK-3 results in stabilisation and consequent cytosolic accumulation of -catenin, which then translocates into the nucleus, • -ca ...
... (Dvl), a family of cytosolic signal transducer molecules. • Activation of Dvl ultimately leads to phosphorylation and consequently inhibition of GSK-3 • Inhibition of GSK-3 results in stabilisation and consequent cytosolic accumulation of -catenin, which then translocates into the nucleus, • -ca ...
During Cytokinesis Light Chain, Tctex
... involved in the function of IL-7 receptors (19, 20) and IL-5 receptors (21) in lymphocytes. Interestingly, Yasunaga et al. (22) have observed that the kinase also plays a critical role in mitotic division (cytokinesis) of proB cells. In addition, Ley et al. (23) have demonstrated significant cytopla ...
... involved in the function of IL-7 receptors (19, 20) and IL-5 receptors (21) in lymphocytes. Interestingly, Yasunaga et al. (22) have observed that the kinase also plays a critical role in mitotic division (cytokinesis) of proB cells. In addition, Ley et al. (23) have demonstrated significant cytopla ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... somes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacteri required for the biogenesis of only a subset of n proteins, is present at !1 molecule/100 ribos bly, trigger factor and SRP bind to the same r exit of the ribosomal tunnel (1, 2). The cur trigger factor and SRP can bind simultaneous some (1); however, it was ...
... somes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacteri required for the biogenesis of only a subset of n proteins, is present at !1 molecule/100 ribos bly, trigger factor and SRP bind to the same r exit of the ribosomal tunnel (1, 2). The cur trigger factor and SRP can bind simultaneous some (1); however, it was ...
An A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein Functions
... domain-containing proteins was determined. Initially, three genes were selected, At2g01600, At1g03050, and At2g25430, named AtECA1, AtECA2, and AtECA4, respectively. These were fused to the N terminus of sGFP for in vivo localization (Fig. 1A). The sGFP fusion constructs AtECA1:sGFP, AtECA2:sGFP, an ...
... domain-containing proteins was determined. Initially, three genes were selected, At2g01600, At1g03050, and At2g25430, named AtECA1, AtECA2, and AtECA4, respectively. These were fused to the N terminus of sGFP for in vivo localization (Fig. 1A). The sGFP fusion constructs AtECA1:sGFP, AtECA2:sGFP, an ...
Four new subunits of the Dam1Duo1 complex reveal novel functions
... (Enquist-Newman et al., 2001), raising the possibility that this complex contains yet more subunits. In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the budding yeast centromeres are clustered near SPBs through the binding of kinetochores to MTs (Jin et al., 2000). In early S phase, centromere DNA is replicated ...
... (Enquist-Newman et al., 2001), raising the possibility that this complex contains yet more subunits. In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the budding yeast centromeres are clustered near SPBs through the binding of kinetochores to MTs (Jin et al., 2000). In early S phase, centromere DNA is replicated ...
315-332
... polysaccharides, such as xyloglucan, mixed-linkage b-glucan or arabinoxylan, forming a cellulose–hemicellulose network (Carpita & Gibeaut, 1993; Mishima et al., 1998). The cellulose–hemicellulose network coexists with a second network that consists of the pectic polysaccharides homogalacturonan, rha ...
... polysaccharides, such as xyloglucan, mixed-linkage b-glucan or arabinoxylan, forming a cellulose–hemicellulose network (Carpita & Gibeaut, 1993; Mishima et al., 1998). The cellulose–hemicellulose network coexists with a second network that consists of the pectic polysaccharides homogalacturonan, rha ...
The AtRAD51C Gene Is Required for Normal Meiotic Chromosome
... maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis and molecular genetic analyses in Arabidopsis also support the idea that RAD51 is important for pairing, synapsis, and recombination (Franklin et al., 1999; Mercier et al., 2003; Pawlowski et al., 2003, 2004; Li et al., 2004). Five RAD51 paralogs have been identified ...
... maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis and molecular genetic analyses in Arabidopsis also support the idea that RAD51 is important for pairing, synapsis, and recombination (Franklin et al., 1999; Mercier et al., 2003; Pawlowski et al., 2003, 2004; Li et al., 2004). Five RAD51 paralogs have been identified ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... posed by the arduous and time-consuming technique of classical manual micromanipulation. This allows the previously unfeasible accomplishment of large-scale screens and molecular phenotyping throughout the mother cell’s lifespan. Proteins are among the material asymmetrically distributed after divis ...
... posed by the arduous and time-consuming technique of classical manual micromanipulation. This allows the previously unfeasible accomplishment of large-scale screens and molecular phenotyping throughout the mother cell’s lifespan. Proteins are among the material asymmetrically distributed after divis ...
Polarity and cell division orientation in the cleavage embryo: from
... (Fig. 2B). Neuroblasts express Inscuteable (Insc), that localizes apically due to its interaction with aPKC/Par-6/Baz (Schober et al., 1999; Wodarz et al., 1999). Insc is responsible for recruiting the GoLoco domain containing protein, Partner of Inscuteable (Pins, a homologue of vertebrate LGN) to ...
... (Fig. 2B). Neuroblasts express Inscuteable (Insc), that localizes apically due to its interaction with aPKC/Par-6/Baz (Schober et al., 1999; Wodarz et al., 1999). Insc is responsible for recruiting the GoLoco domain containing protein, Partner of Inscuteable (Pins, a homologue of vertebrate LGN) to ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca
... activation of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels, indicating cellular hypoxia. However, exposure to 5 M glibenclamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels (11), failed to prevent RP-induced shortening of APD90 [control ⫺16 ⫾ 7% (n ⫽ 6) vs. glibenclamide ⫺14 ⫾ 6% (n ⫽ 7)]. This result is consis ...
... activation of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels, indicating cellular hypoxia. However, exposure to 5 M glibenclamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels (11), failed to prevent RP-induced shortening of APD90 [control ⫺16 ⫾ 7% (n ⫽ 6) vs. glibenclamide ⫺14 ⫾ 6% (n ⫽ 7)]. This result is consis ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca - AJP
... activation of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels, indicating cellular hypoxia. However, exposure to 5 M glibenclamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels (11), failed to prevent RP-induced shortening of APD90 [control ⫺16 ⫾ 7% (n ⫽ 6) vs. glibenclamide ⫺14 ⫾ 6% (n ⫽ 7)]. This result is consis ...
... activation of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels, indicating cellular hypoxia. However, exposure to 5 M glibenclamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K⫹ channels (11), failed to prevent RP-induced shortening of APD90 [control ⫺16 ⫾ 7% (n ⫽ 6) vs. glibenclamide ⫺14 ⫾ 6% (n ⫽ 7)]. This result is consis ...
Metabolism, cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle
... and cell division. This view does not take into consideration the effects of nutrients and metabolic status on events that occur after replication initiation, nor does it explain how cell cycle events are coordinated with mass doubling to ensure that new rounds of replication are initiated only once ...
... and cell division. This view does not take into consideration the effects of nutrients and metabolic status on events that occur after replication initiation, nor does it explain how cell cycle events are coordinated with mass doubling to ensure that new rounds of replication are initiated only once ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
... relative humidity), the natural durability of PEMFC is mainly affected by two internal factors: the material properties, and the design and structure of the components and the stack. That is, whether or not a PEMFC is used, the natural degradation is unavoidable because of the change of membrane re ...
... relative humidity), the natural durability of PEMFC is mainly affected by two internal factors: the material properties, and the design and structure of the components and the stack. That is, whether or not a PEMFC is used, the natural degradation is unavoidable because of the change of membrane re ...
The hypersensitive response and the induction of cell death in plants
... entire leaf (see lsd1 and lls1 below). These propagation mutants have been hypothesized to represent defects in mechanisms that negatively control HR (Walbot et al, 1983; Dietrich et al, 1994). Recently, Hu et al (1996) demonstrated that some maize lesion mimics are caused by mutations in the rust d ...
... entire leaf (see lsd1 and lls1 below). These propagation mutants have been hypothesized to represent defects in mechanisms that negatively control HR (Walbot et al, 1983; Dietrich et al, 1994). Recently, Hu et al (1996) demonstrated that some maize lesion mimics are caused by mutations in the rust d ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.